The genus Iris belongs to the family Iridaceae and comprises of over 300 species and fifteen species of genus Iris are found in Mongolia. Iris has long history of use in various indigenous systems of medicine as alternative aperients, stimulant, cathartic, diuretic, gall bladder diseases, liver complaints, dropsy, purification of blood, venereal infections, fever and bilious infections and for a variety of heart diseases. Rhizomes of Iris are rich source of secondary metabolites and most of these metabolites are reported to possess anticancer, antiplasmodial, anticholinesterase, enzyme inhibitor and immunomodulatory properties. Approximately more than two hundred compounds have been reported from the genus Iris, which includes flavones, isoflavones, glycocides, benzoquinones, triterpinoids, stilbene glycosides and organic acids. In this article, we reviewed the published results of phytochemical and pharmacological studies of some Iris species which are grown in Mongolia.

Purpose: The document outlines the preferred methods for collecting blood from laboratory animals and blood collection volume and frequency limits. Blood collection for experimental purposes must comply with researchers of the Drug research institute (DRI) approved protocol, including approved collection techniques, volumes, and frequencies. The Department of Pharmacology researchers train investigators in various collection techniques. The researcher may collect blood for veterinary care purposes using accepted clinical techniques ensuring volumes collected do not adversely affect animal health. Blood Collection Limits: The DRI limits one time survival blood collection to 7.5% of an animal’s blood volume in most circumstances. Serial blood sampling limit vary by species, strain and frequency of blood collection. The DRI may require monitoring for anemia (using assays such as hematocrit and/or serum protein levels) when repeated collection of larger volumes are required. Blood collected for diagnostics or other veterinary procedures must be considered when evaluating total volume available for experimental use. In all cases blood collection volumes should be limited to the minimum volume that will allow for successful experimentation or diagnostics.

The Ellipin, derived from bovine liver, is a newly developed agent containing several important fattyacids and may have anticancer effects on cancer cell in vitro culture. This Ellipin preparation containmany PUFAs and those are important molecules for membrane order and function; they can modifyinflammation-inducible cytokines production, eicosanoid production, plasma triacylglycerol synthesisand gene expression. Recent studies suggest that anti-proliferation effect on in vitro cancerous cell linese.g. J62, Raji, Hela, K582, and in vivo it minimized and decreased the growth of U14 cervical cancer inmice and suppressed the growth of its S37 sarcoma cells, increased the area of dead cancer cells, anddecreased the angiogenesis. Also it can be cancer chemopreventive and auxiliary agents for cancertherapy. The Ellipin could alter cancer growth influencing cell replication, cell cycle, and cell death.However, the effects of the Ellipin function on tumor growth in vivo have not been studied completlyand the mechanisms remain unclear. The question that remains to be answered is how, which pathwayEllipin can affect so many molecular ways inside cancer cell. We hypothesize that Ellipin’s mixture ofunsatured fatty acids effect inductor molecules in cancer gene which inhibits a repressor protein bindingto promotor and synthesis signaling molecules (caspase protein, TNF- ¹) in liver cancer cell. Also italter membrane stability and modifing cellular signalling.

IntroductionSea buckthorn is known to be one of the vitamin-rich berries in the plant kingdom and has beencredentialed as highly valued for healthy living, improving well-being, enhancing lifestyle, and preventingthe disease. Widely recognized in Northern regions of Europe and Asia, Hippophae rhamnodes hasbeen used medicinally for thousands of years. Both of seed and pulp oil have tocopherols, carotinoids,as well as ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acid families. The seed oil is highly unsaturated, with proportions of linoleic(C 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic (C18:3n-3) acids between 30-40% and 20-35%, respectively, whereas thepulp oil is more saturated containing high amounts of palmitoleic (C16:1n-7, 16-54%) and palmitic acids(16:0,17-47%). Many researchers including Laagan B., Avdai Ch., Tsendeekhuu Ts., Vernik S. R.,Jamyansan Y., Badamkhand D., Odonmajig P have determined content of berry, fatty acid compositionof sea buckthorn pulp and seed oil since 1970 in Mongolia. However, total fat and fatty acids compositionof Hippophae rhamnodes general is known, limited reports exist dealing with comparative differencesin fatty acid composition of Hippophae rhamnodes grown in Mongolia. Therefore, we analyzed thecomposition of fatty acids pulp oil and seed oil in sea buckthorn grown in Mongolia.Materials and MethodsPulp and seed oil were produced in Monos Food Co Ltd., and fatty acid methyl ester were analyzedusing Agilent Packard Gas Chromatograph (GC) (Model HP-6890 Agilent Packard) with mass-spectrumdetector (Model HP MSD 5973N).ResultThe results indicated that unsaturated fatty acids in the seed oil (85.4%) and in pulp oil (62.5%) arehigher than saturated fatty acids of seed oil (14.6%) and pulp oil (37.1%) respectively. The mostimportant factor defining the nutritional value of oil is ratio of unsaturated fatty acids present in oil. Theseed oil contains palmitic acid (10.8%), oleic acid (20.3%), limoleic acid (42.9%), α-linolenic acid (5.6%),Eicosadienoic acid (14.7%). Pulp oil of Hippophae rhamnodes has palmitic acid (35.4%), palmitoleicacid (38.5%), oleic acid (including Vaccenic acid) (6.6%) and linoleic acid (10.4%). The palmitic acid andpalmitoleic acid ratio in pulp oil was more than in seed oil. While oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenicacid in seed oil have a higher ratio than that of pulp oil. It shows that unsaturated fatty acids in seed oilare much higher than pulp oil.ConclusionUnsaturated fatty acids in the pulp oil contain 62.5%, including essential fatty acid ω-3, 6, 9 (18.2%);it is content of 29.12% in unsaturated fatty acids. While, unsaturated fatty acids of seed oil contains85.4% in total fatty acid and essential fatty acid contains 96.72% in unsaturated fatty acid. It can thus beconcluded that seed oil is better than pulp oil because the former contains essential fatty acid.

Purpose: The document outlines the preferred methods for collecting blood from laboratory animals and blood collection volume and frequency limits. Blood collection for experimental purposes must comply with researchers of the Drug research institute (DRI) approved protocol, including approved collection techniques, volumes, and frequencies. The Department of Pharmacology researchers train investigators in various collection techniques. The researcher may collect blood for veterinary care purposes using accepted clinical techniques ensuring volumes collected do not adversely affect animal health.Blood Collection Limits: The DRI limits one time survival blood collection to 7.5% of an animal’s blood volume in most circumstances. Serial blood sampling limit vary by species, strain and frequency of blood collection. The DRI may require monitoring for anemia (using assays such as hematocrit and/or serum protein levels) when repeated collection of larger volumes are required. Blood collected for diagnostics or other veterinary procedures must be considered when evaluating total volume available for experimental use. In all cases blood collection volumes should be limited to the minimum volume that will allow for successful experimentation or diagnostics.

BackgroundPanax ginseng is one of the most important medicinal plants in Asia. Triterpene saponins(ginsenosides) are the main bioactive compounds in P.ginseng. The present study investigated thegrowth characteristics of ginsenoside content in the leaves and roots of Panax ginseng at differentgrowth stages (from 1 and 4 years). Analysis was P.ginseng leaves and roots indicated the presenceof two ginsenosides (Rg1 and Rb1) content of Rg1 was higher than Rb1.Aim: The main aim of this study was determine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)ginsenoside Rg1 an Rb1 of P.ginseng grown in Mongolia.Materials and MethodsLeaves and roots of different ages of P.ginseng were collected at October of 2015 in field of Umnugoviprovince, Mongolia. Collected samples were dried and powdered. Samples were extracted with70% EtOH, water saturated butanol and methanol. The extract was filtrated through filter paper(whatman No.42) and evaporated vacuum rotor. The evaporated extract was resuspended with theMethanol. It stored in room temperature and resuspended mobile phase use for HPLC analysis.The two ginsenosides were analyzed using HPLC system of a model (DGU-20A3r Shimadzu) andcolumn was Octadecylsilane 5μm I-150mm, D-4.6mm, detector was UV 204 nm. The sample wasinjected (20μl) and applied gradient elution was as follows British pharmacopeia.ResultsGinsenosides levels were much higher in the 4 ages roots compared with the 1 ages roots.Ginsenoside amounts in P.ginseng organs changed depending on the specific time during thevegetation season the samples were taken. This study found that the highest content of thesemetabolites-2.082% (butanol extract) occurred in the roots. Our study was independently of thevegetation season. These were Rb1 and Rg1, with values Rg1 was 0.7-2.082% and Rb1 was 0.002-0.03%.ConclusionGinsenosides are generally distributed throughout all the parts of the ginseng plant. We found thatthe highest Ginsenoside Rg1 content accumulated during the first year of growth then decreaseduntil four year.

Introduction. Monos Group, Drug Research Institute is starting to investigate of Ellipin preparationfrom the mid-1990s, Ellipin has anti cancer activity in liver and several studies were investigated withscientists from Japan and China. Especially Hayashi K., Khurelbaatar L and Ambaga M were determinedanti-cancer action of the preparation and they were explained of mechanism of action, which apoptosisis seduced by influence of unsaturated fatty acids in tumor cells. However, changes of fatty acidscomposition at production stage were did not study yet. Therefore, we studied that composition of fattyacids in different term of production stage and compared of Ellipin dense substance.Materials and Methods. Samples of study were collected from production stage of “Ellipin” series130304, which was tacked in 48th hour, 120th hour of production. Each sample was dried at freezedryer “Labconco freezone12L” in Drug Research Institute. Total lipids of sample were extracted withchloroform: methanol (2: 1 v/v) according to Folch et al. Fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed usingAgilent Packard Gas Chromatograph (GC) (Model HP-6890 Agilent Packard) with mass-spectrumdetector (Model HP MSD 5973N) of Buryat State University, in Ulan-Ude.Results. Ellipin preparation is derived from bovine liver, and which is based on homogenization of bovineliver for isotonic. In this process, unsaturated fatty acids were extracted in organic solution. We studiedchanges which saturated and unsaturated fatty acids of bovine liver in process of homogenization andconsist of each fatty acid contents of end product. Results have shown that unsaturated fatty acidswere decreased by 0.4-44% till 120th hour of homogenization process. While, there were decreasedby 4-12% in the end product, although, ω-6 fatty acids were increased by 13.1-38.4%. Moreover, 25saturated fatty acids and 12 unsaturated fatty acids were detected in the Ellipin dense substance (endproduct). Hence, 67.5% of total fatty acid was saturated fatty acids, 32.5% was unsaturated fatty acidsin the Ellipin dense substance. Resent results and results of previous studies indicated that Ellipindense substance may contains saturated fatty acids on in average 50.34%, unsaturated fatty acids onin average 49,32%, respectively.Conclusion. Proportion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in Ellipin production was about 2:1.Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids were found 25 and 12, respectively. Saturated fattyacids were gradually decreased and unsaturated fatty acids were slowly increased in production period,which from 48th hour of production-conveyer till end product. Moreover, content of ω-3-6-9 fatty acidswas consist 83,9-87,5% of total unsaturated fatty acid.

BackroundTerritory of Mongolia is spread over seven natural ecological zones and it has harsh continental climate. Mongolia is one of the most sparsely populated country on the World. The study was done among residents of the Khovd province and its subprovinces as representations of Altai mountain region. The study was focused on clarifying relavance of health status scores of a population with geographical and ecologicalspecifics of the places they live.Goal:To determine BA, grades of aging and health status scores among population (30-69 years) of mountain regions.Materials and Methods:In total 1119 persons were chosen for the research study, which was conducted in 2011. Quantative data of the study has been processed with the use of statistical data processing software SPSS-19.Results14.4% - 94.1% of male in all age groups had health problems. In all age groups 55.9%-85.5% of male and 43.9%-78.4% of female had adaptation functional tension. Conclusions: Aging for women of all age groups was significantly slowed or slowed. Aging for men of 30-49 ages it was accelerated, for men of 50-69 years aging was normal or slightly slowed. The portion of people with adaptation functional tension was greater in all age groups. Most of the women in the age group of 60-69 years had unsatisfactory adaptation. Health status of male is significantly at a lower level compare to female.

Objective: Mathematical modeling of reference values of internal organs of Mongolians (in vitro) and compare them with results of two and three-dimensional ultrasound measurements.Materials and Methods: Mathematical modeling was done with the methods of interpolation. Ultrasound measurements of internal organs were made with common methods of standard planes and results were analyzed. The basis of mathematical modeling to convert reference values of organs to values of organs in live conditions (in vitro) was elaborated. For example: Heart was modeled with double cylindrical volume with convex surface. Liver was modeled with triangle pyramid (tetrahedron) with concave and convex surface. Kidney was modeled with the shape of rotating ellipse with convex and hollow surface. Spleen was modeled with the shape of cutting pyramid with concave and convex surface. Pancreas was modeled with the shape of cylinder with convex surface. Gallbladder was modeled with the shape of cutting cone with spherical bottom. Following formulas were defined and used for modeling:Where: V-volume, r-modelled average value of 3 dimensions radius of rotation, k-coefficient for converting volume of mathematical models to original volume, P-perimeter, S-calculated bottom square with formula Guron, ϱ- density of tissue, h - height, a - length, b - width, c -thickness, r 1; r2 ;r3 – average value of radius, m - mass, I- total length. Results: Comparative analysis of the volume of internal organs of adult Mongolians determined with the help of mathematical modeling with the volume established with 2D ultrasound linear measurements revealed no statistically significant difference between parenchymal organs and revealed statistically significant difference between other organs (P<0.001).

IntroductionA hangover is the experience of various unpleasant physiological and psychological effects followingconsumption of alcohol beverages, which can last for more than 24 hours. Common symptoms ofhangover are headache, gastrointestinal complaints, sweating, hyper-excitability, dry mouth, anorexia,diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue and vertigo. Alcohol or ethanol gets metabolized to an intermediate product,acetaldehyde, by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and then acetaldehyde is converted toacetate by a second enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Acetaldehyde causes toxic effects,such as high pulse, rate, sweating and vomiting. In most people, ALDH metabolizes acetaldehydequickly and effi ciently, so that this intermediate metabolite does not accumulate in high concentrations.Many treatments are described to prevent hangover, shorten its duration, and reduce the severity of itssymptoms, including innumerable folk remedies and recommendations.GoalThis study was conducted to investigate whether anti-hangover preparation has a protective effectagainst acute alcohol induced hangover in Wistar rats.Materials and MethodsMale and female Wistar line rats, weighing 180-210g were used for hangover model or ethanolmetabolism experiment. Rats were administered orally ethanol as 38% aqueous solution with feedingneedle, 1 ml/200g body weight. The anti-hangover preparation was administered 1 hour before ethanolconsumption. Blood was collected from the tail vein for the measurement of serum acetate andacetaldehyde at just before and 8, 16, 24 hour after ethanol administration.Statistical analysis: All value expressed as mean S.E obtained from n number of experiments.ResultFrom this study results summarize that the anti-hangover preparations decreased blood serum acetateand acetaldehyde levels as compared to control. Anti-hangover preparations enhanced acetaldehydeand acetate metabolism.Conclusion: These fi ndings indicate that anti-hangover preparations may exert benefi cial role inthe treatment of alcohol hangover without any toxicity. Therefore, the content of acetaldehyde wasdecreasing and increasing through repeating 8 hours within 24 hours.