Objective:To study the effect of insulin therapy on glucose concentration in saliva in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM), and to study the relationship between blood glucose level and salivary glucose level.Methods: Glucose concentration in blood and in unstimulated mixed saliva was measured with Beckman SYNCHRON CX7 system in 40 DM patients before and after insulin therapy.Results:The average value(mmol/L) of salivary glucose concentration before and after insulin therapy was 2.081?0.287 and 1.571? 0.193 respectively (P

Objective To explore gene polymorphism of the G/C genotype of-173G/C(rs755622)in the promoter of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)gene in male population,and thus to investigate the relationship between gene polymorphism of MIF and gout.Methods A total of 380 gout patients and 378 healthy controls were enrolled.The possible association between the polymorphism of MIF-173G/C and gout in Chinese were investigated and genotype frequencies and allelic frequencies were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers(PCR-SSP)method.Hardy-Weinberg was used to verify the representativeness of the samples.Comparisons between the groups were performed with x2 test.The gene polymorphism of MIF and gout was performed by t test.Results The frequencies of GG,GC,CC genotypes were 62.1％(236 cases),34.2％(130 cases)and 3.7％(14 cases),respectively among gout patients,while they were 66.5％(252 cases),29.8％(113 cases)and 3.7％(14 cases),respectively among the controls.There was no statistical difference in MIF-173G/C genotype frequencies between gout patients and controls(x2=1.713,P=0.425).The allele frequencies of G and C in gout cases were 79.2％(602 cases)and 20.8％(158cases),while the controls were 81.4％(617 cases)and 18.6％(141 cases),and no significant difference between them could be found(x2=1.148,P=0.302).Combine GG and GC of gout into GG+GC,the association analysis of the two groups showed that,mean age,leves of glucose,TG,TC,BUN,Cr and UA of the GG+GC group and the CC group were(51±13)and(50±15)t=0.369,P=0.712;(7.1±8.8)and(6.1±1.2)mmol/L,t=0.352,P=0.725;(2.3±1.6)and(2.9±3.4)mmol/L,t=-1.207,P=0.228;(5.3±1.2)and(5.7±1.4)mmol/L,t=-1.207,P=0.228;(5.8±2.9)and(6.2±2.2)mmol/L,t=-0.513,P=0.608;(92±52)and(84±17)μmol/L,t=0.537,P=0.592;(472±103)vs(557±154)μmol/L,t=-2.949,P=0.03 respectively;no significant difference was found in the two group.Moreover,no association between MIF-173G/C genotypes and risk factors for gout were detected in gout cases by t-test.Conclusion Results of the present study suggest that the G/C genotype of-173G/C in the promoter of MIF gene is not associated with gout in male population.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of prognosis in elderly patients with septic shock in ICU.Methods Clinical data of 113 elderly patients with septic shock admitted in the ICU of Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital from November 2015 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 40 patients died ( death group) and 73 patients survived (survival group) within 28 d after diagnosis confirmed.The general information ,underlying disease,laboratory findings and invasive operations were compared between the two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for prognosis of patients, and ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of risk factors for death . Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that APACHEII score ( OR ＝1.344, 95%CI 1畅187-1.520,P＜0.01) and lactic acid level at admission (OR＝1.311,95%CI 1.075-1.599,P＜0.01) were independent risk factors for prognosis ,while platelet counts (OR＝0.986,95%CI 0.976-0.996,P＜0畅01)and albumin level(OR＝0.812,95%CI 0.697-0.945,P＜0.01)were protective factors for prognosis. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of APACHEII score ,lactic acid level at admission and APACHEII score combined with lactic acid level at admission were 0.861(95%CI 0.784-0畅919,P＜0畅01),0.752(95%CI 0.662-0.828,P＜0.01) and 0.904(95%CI 0.834-0.951,P＜0.01),respectively. The predictive value of APACHEII score combined with lactic acid level at admission was better than those of APACHEII score and lactic acid level at admission ( Z ＝2.175 and 2.879, P ＜0.05 and P ＜0畅01). Conclusions Lower APACHEII score and lactic acid level ,increased platelet counts and albumin level may be associated with a favorable prognosis for elderly patients with septic shock .APACHEII score combined with lactic acid level at admission has better predictive value for prognosis .

Objective To analyze the risk factors of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients after liver transplantation, and to investigate the prognosis effect of initial RRT treatment time. Methods Clinical data of 132 recipients undergoing organ donation for cardiac death (DCD) allograft orthotopic liver transplantation admitted to Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital and Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital from July 2014 to July 2018 was retrospectively analyzed. AKI was defined and staged by the criteria of Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline in the first 7 days. According to the implementation of RRT, the patients were divided into non-RRT group and RRT group. The differences in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), model for end-stage liver disease with serum sodium (MELD-Na) score, serum creatinine (SCr), and intraoperative norepinephrine (NE) dose, blood loss, fluid infusion, anhepatic phase time, duration of operation between two groups were compared. The statistically significant risk factors of AKI found by univariate analysis were selected and analyzed to find independent risk factors of RRT in AKI patients after liver transplantation with multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the test efficiency of all risk factors of RRT implementation. According to the implementation of RRT on KDIGO stage-2, all the patients on KDIGO stage-2 and stage-3 were divided into early group (initial RRT on KDIGO stage-2) and delayed group (including self-improvement without RRT on KDIGO stage-2 and initial RRT on KDIGO stage-3). The duration of mechanical ventilation, the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, AKI duration, incidence of catheter related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) and 28-day mortality were compared between the two groups. Results All 132 receptors were enrolled in the final analysis, and 77 patients developed AKI, accounting for 58.3%, among which 52 cases were in RRT group (67.5%) and 25 were in non-RRT group (32.5%). As shown by univariate analysis, the MELD-Na score (21.6±4.4 vs. 18.0±4.3), intraoperative NE dose (μg·kg-1·h-1: 7.5±1.2 vs. 5.2±1.7), blood loss [mL: 3 000 (2 200, 4 000) vs. 2 600 (1 800, 3 200)], fluid infusion [mL: 6 400 (4 500, 7 800) vs. 5 600 (4 200, 6 800)], and anhepatic period (minutes: 65.6±4.5 vs. 63.0±5.0) were significantly increased in RRT group as compared with those in non-RRT group (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in gender, age, BMI, SCr before operation or the duration of operation. It was shown by multivariate Logistic regression analysis that MELD-Na score before operation [odds ratio (OR) = 1.398, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.062-1.841, P = 0.017], intraoperative NE dose (OR = 4.724, 95%CI = 2.036-10.961, P = 0.000) and fluid infusion (OR = 1.002, 95%CI = 1.001-1.004, P = 0.010) were independent risk factors of RRT implementation in AKI patients after liver transplantation. It was shown by ROC curve analysis that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of MELD-Na score, NE dose and fluid infusion for predicting the implementation of RRT in AKI patients after liver transplantation was 0.719, 0.867, and 0.670, respectively, which suggesting that NE dose had moderate predictive value, but MELD-Na score and fluid infusion had low predicative value. When the optimal cut-off value of NE dose was 6.5 μg·kg-1·h-1, the sensitivity was 84.6% and the specificity was 80.0%. The 28-day mortality was both 0 in early group (n = 25) and delayed group (n = 39). Compared with the early group, the duration of mechanical ventilation (hours: 41.0±1.0 vs. 35.8±6.7) and the length of ICU stay (hours: 98.8±6.6 vs. 94.2±7.3) were significantly increased in delayed group (both P < 0.05), there was no significant difference in AKI duration (days: 11.8±4.2 vs. 10.6±4.9) or the incidence of CRBSI [5.1% (2/39) vs. 4.0% (1/25), both P > 0.05]. Conclusions MELD-Na score, intraoperative NE dose and fluid infusion were the independent risk factors of RRT implementation in AKI patients after liver transplantation. NE dose had moderate predictive value, but MELD-Na score and fluid infusion had low predicative value. Initial RRT on KDIGO stage-2 could reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of ICU stay.

Objective:To investigate whether endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 ( ERAP1) is a susceptible gene for pre-eclampsia (PE) and the possible mechanism in the pathogenesis. Methods:This retrospective study included 990 PE patients (case group) and 1 240 healthy pregnant women (control group) in six prefecture-level tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province, including the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, from September 2018 to April 2021. Peripheral blood were collected for DNA extraction. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the ERAP1 gene (rs30187, rs27044, and rs469783 loci) were analyzed by Taqman probe polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two missense mutant plasmids, rs30187(c.1583A>G) and rs27044(c.2188C>G), were constructed by point mutation induction based on wild-type plasmids. Six groups (knock-down control, knock-down, over-expression control, over-expression, variant 1 and 2 groups) were set up in this study. After transfecting Htr8 cells with different transfection molecules, the expression of ERAP1 at mRNA and protein levels were detected. Besides, the effects of different transfections on cell function were detected using Transwell migration assay, Transwell invasion assay, cell scratch assay, and CCK-8 assay. Statistical analysis was performed using two independent samples t-test, rank sum test, and Chi-square test. Results:(1) There were significant differences in the genetic distribution of rs30187 (Genotype: χ2=29.25, Allele: χ2=4.68) and rs469783 (Genotype: χ2=7.01, Allele: χ2=6.45) as well as the genotype distribution of rs27044 ( χ2=28.95) between the case group and the control group (all P<0.05). Statistical analysis of the genetic model revealed that rs30187 and rs27044, both recessive models, were statistically different between the two groups with a higher frequency of CC genotypes in the case group ( χ2=20.82 and 19.97, both P<0.05), but a lower frequency in CC dominant gene pattern for rs469783 ( χ2=5.82, P=0.016). (2) Compared with the knock-down control group, the knock-down group showed significantly inhibited expression of ERAP1 (mRNA: 0.5±0.1 vs 1.0±0.0, t=7.49; protein: 0.4±0.1 vs 0.7±0.1, t=2.81; both P<0.05), reduced cell migration rate after 48 h of scratching [(16.5%±1.8%) vs (23.8%±2.4%), t=3.33, P=0.031] and decreased number of cells crossing Transwell chambers after 24 h of culture (423.7±21.3 vs 499.0±24.6, t=3.29, P=0.031). Compared with the over-expression group, variant 1 group and variant 2 group showed significantly inhibited expression of ERAP1 at mRNA (both P<0.001) and protein ( P=0.003 and 0.006) levels after transfection, decreased number of cells crossing Transwell chambers ( P=0.001 and 0.032) and down-regulated cell migration rate after 48 h of scratching [variant 1: P=0.004; variant 2: (21.1±4.6)% vs (28.3±1.1)%, t=2.10, P=0.099]. ERAP1 expression at both mRNA ( P<0.001) and protein ( P=0.008) levels, as well as cell proliferation ( P<0.001) and invasion ability ( P<0.001), were all enhanced in the over-expression group than those in the over-expression control group. Moreover, the migration rate of cells after 48 h of scratching ( P=0.002) and the number of cells crossing Transwell chambers after 24 h of culture ( P=0.001) were also increased. Conclusions:The rs30187, rs27044, and rs46978 on ERAP1 gene were all associated with PE susceptibility, with more carriers of the CC genotype in PE patients at rs30187 and rs27044 loci and more carriers of the CC genotype in healthy gravida at rs469783 locus. ERAP1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of PE by affecting the migratory and invasive ability of trophoblast cells.