Wnt proteins,its receptors and regulators compose complex signaling pathways which are closely related to embryonic development,cell proliferation and differentiation,as well as tumour generation.In recent years,the involvement of Wnt signaling pathways in hepatocarcinogenesis has drawn the attention of international medical circles and been studied intensively.In this review,we summaries the interaction between Wnt signaling pathways and its regulators,the relationship between Wnt signaling pathways and cancerogenesis,angiogenesis,invasion and metabasis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the distribution properties of multifocal pattern visual evoked potential across visual field. Methods Multifocal pattern visual evoked potentials(VEP) of 14 normals were measured with VERIS Science TM 4.0. The visual stimuli were dart board 60 with patterns which consisted of 60 patches arranged in dart board configuration spanning a 26? visual field. The temporal modulation of each patch was controlled by a special type of pseudorandom sequence called binary m-sequence. The electrodes were placed at equal distances 2 cm inferior to and 2 cm superior to and straddling the inion . The first slice of the second order kernel for each stimulus patch was analysed. The 60 patches were grouped into several sectors. The summed responses of these sectors were analysed and compared. Results Compared with that of the lower hemifield, the polarity of the multifocal VEP of the upper hemifield was reverse, and the latency delayed, the response density decreased. With the eccentricity increased, the response density of the multifocal VEP decreased. The properties of the multifocal VEP of the horizontal sectors were different from that of the vertical sectors. Conclusion VEP of many locations within visual field could be recorded simultaneously in a short time with the method of mutifocal VEP. The multifocal VEP showed different properties in different sectors within visual field.

Objective To assess the value of spiral and cine CT for the diagnosis of foreign body in trachea in children. Methods Fifty-one consecutive pediatric patients suspected of aspirating radiolucent foreign body underwent chest radiography, 12 of them underwent three-dimensional spiral CT and cine CT scan within 24 h before rigid bronchoscopy. Results Rigid bronchoscopy showed foreign bodies in the main bronchus or bronchus intermedius of 42 patients, while spiral CT localized airway foreign bodies in the same patients. In the remaining 9 patients without foreign body found by rigid bronchoscopy, 6 were true-negative and 3 were false-positive on CT, making the overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of CT scans was 100% (95% confidence interval, 91%-100%), 66.67% (29%-92%), 94.12% (64%-99%), 93.33% (81%-98%) and 100% (54%-100%), respectively. The cine CT scan correctly diagnosed 9 of 12 patients as true-positive and 3 as true-negative with identification of air trapping and secondary lung changes. Conclusion CT may be used in airway foreign body management of pediatric patients, especially with diagnostic dilemmas, and further prospective evaluations should be considered to assess its overall efficacy.

Grey system analysis method was used to study the correlation between water pollution in D Lake area and death rate of malignancy with death rate of malignancy as effect sequence and a variety of water pollution index as factor sequence. On the basis of grey correlation analysis, grey system predication model was established for death rate of malignancy in population in D Lake area including GM(1, N) model for death rate of malignancy [MR(t+1) = (9.9987E1 + 5.0001E2 + 10.8994E3 + 1.1114E4 + 165.1029) x e(-0.0070t) - 9.9987E1 - 5.0001E2 - 10.8994E3 - 1.1114E4] and GM(1, 1) model for related factors [E1(t+1) = 52.1214 - 46.9468e(-0.0058t), E2(t+1) = 4.6114 - 4.5664e(0.0015t), E3(t+1) = 1.1389 - 1.1212e(0.0065t), E4(t+1) = 554.5867 - 549.8006e(0.0016t)], and the trend of death rate of malignancy from 2000 to 2010 was predicted.
China/epidemiology ; Models, Theoretical ; Neoplasms/*mortality ; Water Pollution/*adverse effects

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies threatening men's health, and the mechanisms underlying its initiation and progression are poorly understood. Last decade has witnessed encouraging progress in the studies of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which are considered to play important roles in tumor initiation, recurrence and metastasis, castration resistance, and drug resistance. Therefore, a deeper insight into PCSCs is of great significance for the successful management of prostate cancer. This article presents an overview on the location, origin, and markers of PCSCs as well as their potential correlation with tumor metastasis and castration resistance.
Disease Progression ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; etiology ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; etiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effects of minimal invasion and closed reduction with external fixation in treating elderly femoral intertrochanteric fracture.

METHODSFrom August 2007 and September 2013, 43 patients with elderly femoral intertrochanteric fracture were treated by minimal invasion and closed reduction with external fixation. There were 26 males and 17 females with an average age of 78 years old ranging from 68 to 92 years. Durations from injury to operation ranged from 1 to 8 days with an average of 3 days. According to AO classification, there were 22 cases with type A1, 15 with type A2, 6 with type A3. The time of bone healing were observed after operation and the clinical effects were evaluated by Harris scoring standard.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 10 to 18 months with an average of 13 months. The incisions obtained one-stage healing after removal of external fixation. All the fractures were healed and the mean healing time was 16 weeks (ranged, 12 to 18 weeks). Two patiens complicated with the thread needle loosening in the femoral trochanteric, 2 cases with the hip varus deformity and 1 case with the delayed union. No bone nonunion, external fixer breakage, blood vessel or nerve damage were found. According to the Harris scoring standard,the average Harris score of hip joint function was 85.89±7.36, and 18 cases got excellent results, 19 good.

CONCLUSIONMinimal invasion and closed reduction with external fixation can obtain satisfactory results in treating elderly femoral intertrochanteric fractures. It is a simple and effective method for elderly patients who cannot tolerate anesthesia and surgery trauma.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods

RNA interference(RNAi) is an high efficient,specific gene silencing.The discovery process of RNAi and its mechanism was reviewed.In the further,RNAi will play important roles in characterizing new genes in the metabolic pathways,improving plant nutritional value,enhancing plant resistance and creating new varieties.

Objective To study the expressions of heat shock protein 27(HSP27)in brain tissue and the changes of antibody of HSP27 in serum after transient cerebral ischemic reperfusion in gerbils.Methods A cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in gerbils was established by clamping both common carotids.Sixty gerbils were randomly divided into normal control group,sham operation group and ischemia-reperfusion(IR)group.The expressions of HSP27 in brain tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry technique and the changes of antibody of HSP27 were detected by ELISA technique at the 6th hour,1st day,3rd and 7th day after IR.Experimental results were analyzed with the statistic soft package of Spss11.5.Results Experimental results revealed that HSP27 were expressed in neurons and gliacytes of the brain tissue in the 60 gerbils.There was mild expressions of HSP27 in neurons and gliacytes in normal control group and sham operation group, but it has no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Compared with normal control group,the expressions of HSP27 in neurong and gliacytes of ischemia-reperfusion gerbils were evidently increased at the 6th hour,1st day,3rd day and 7th day,especially at the 3rd day(P＜0.01).Conclusions Expressions of HSP27 in neurons and gliacytes of gerbils were increased markedly.This suggested that the increased expressions of HSP27 could protect the brain tissue from damage.The changes of antibody in serum of normal control group,sham operation group were evidently less than that in group IR,which suggest the HSP27 antibody may damage our body.

Child ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; therapy ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Plasma Exchange

Objective To explore the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of cardiac neoplasm.Methods Between January 2007 and December 2011,18F-FDG PET/CT was performed in 8649 patients in our hospital,and 14 (0.16％ ; 11 males,3 females,average age 46.9 (35-68) years) patients were diagnosed with cardiac neoplasm.18F-FDG PET/CT data of those 14 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Final diagnoses were confirmed by either histopathology (n =5) or follow-up (n =9).Results Accurate tumor localization and diagnoses were made by 18 F-FDG PET/CT in all 14 patients.Among them,13 were malignant (2(14.3％,2/14) primary and 11(78.6％,11/14) metastatic tumors (8 HCC,2 lung cancer,1 esophageal cancer) ; SUVmax 3.2-10.7) and 1 (7.1％,1/14) was benign (myxoma).Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT is useful for the detection and staging of primary malignant and metastatic cardiac neoplasms.