Objective To reveal the genetic relationship among populations of cultivated Coptis chinensis.Methods Twenty four populations of cultivated C.chinensis from different habitats were employed to be analyzed by the approach of sequence-related amplified polymorphism(SRAP).Systematic relationship was constructed based on the UPGMA method by Treeconw software.Results A total of 276 bands were scored,among which 120 were polymorphic bands.The average percentage of polymorphic bands was 43.48%,indicating that the materials in the test have low genetic diversity.Genetic similarity coefficients were changed from 0.877 0 to 0.951 9.By cluster analysis,the geographical distribution was not very obvious,but it was also showed some of the cultivated C.chinensis from the same region were in the same group.Conclusion Different germplasms diversity of cultivated C.chinensis population is lower and genetic background is more single.

Objective To investigate the effect of rocuronium 0.3 mg/kg(ED95)for anesthesia induclion on monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve in patients undergoing thyroid surgery.Methods Seventy-five patients,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 20-70 yr,weighing 50-85 kg,scheduled for thyroid surgery,were randomly divided into two groups:rocuronium group(groupⅠ,n=38)and sevoflurane group(group Ⅱ,n =37).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 2 mg,propofol 2 mg/kg,sulfentanil 0.5 ug/kg.After loss of eyelash reflex,group Ⅰ received rocuronium 0.3 mg/kg(ED95)and was intubated with the electromyographic(EMG)endotracheal tube under glidescope al 2 min after rocuronium administration.Group Ⅱ received sevoflurane inhalation and was endotracheal intubated with EMG tube until end-tidal sevoflurane concentration achieved 4％.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane in both groups.SP,DP,and HR were monitored continuously through the surgery.Cooper's score and the success of attempt at endotracheal intubation were recorded.Recurrent laryngeal nerve evoked EMG was recorded by neuromonitoring and the amplitude of EMG responses was recorded at 5 min intervals from 30 min to 70 min of surgery duration.Results SP,DP and HR remained within normal range in both groups.The success rates of endotracheal intubation were 100％ in both groups,but the Cooper' s score of group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅱ(P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group Ⅱ,the amplitude of EMG respouses was significantly decreased in group Ⅰ(P ＜ 0.05).However,the EMG response in group Ⅰ was adequate for neuromonitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve.Conclusion Rocuronium 0.3 mg/kg(ED95)for anesthesia induction can not only provide satisfied endotracheal intubation conditions,but also be adequate for monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve in patients undergoing thyroid surgery.

Objective To investigate the effect of vecuronium at different doses for induction of anesthesia on monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve in patients undergoing thyroid surgery.Methods One hundred and seventeen patients,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 20-64 yr,weighing 50-85 kg,scheduled for thyroid surgery,were randomly divided into three groups:group Ⅰ (n =39),group Ⅱ (n =40) and group Ⅲ(n =38).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 2 mg,propofol 2 mg/kg,sulfentanil 0.5 μg/kg.Following BIS value at 40-50,vecuronium 0.05(ED95) or 0.10 mg/kg (2 × ED95)was intravenously injected in group Ⅰ or Ⅱ respectively,and the electromyographic (EMG) endotracheal tube was intubated under glidescope at 5 min after vecuronium administration.Group Ⅲ received sevoflurane inhalation and the EMG endotracheal tube was intubated following end-tidal sevoflurane concentration at 4％.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane in three groups.Cooper' s score and the success of attempt at endotracheal intubation were recorded.The recurrent laryngeal nerve-evoked EMG response was monitored to record the amplitude at 5 min intervals from 30 min to 70 min following surgery.Results The success rates of endotracheal intubation were 100％ in three groups,but the Cooper' s score of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference between groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.In spite of the EMG amplitude being significantly decreased as compared with group Ⅲ,the EMG response was adequate for monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve in group Ⅰ.The EMG response was lost 30 min following surgery,and inadequate for neuromonitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve 35-45 min following surgery in group Ⅱ.Conclusion Vecuronium 0.05 mg/kg (ED95)for induction of anesthesia may be helpful to provide satisfactory endotracheal intubation conditions,also not affect the monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve in patients undergoing thyroid surgery,which can be recommended as the optimal dosage.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of water content in soil on physiological characters and yield of Artemisia annua.

METHODThe pot experiment was applied and activity of protective enzyme, biomass and artemisinin accumulation were measured under different water treatments.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe results showed that contents of osmotic adjustable substances, activity of protective enzyme, biomass and artemisinin accumulation were greatly affected by water content in the soil. Under water stress the water content in leave decreased, relative plasmalemma permeability increased, proline quickly accumulated to promote water retaining capability of cell, POD, CAT and SOD cooperated to reduce lipid peroxidation and reduced cell damage, and biomass decreased. At the seedling stage, the content of artemisinin and yield reached the maximal when the water content in soil was between 50%-55%. At the beginning of the branching stage, the content of artemisinin was the highest at the water content of 50%-55%, while the yield reached the maximal at the water content of 70%-75%. At the end of branching stage, the content of artemisinin was the highest at the water content of 40%-45%, while the yield reached the maximal at the water content of 60%-65%. In conclusion, the optimum water content in soil was between 50%-55% at the seedling stage, at the branching stage, higher water content was beneficial for the higher yield.

Antimalarials ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Artemisia annua ; chemistry ; physiology ; Artemisinins ; analysis ; Biomass ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Transpiration ; Seedlings ; Soil ; analysis ; Water ; Water Movements

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of element contents and the influencing factors in Codonopsis tangshen.

METHODThe contents of elements were determined and the data was statistically analyzed.

RESULTThe variation coefficients of elements in C. tangshen were lower than those in soil, and variation coefficients of C. tangshen from different habitats were lower than 50%.

CONCLUSIONThe absorption of nutritional elements in C. tangshen was related to content and condition of soil nutrients, and climate etc.

China ; Climate ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Elements ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Soil ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of micro-elements fertilizers on the quality and yields of Artemisia annua.

METHODField experiments were conducted according to the method of random blocks design. After the harvest the yield was calculated and the content of artemisinin was determined.

RESULTBy applying 0.1%-0.5% Mn and 0.1%-0.5% Zn the dried leaf output and artemisinin content were increased.

CONCLUSIONThe suitable ranges of Mn and Zn can increased the yield and artemisinin content of A. annua.

Artemisia annua ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Artemisinins ; metabolism ; Boron ; pharmacology ; Manganese ; pharmacology ; Zinc ; pharmacology

Objective To identify the risk factors for positive resection residues after endoscopic submucosal dissection ( ESD ) of early esophageal squamous carcinomas and precancerous lesions. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 315 patients with early esophageal squamous cancer and precancerous lesion who underwent ESD. The pathological features of all resection margins in the specimen and the follow?up outcome of the patients with positive resection margin were evaluated. Univariate and multi?variate analysis were used to determine the risk factors for resection margin residues after ESD. Results In 315 lesions,there were 290 lesions with negative resection margins and 25 with positive resection margins.The number of lesions with positive lateral, basal, or both resection margins was 13, 8, and 4, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the depth of invasion( submucosal layer invasion, P=0?048) was the only independent risk factor for positive basal resection margin. The proportion of circumferential extension (≥3/4,P=0?014) and the depth of invasion( exceeding muscularis mucosa, P=0?007) were independent risk factors for positive lateral resection margin. Conclusion The diameter of the lesions and the depth of tumor invasion are independent risk factors for esophageal ESD positive resection margins. Accurate evaluation of lesion extension and invasive depth is critical to avoid residual or recurrent tumor after esophageal ESD.

OBJECTIVEThe genetic difference among Scrophularia ningpoensis cultivars were analyzed in molecular level.

METHODNinety-two individuls of three S. ningpoensis cultivars were employed to be analyzed by the approach of Sequence-related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP).The parameters were calculated by POPGENE1.31 and the relationship was constructed based on UPGMA method.

RESULT1) A total of 227 bands were scored and 199 bands of them were polymorphic. 2) The result is showed that there is a medium level of genetic diversity among three cultivars. At species level: percentage of polymorphic loci PPB=52.42%, effective number of alleles N(e)=1.2812, Nei's gene diversity H=0.1671 and Shannon's information index H(sp)= 0.2526; At cultivar level: PPB=21.44%, N(e)=1.1216, Nei's gene diversity H=0.0725 and Shannon's information index H(pop)= 0.1083. 3) The Nei's coefficient of genetic differentiation was 0.5625, which was consistent with the Shannon's coefficient of genetic differentiation (0.5713). Most of the genetic variation existed among cultivars. 4) The gene flow (N(m)=0.3889) was less among cultivars, indicating that the degree of genetic differentiation was higher. 5) Genetic similarity coefficient were changed from 0.8082 to 0.9133. By clustering analysis, the classified result of SRAP marker between traditional modal character was almost same.

CONCLUSIONThe genetic diversity of samples of S. ningpoensis is medium. The genetic difference among cultivar is higher than that within cultivar.

Cluster Analysis ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Gene Flow ; Genetic Markers ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Scrophularia ; classification ; genetics ; Software

AIM: To investigate the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized bone marrow stem cells on treatment of the myocardial infarction in experimental rats. METHODS: Three hours after injected with isoprenaline(ISO) interaperitoneally to develop acute ischemic model, rats' bone marrow stem cells were mobilized by G-CSF and migrated to the site of myocardial infarction. The hearts were harvested from 24 hours to 2 weeks after administration of ISO for histopathological examination. RESULTS: 24 hours after administration of ISO , myocardial infarct zones scattered in the pallium of the control group ,there were a large amoumt of inflammatory cells infiltration around the infarct zones and majority of them were neutrophils. The infarction in the G-CSF treatment group was milder, majority of the infiltrative cells were monocytoid; 48 hours after administration of ISO, infarct zones expanded greatly in control group, while that of the G-CSF treatment group increased just mildly; 2 weeks after administration of ISO, there was no significant scar in the G-CSF treatment group. We also found the regeneration of myocytes in the pallium. CONCLUSION: G-CSF treatment protected the ischemic myocardium and it may be used to treat the acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVETo establish a sensitive and specific HPLC method for quality control of Codonopsis tangshen.

METHODThe samples were determined with the dereloped method. By the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Version 2004A), mean chromatogram was generated as the representative standard fingerprint and the similarity of each chromatogram against the mean chromatogram was also calculated. Samples was clustered using principal component analysis (PCA) based on the ratio of characteristic peaks and standard peak. The chromatographic fingerprinting of C. tangshen, showing 7 characteristic peaks, was established from 29 habitats of C. tangshen.

RESULTThe similarity of the chromatographic fingerprints from the 29 samples was over 0.8 and 23 samples were classified into one group based on hierarchical cluster, which showed the quality of C. tangshen from different habitats was in good consistency.

CONCLUSIONThe method can be applied for quality assessment of C. tangshen.

China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; classification ; Phylogeny ; Plant Extracts ; analysis