Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of miR-183-5p, TβRⅠ and TβRⅡ in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods The mRNA and protein expression of miR-183-5p, TβRⅠ and TβRⅡ were examined in ESCC cell lines ECA-109, TE-1, normal esophageal epithelial cells, tumor tissues and tumor-free tissues from 72 ESCC patients. Their clinical significance and the relationship between miR-183-5p and the latter two were analyzed. The effects of miR-183-5p on the expression of TβRⅠand TβRⅡ in ECA-109 cells and the cell functions of ECA-109 were also investigated. Results Compared with the normal esophageal epithelia cells, ESCC cell lines TE-1 and ECA-109 were statistically characterized by a high expression of miR-183-5p (all P<0.05) and low expression of TβRⅠand TβRⅡ(all P<0.05). The expression of miR-183-5p in ESCC tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues, while the expressions of TβRⅠ and TβRⅡ were lower (all P< 0.05). The expression of miR-183-5p was closely related to sex, tumor differentiation, tumor staging, distant metastasis, lymphatic metastasis, and tumor location (all P<0.05). TβRⅠlevel was associated with sex, lymph node metastasis and tumor size (all P<0.05). Experimental data showed the negative correlation between the expression of miR-183-5p and TβRⅠin ESCC tissues (r= -0.521, P< 0.05). Over expression of miR-183-5p significantly inhibited the expression of TβRⅠ in ECA-109 cells (P< 0.05) and promoted the growth, invasion and metastasis of ECA-109 cells (P< 0.05). Low expression of miR-183-5p significantly promoted the expression of TβRⅠ in ECA-109 cells (P< 0.05), and suppressed the growth, invasion and metastasis of ECA-109 cells (P< 0.05). There was no significant change in the expression of TβRⅡ in the transfection experiments. Conclusion MiR-183-5p is closely related to the abnormal expression of TβRⅠ, which may exert an important role in the progression of lymphatic metastasis.

Objective To study the value of Saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in older inpatients.Methods A total of 163 older patients who were treated with wide-spectrum antibiotics at least three days during January 2014 to December 2015 were randomly divided into control and study group.In study group, 81 patients were administrated with oral Saccharomyces boulardii 500 mg twice a day for 21 days.The control group was of no intervention.Morbidity rate of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, frequency and duration of diarrhea were recorded.Results The incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in study group was significantly lower than that in control group [14.8%(12/81) vs 28.0%(23/82), P<0.05],whereas no difference was seen in the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea [3.7%(3/81) vs 4.9%(4/82), P>0.05] in two groups.The frequency and duration of diarrhea in the study group were significantly lower and shorter than those in control group[(4.3±1.7) times/day vs (6.9±2.0) times/day;(3.0±1.1) days vs (5.7±1.8) days, both P<0.01].Conclusion Saccharomyces boulardii may reduce the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea therefore improving the symptom of diarrhea in older inpatients.

To explore evaluation of echocardiography (ECG) for early change of right ventricular function in aged patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods :A total of 45 aged patients with mild‐moderate stable COPD were selected as COPD group , and another 45 healthy volunteers were regarded as healthy control group .Two‐dimensional ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound indexes were measured and compared be‐tween two groups ,and their correlation were analyzed .Results :Compared with healthy control group ,there were significant rise in right ventricular transverse diameter [RVTD ,(28.03 ± 2.83) mm vs.(37.55 ± 5.44) mm] ,right ventricular wall thickness [RVWT ,(4.79 ± 0.44) mm vs.(5.04 ± 0.66) mm] ,right ventricular myocardial per‐formance index [RVMPI , (0.38 ± 0.06 ) vs .(0.54 ± 0.12 )] , tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient [TRPG , (9. 50 ± 1. 93) vs.(36.87 ± 6.27 )] , tricuspid diastolic peak E／tissue Doppler tricuspid annular diastolic e′[E／e′, (4. 24 ± 0. 72) vs.(6.48 ± 1. 51)] and significant reductions in right ventricular fraction area change [FAC ,(53. 35 ± 5.41)% vs.(40.21 ± 7.24)%] ,tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion [TAPSE ,(20. 78 ± 2.64) vs.(14. 15 ± 2.44)] ,tricuspid early／late diastolic peak flow velocity [E／A , (1.17 ± 0.19 ) vs.(0.73 ± 0.14 )] , and tissue Doppler tricuspid annular systolic peak velocity [DTIs′,(13. 71 ± 1.25) vs.(12.92 ± 1. 70)] in COPD group , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that TRPG was significant positively correlated with RVTD , RVMPI and RVWT ( r＝0. 440～0.830 , P＜0. 01 all) ,and significant inversely correlated with FAC ,TAPSE and DTIs＇( r＝ －0.615～ －0.561 , P＝0.001 all).Conclusion :RVTD ,FAC ,TAPSE ,tricuspid E／A ,E／e＇,RVMPI and TRPG etc .can be used to assess early change of right ventricular function .

Objective Based on the framework of"quantitative analysis of supporting policies",this study focuses on the formulation and implementation of supporting policies for pharmaceutical science and technology innovative enterprises in China,so as to provide a certain reference for the implementation and improvement of policies for pharmaceutical science and technology innovative enterprises in China.Methods This study used Roy Rothwell and Walter Zegveld's innovative policy tools as the basis for analysis,and combined with the dimension of policy type,the policy was quantitatively analyzed.Results A total of 47 effective policy documents were selected,including 22 issued by the state and 25 issued by Beijing municipal government.A total of 104 policy instruments were included through the dismantling of policy provisions.Specifically,environment-based policy tools accounted for the highest proportion(60.58%),while demand-based and supply-based policy tools were relatively few.From the perspective of policy types,there were more planning policy documents(25 articles),while there were relatively few specific implementation policies(22 articles).Conclusion It is necessary to focus on optimizing the formulation stage of support policies and improving the use of supply-oriented and demand-oriented policy tools to better meet the needs of pharmaceutical science and technology innovative enterprises.

Objective To investigate an approach for locating the operation target of deep brain stimulation (DBS) (subthalamic nucleus,STN) based on the center of the red nucleus (RN).Methods Sixteen adults,including 8 with Parkinson' s disease (PD) and 8 from healthy volunteers,collected in our hospital from September 2012 to September 2013,were chosen; transverse T2-weighted MRI (3.0T) was performed.On the layer of the RN's maximum diameter,a right triangle was formed by three lines:the first one (marked as line AB) was the acknowledged 12 mm line,the second one (marked as line AC) was connected by the operation target and the RN center,and the third one (marked as line BC) was connected by the anterior commissure (AC) and posterior commissure (PC).The angle (marked as α) formed by the AC-PC plane and line AC and the length of the line BC (marked as b) were measured and analyzed.Results The average length of the RN diameter in 16 adults was (0.93±0.05) cm in the left cerebral hemisphere and (0.92±0.03) cm in the right.The length of line b was (0.81 ±0.09) cm in the left and (0.82±0.06) cm in the right.The angle α was (56.76±2.87)° in the left and (55.98±2.30)° in the right.The RN diameter,length of line b and angle α in patients from PD group showed no significant differences as compared with those in the normal controls (P＞0.05).Conclusion The RN center can be used for indirectly locating STN before DBS for PD treatment.

Objective:This article analyzed the current situation, similarities and differences and main problems of the registration and management systems of innovative medical devices in China and the United States.Methods:This article summarized the requirements and policies for the registration management of innovative medical devices in China and the United States, as well as the development and differences of the registration of innovative medical devices in China and the United States, and the main problems in the registration management of innovative medical devices in China.Results:At present, the development level of medical device industry in China and the United States was different, facing different development problems, and there were differences in the access standards and management methods of innovative medical devices. The registration management system established for innovative medical devices in China was gradually improving, and to a certain extent, it had promoted the enthusiasm of innovative product research and development and registration applications, but there were also problems such as unclear innovation evaluation scales, insufficient early intervention of review resources, and insufficient utilization of post-marketing data.Conclusions:Drawing on the beneficial experience of breakthrough device registration management in the United States, we will improve the registration management system for innovative products and shorten the review and approval cycle by clarifying the identification criteria for innovative medical devices, promoting the placement of review resources in the R&D stage, and further strengthening the use of post-marketing data and regulatory scientific research.

Objective To investigate the displacement characteristics of intraoperative and postoperative positions of electrodes on CT imaging for bilateral subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods A retrospective analysis on preoperative MR imaging,intraoperative and postoperative CT images of 35 patients with PD treated with STN-DBS in our hospital from January 2014 to June 2018 was performed.A three-dimensional coordinate system was established based on preoperative MR imaging.MR imaging/CT fusion technique was used to fuse intraoperative and postoperative CT images with preoperative MR imaging to locate intraoperative and postoperative electrode positions.The displacement characteristics of intraoperative and postoperative electrodes were analyzed.Results The spatial distance between intraoperative and postoperative positions of bilateral electrodes was about 1 mm,and the depth displacement was minimal.The postoperative position of the first side electrode on lateral axis was shifted outwardly from intraopemtive position,and the second side electrode was shifted internally with a small degree;on anterior-posterior axis,the first side electrode obviously shifted backward,and the second side electrode slightly shifted backward.For bilateral electrodes,corresponding coordinate deviation of three axis between intraoperative electrode-preoperative target and postoperative electrode-preoperative target,showed a significant positive linear correlation,therefore,leading out the coordinate deviation regression function model.Conclusions The displacement of electrodes between intraoperative and postoperative positions has obvious rules after STN-DBS in PD,which can guide the adjustment of intraoperative electrode position and predict the postoperative position of electrode.