The temperature pressure relationship of mixed gases in the autoclave was analyzed with Clausius Clapeyron equation, Boyle's law and Dalton's law of partial pressure Antoine equations discribing the P T relationship inside the autoclave with different residual air were built up according to data published and a method calculating the temperature from values of manometer was introduced The necessity to efflux the air from the autoclave was explained theoretically

Objective To investigate the effects of early intensive therapy on P cell function and long-term glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with different recruiting fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels.Methods A total of 382 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with FPG 7.0-16.7 mmol/L were randomly assigned to therapy with insulin in the form of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple daily injection (MDI) or oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA, by using gliclazide and/or metformin) for initial rapid correction of hyperglycemia.The treatments were stopped after euglycemia had been maintained for 2 weeks.The patients were followed longitudinally on diet alone for 1 year.Intravenous glucose tolerances tests (IVCTTs) were performed and blood glucose, insulin and proinsulin were measured before and after therapy as well as at 1-year follow-up.Homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA) of β cell function and insulin resistance index ( HOMA-β and HOMA-IR ) were calculated.All the patients were stratified on the recruiting FPG: stratum A (7.0 mmol/L≤ FPG < 11.1 mmol/L) , stratum B (11.1 mmol/L≤ FPG ≤ 16.7 mmol/L).Results More patients in stratum A achieved target glycemic control (94.4% vs 89.8% ) and in shorter time [(5.9 ±3.8)d vs(6.9 ±3.6)d, P <0.05] as compared with those in stratum B.B cell function represented by HOMA-β and acute insulin response ( AIR) improved significantly after intensive interventions in both stratum A and B patients.However, the remission rate at 1 year was significantly higher in stratum A patients (47.8% ) than those in stratum B (35.7%, P < 0.05).The patients treated with insulin (especially with CSII) had higher remission rates and better improvement of AIR at 1 year follow-up irrespective of the recruiting FPG (CSII or MDI vs OHA: 57.1% , 51.8% vs 32.8% in stratum A, P <0.05; 44.4% , 38.7% vs 18.6% in stratum B, P <0.05).Conclusions Compared with OHA, early short time intensive insulin treatment had more favorable outcomes on maintaining AIR and prolonged glycemic remission in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients irrespective of the recruiting FPG levels.