Objective: To investigate the difference in behavioral characteristics among different phenotypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), so as to provide insights into clinical differentiation of behavioral characteristics among different phenotypes of ADHD. Methods: The children with ADHD admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University were enrolled and classified into the inattentive type (ADHD-I), hyperactive/impulsive type (ADHD-HI) and combined type (ADHD-C). The reaction time (RT) was measured using integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test, and the mean (RT-mean) and standard deviation of RT (RT-SD) were estimated. In addition, the ALFF was calculated at 0.010 to 0.027, 0.027 to 0.073, 0.073 to 0.167 Hz, and the difference of ALFF was compared among children with different types of ADHD. Results: A total of 107 children with ADHD were enrolled, including 95 boys and 12 girls, with a mean age of (8.89±1.93) years. There were 69 children with ADHD-I, 8 children with ADHD-HI and 30 children with ADHD-C. The RT-SD was significantly higher among children with ADHD-C than among children with ADHD-I [(126.003±51.619) ms vs. (97.720±45.302) ms; P=0.007]; however, there was no significant difference in RT-mean among children with various ADHD phenotypes (F=1.386, P=0.255). There was an interaction between frequency and ADHD phenotypes (F=2.754, P=0.032), and the ALFF was significantly higher among children with ADHD-C than among children with ADHD-I at 0.010 to 0.027 [(5 590.567±231.595) ms vs. (4 694.001±154.397) ms; P=0.002] and 0.073 to 0.167 Hz [(4 312.609±174.709) ms vs. (3 690.805±116.473) ms; P=0.005]. Conclusions The ALFF varies in ADHD phenotypes, and there is a frequency-specific difference.

Objective To investigate the syndrome type distribution of hypertensive patients; To analyze the correlation of characteristics of HRV time domain parameters and its influence factors. Methods Totally 515 cases of hypertensive patients were included and were put under syndrome type distribution. Demographic information, laboratory test parameters, risk factors and clinical symptoms were collected for correlation analysis. HRV time domain parameters were recorded by using 24 h ambulatory electrocardiogram. The differences in SDNN, SDNN Index, HRV Index, PNN50, and RMSSD of different TCM syndrome types were compared. Results Among 515 patients: 160 cases with hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency syndrome, 136 cases with turbid phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, 83 cases with overabundant liver-fire syndrome, 69 cases with deficiency of kidney qi, and 67 cases with abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome. By comparing different TCM syndromes, the level of SDNN was significantly reduced in the hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency syndrome, overabundant liver-fire syndrome,deficiency of kidney qi syndrome compared with turbid phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome (P<0.05); SDNN Index and HRV Index decreased significantly in the hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency and overabundant liver-fire syndrome compared with abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome (P<0.05). SDNN Index decreased significantly in the deficiency of kidney qi compared with abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome (P<0.05). The level of PNN50 was significantly reduced in the deficiency of kidney qi compared with hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency syndrome (P<0.05). RMSSD decreased significantly in the hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency syndrome, deficiency of kindney qi syndrome, overabundant liver-fire syndrome compared with turbid phlegm and blood stasis syndrome (P<0.05). Discriminant analysis showed that SBP, DBP, MBPS, SDNN, SDNN Index, HRV Index, PNN50, RMSSD were correlated with the diagnosis of five syndrome types. Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors including gender (female), insomnia, elevated systolic blood pressure, MBPS, decreased SDNN Index and PNN50 were positively correlated to hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency; other factors including gender (female), advanced age, elevated blood pressure, decreased SDNN, HRV Index and RMSSD were positively correlated with turbid phlegm and blood stasis syndrome. And the study also showed that advanced age, family history of hypertension, elevated blood pressure, decreased SDNN Index, HRV Index and PNN50 were positively correlated to abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome. Conclusion HRV time domain parameters can be significantly reduced in the hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency, overabundant liver-fire syndrome, and deficiency of kidney qi syndrome. The autonomic nerve function is damaged seriously. Hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency syndrome, abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome turbid phlegm and blood stasis syndrome are closely related to the influencing factors that lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine as a booster dose.Methods:A new immunogen, namely RBD-sc-trimer, was designed by tandem repeating of single receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein to mimic the trimeric form of RBD presented by the virus. The RBD-sc-trimer protein was expressed as a His-tagged fusion protein using a baculovirus expression system and purified by nickel affinity column. The purified protein was identified by Western blot. Its in vitro binding activity to human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) was analyzed by ELISA. The immunogenicity of RBD-sc-trimer as well as RBD proteins of other forms including RBD dimer (RBD-Fc), RBD monomer (RBD) and S protein trimer (S trimer) as a booster dose was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Results:In terms of both binding and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, RBD-sc-trimer showed an immunogenicity that was superior to that of RBD-Fc and RBD and close to the level of S trimer. The antibody response induced by RBD-sc-trimer was characterized as Th1-biased. Moreover, it displayed a stronger cross-neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 Beta, Delta and Omicron variants. The titer of neutralizing antibody against Omicron induced by RBD-sc-trimer only decreased by 9.1 folds relative to the prototype strain, while the antibody response induced by RBD-Fc and S trimer decreased by 68.4 and 70.8 folds, respectively.Conclusions:The recombinant protein, RBD-sc-trimer, which was capable of eliciting stronger humoral response in mice as a booster dose and showed the superiority in raising cross-reactive antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants over non-trimeric RBD forms, should be considered as an optimal immunogen for the development of more effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Objective: To establish the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for detection of variola virus. Methods: One set of primers were designed for recognizing 5 distinct sequences on variola virus-specific gene HA. To optimize the reaction temperature and primers screening, and the sensitivity and specificity of this method for variola virus (VARV) detection were evaluated. Results: Rapid detection of variola virus by LAMP assay was completed within 60 min at 63 ℃. The sensitivity of LAMP with detection limits of 1 pg/μl was 10 times higher than that of PCR, that is, the LAMP sensitivity was 3.37×10⁵ copies/μl, and the PCR sensitivity was 3.37×10⁶ copies/μl. and the result of 2 kinds of other virus were negative, showing that it had a good specificity. Conclusions The method reported here demonstrates a potential and valuable means for detection of VARV. The LAMP assay is suitable for wide-area sample screening and on-site detection of variola virus in grassroots units, for on-site and primary quarantine, medical units for rapid diagnosis.