Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of bone esoinophilic granuloma with CT and X-ray plain film.Methods The X-ray and CT manifestations of 39 patients with esoinophilic granuloma of bone confirmed by pathology were analysed retrospectively.Results Monofocal lesion was found in 22 cases(56.4%) and multifocal lesions were in 17 cases(43.6%).Monofocal lesion was most seen in skull 8 cases in this group(36.4%).The X-ray and CT manifestations of bone eosinophilic granuloma were varied with the site and pathologic process of lesion.Conclusion CT is better than plain film in demonstrating the internal components of bone eosinophilic granuloma,especially the button sequestrum and soft tissue mass in the lesion,but plain film examination still can't be replaced with CT scan.Plain film is still the primary method in diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma of bone.

Objective To explore the imaging features of primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions of the skull,so that to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the disease.Methods 47cases with bone tumors and tumor-like lesions of the skull confirmed by pathology or typical imaging manifestations were retrospectively analysed.Results Of 47 cases,there were benign tumors in 22 cases,malignant tumors in 6 cases and tumor-like lesions in 19 cases.Benign tumors included osteoma of 11cases,epidermoid tumor and cyst of 4 cases,osteochondroma and neurofibromatosis of 2 cases respectively,carvernous angioma ,osteoid osteoma,and benign fibrohistiocytoma of 1case respectively.Malignant tumors included multiple myeloma and angiosarcoma of 2 cases respectively,Ewing’s tumor and osteosarcoma each and all in 1 case .Tumor-like lesions included fibrodysplasis of bone in 8 cases, Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis in 7 cases ,brown tumor and deformed osteitis each and all in 2 cases.Conclusion Primary bone tumor and tumor-like lesions of the skull are of a great variety,each one has its own imaging characteristics,the diagnosis of them should be combined with clinic and pathologic data.

Objective To increase the recognition and diagnostic rate of multiple myeloma.Methods 43 patients with multiple myeloma confirmed by medula needle biopsy and/or pathology were reviewed.Results Misdiagnosis rate reached 65%.Bone abnormality was not found on X-ray and CT films in 8 cases,the remained 35 cases showed bone destructions in varied degrees and types.Conclusion It's main way for improving diagnostic rate of multiple myeloma that deepen recognition of multiple myeloma.Clinical diagnosis must be combined with imageology,laboratory and pathology.

Objective To summarize CT features , benign and malignant differential main points of the tumors of germ cell origin in the mediastinum.Methods 32 cases with pathologically confirmed the tumors of germ cell origin in the mediastinum were retrospectively analysed.Results Of 32 cases,26 were benign tumors,including cyst mass in 10,solid mass in 9 and cyst-solid mass in 7.6 cases were malignant tumors, including seminoma in 1 ,endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumor in 1,embryo cell casinoma in 1 and malignant teratoma in 3 .Typical benign teratoid tumors appeared as water to soft tissue density masses,with defined margin,fat or calcification inside the tumors,around tissues were compresed by tumors,the malignant tumors appeared as lobular or irregular masses and around organ invaded.Conclusion CT is a reliable method for the diagnosis of the tumors of germ cell origin in the mediastinum accurately.Malignant tumors of germ cell origin in the mediastinum are difficult differentiation from other mediastinal malignant tumors.

Objective To study the imaging distribution feature and diagnostic value of high resolution computed tomography(HRCT)in peripheral lung cancer(PLC).Methods The feature of imaging distribution was analysed in 37 patients with PLC by pathological proved,which compared with those in 23 cases with lung benign nodules by selected randomly.A double blind method was taken on the manifestations of HRCT about lung nodules tumor-lung interface in near heart side and far heart side.①cloudy or/and shaggy②spiculate③smooth.To search and define the correlation between its distributing feature;manifestations of 3 kinds HRCT;alteration of segment level bronchus and lung benign malignancy nodules.Results Cloudy,or shaggy,spiculalte departing from heart side in lung-tumor interface by HRCT were observed in peripheral lung cancer(79%) and benign nodules(22%);smooth was observed in peripheral lung cancer(14%) and benign nodules(74%).Some cases possed simultaneously two or more than two kinds HRCT's signs.Incidence rate of emphraxis and stenosis signs of segment level bronchus in PLC was higher than that in benign nodules.Conclusion Asymmetry apo-tip dominant position distribution of cloudy or shaggy,and spiculate change of tumor-lung interface by HRCT played an important role in qualitative diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer(≤3.5 cm).The appearance reason relates with the bronchial ventilation that the lesion results in occlusion.

Objective To investigate the signaling cascades involved in the regulatory effects of reactive oxygen species(ROS)on adiponectin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Methods 3T3-L1 cells were cultured and differentiated into mature adipocytes.Adiponectin mRNA expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR.The signaling pathways associated with ROS-decreased adiponectin expression were screened by Bioplex phosphoprotein assays and various protein kinase inhibitors.Results As an important ROS,H_2O_2activated several signaling pathways including extracellular signal regulated protein kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),protein kinase B(Akt),p70 S6 kinase(p70 S6K),and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK/STAT).Akt and JAK/STAT inhibitors completely reversed H_2O_2-decreased adiponectin expression(both P<0.01).Conclusions ROS markedly down-regulates adiponeetin expression in 313-L1 adipocytes by activating Akt and JAK/STAT signaling pathways,which may contribute to the development of obesity and its related diseases.

Objective:To study the functional connectivity (FC) and metabolic effective connectivity (MEC) patterns of the default mode network (DMN) in healthy male adults based on a novel hybrid PET/MR system.Methods:Fifteen healthy male adults with median age of 29 years were recruited locally in Xi′an from January to May 2019. All subjects went through PET/MR scan to get the whole brain 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) and magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) T 1 weighted imaging data. CONN18b and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) 12 softwares were used to analyze data. The voxel-wise FC and FDG metabolic data were extracted within 4 sub-networks of DMN, which included medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and bilateral lateral parietal (LP). The FC and MEC between 4 sub-networks were calculated based on merged resting-state fMRI and metabolic data, and analyzed by one-sample t test separately, with Bonferroni correction. Results:FC pathways were all significant within 4 sub-networks of DMN ( t values: 6.00-7.71, all P<0.008, Bonferroni corrected). Meanwhile, there were significant bi-directional MEC between MPFC and PCC(MPFC to PCC: t=10.03; PCC to MPFC: t=3.73, both P<0.004, Bonferroni corrected), as well as between bilateral LP (LP_L to LP_R: t=5.28; LP_R to LP_L: t=4.76, both P<0.004, Bonferroni corrected). There were significant uni-directional MEC from both MPFC and PCC to bilateral LP ( t values: 3.44-6.93, all P<0.004, Bonferroni corrected). Conclusions:Special FC and MEC patterns exist within DMN. The closely interrelated MPFC and PCC play more important roles in DMN, and they may mediate LP jointly. The novel integrated PET/MR system will bring new perspective on the organization of brain networks, which may deepen the comprehensive understanding of DMN.

Objective Toinvestigatethechangesinbrainfunctionofheroindependentindividualsafternucleusaccumbens(NAC) ablativesurgery.Methods Twenty-fourheroindependentindividualsafterNACablativesurgery(NACgroup),27heroindependent individualsinshort-termabstinence(HDgroup)and32healthycontrol(HCgroup)wereincludedaresting-statefMRIstudy.Amplitudeoflow-frequencyfluctuations(ALFF)valuesofeachparticipantswerecalculated.DiffernecesinALFFvalueamongthethreegroupswere analyzed by One-Way ANOVA .Results Brain regions with statistically significant A L F F differences a m ong the three groups included left cerebellum,rightposteriorcentralgyrus,leftcaudatenucleus,rightmiddlefrontalgyrus,leftcuneusandbilateralinferiortemporal gyrusI.ntherightcentralposteriorgyrus,theALFFvalueofHDgroupwaslowerthanthatofNACandHCgroupI.ntheleftcerebellum,the ALFFvalueofHDgroupwashigherthanthatofNACandHCgrouprespectivelyI.nbilateralinferiortemporalgyrusandleftcaudatenucleus, ALFFvaluesofNACandHDgroupswerelowerthanHCgroup.ALFFvaluesofNACandHDgroupswerehigherthanHCgroup inrightmedialfrontalgyrusandleftcuneus.Conclusion InheroindependentindividualsafterNACablativesurgery,theALFFvaluesofleft cerebellumandrightposteriorcentralgyrustendtobenormal.NodifferenceinALFFvalueinregionsofdefaultmodenetworkbetweenNACand HDgroups.

ObjectiveTo explore the establishment and evaluation methods of the rat model of acute myocardial infarction （AMI） in coronary heart disease with the syndrome of Qi and Yin deficiency by sleep deprivation （SD） combined with isoproterenol （ISO） and preliminarily explore its biological basis. MethodForty SD rats were assigned into normal （no treatment）， SD （treatment in modified multi-platform water environment for 96 h）， ISO （subcutaneous injection of ISO at 100 mg·kg^-1 once every other day for a total of 2 times）， and SD+ISO （injection of 100 mg·kg^-1 ISO after SD for 72 h and 96 h） groups. The cardiac function was detected by small animal echocardiography. The serum levels of creatine kinase （CK）， creatine kinase isoenzyme （CK-MB）， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， and cardiac troponin T （cTnT） were measured by biochemical methods. The pathological changes of the myocardial tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The general state， body weight， grip strength， body temperature， behaviors in open field test， serum levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）， cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP）， cAMP/cGMP ratio， red （R）， green （G）， blue （B） values of the tongue surface， and pulse amplitude were observed and measured to evaluate the modeling results. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to determine the serum levels of interleukin-18 （IL-18）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， corticotropin-releasing factor （CRF）， adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）， triiodothyronine （T3）， tetraiodothyronine （T4）， cluster of differentiation 4 （CD4）， and cluster of differentiation 8 （CD8）. ResultIn terms of disease indicators， the ISO and SD+ISO groups had lower cardiac function indicators than the normal group （P<0.01）. The levels of CK， CM-MB， LDH and cTnT elevated in each model group compared with the normal group （P<0.01）. The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were obvious in the ISO and SD+ISO groups. In terms of syndrome indicators， compared with the normal group， the SD and SD+ISO groups showed decreased body weight at each time point （P<0.01）， and the ISO group showed decreased body weight at the time points of 48 h and 72 h （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The paw temperature and rectal temperature increased in the SD group （P<0.01）. The model groups showed weakened grasp strength， lowered R， G， and B values of the tongue surface （P<0.01）， prolonged immobility time （P<0.01）， reduced total distance and number of entering the central area （P<0.01）， decreased average speed （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and increased cAMP and cGMP （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The cAMP/cGMP ratio was increased in the SD+ISO group （P<0.01）， and the pulse amplitude was decreased in the SD and SD+ISO groups （P<0.01）. In terms of serological indicators，compared with the normal group， the levels of IL-18， TNF-α， SOD and MDA were significantly increased in the ISO and SD+ISO groups （P<0.01）， the CRF， ACTH， CORT， T3， T4， CD4 and CD8 in the model groups were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionSleep deprivation for 96 h combined with high-dose ISO can successfully establish a rat model of acute myocardial infarction in coronary heart disease with the syndrome of Qi and Yin deficiency. The model evaluation system can be built with disease indicators of western medicine， histopathological indicators， macroscopic indicators of traditional Chinese medicine， and serological indicators.