A large number of studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs) display abnormallity in organisms exposed to toxic chemicals,carcinogens and heavy metals.In this paper,the relationships between IncRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs),the expressions of IncRNAs in organisms exposed to different exogenous toxic chemicals and the related toxicological mechanism are reviewed in order to provide reference for biological monitoring with IncRNAs in environmental toxicology.