Objective    To retrospectively analyze the surgical treatment of Stanford type A aortic dissection after coronary artery stenting, and to explore the surgical techniques and surgical indications. Methods    Clinical data of 1 246 consecutive patients who underwent operations on Stanford type A aortic dissection from April 2016 to July 2019 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection after coronary artery stenting were enrolled. Results    Finally 19 patients were collected, including 16 males and 3 females with an average age of 54±7 years ranging from 35 to 66 years. There were 11 patients in acute phase, 15 patients with AC (DeBakey Ⅰ) type and 4 patients with AS (DeBakey Ⅱ) type. In AC type, there were 10 patients receiving Sun's surgery and 5 patients partial arch replacement. Meanwhile, coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 7 patients and mitral valve replacement in 1 patient. Stents were removed from the right coronary artery in 4 patients. In this group, 1 patient died of multiple organ failure in hospital after operation combined with malperfusion of viscera. Eighteen patients recovered after treatment and were discharged from hospital. The patients were followed up for 30 (18-56) months. One patient underwent aortic pseudoaneurysm resection, one thoracic endovascular aortic repair, one emergency percutaneous coronary intervention due to left main artery stent occlusion, and one underwent femoral artery bypass due to iliac artery occlusion. Conclusion    Iatrogenic aortic dissection has a high probability of coronary artery bypass grafting at the same time in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection after coronary artery stenting. Complicated type A aortic dissection after percutaneous coronary intervention should be treated with surgery aggressively.

Objective:To observe the expression level of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (bone morphogenetic protein 9,BMP9) in patients with sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS), and to explore the role of BMP9 in early recognition and prognosis prediction of sepsis-associated ARDS.Methods:From May 2022 to May 2023, total of 56 patients with sepsis-associated ARDS in Shanxi Bethune Hospital were selected as the ARDS group, 49 patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema as the case control group, and 46 adults who underwent physical examination in the physical examination center of our hospital as the healthy control group.The patients in the ARDS group were followed up for 28 days and divided into survival group ( n = 26) and death group ( n = 30). The expression level of serum BMP9 and its correlation with clinical indicators in each group were analyzed and compared. The risk factors of sepsis-associated ARDS were analyzed by Logistic regression, and the diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value of related indicators were analyzed. Results:The serum level of BMP9 in sepsis-associated ARDS group [1401.14 (856.59,1982.86) ]pg/mL was significantly higher than that in case control group (438.26±128.52) pg/mL and healthy control group (398.96±96.55)pg/mL, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01). In addition, BMP9 expression significantly correlated with procalcitonin, lymphocyte count and SOFA score ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that BMP9 was a high risk factor for the development of sepsis-associated ARDS ( P<0.01). The area under the ROC curve (area under the ROC curve,AUC) of BMP9 to predict the occurrence of sepsis-associated ARDS was 0.930. The specificity was 100.0% and the sensitivity was 80.4%, which was significantly higher than the specificity (89.8%) and sensitivity (67.9%) of the oxygenation index. Follow-up and comparison of BMP9 levels in patients with different prognosis of sepsis-associated ARDS showed that the expression level of BMP9 in the death group was higher than that in the survival group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The ROC curve of BMP9 in predicting the prognosis of patients with sepsis-associated ARDS. The area under the ROC curve was 0.699, the sensitivity was 43.3%, and the specificity was 100.0%. Conclusions:The expression of BMP9 in sepsis-associated ARDS patients significantly increased, and its high expression was significantly correlated with inflammatory markers such as procalcitonin, lymphocyte count and SOFA score. BMP9 is an independent risk factor in patients with sepsis-associated ARDS, and it is promising as a new biomarker for early identification of sepsis-associated ARDS. However, it do not show a good predictive effect on the prognosis of the disease.

Objective:To explore the expression of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in patients with septic cardiomyopathy and its value in the diagnosis of septic cardiomyopathy.Methods:A observational study was conducted. Fifty patients with septic cardiomyopathy admitted to Shanxi Bethune Hospital from May 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the experimental group. Forty-six patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the same period were selected as the case control group. Forty-nine healthy adults were selected as the healthy control group, who underwent physical examination in the physical examination center during the same period. The demographic data and clinical indicators of the subjects were recorded, and the serum GDF15 level was detected by double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And the 28-day outcome of patients with septic cardiomyopathy was followed up, and they were divided into survival group and death group. The serum GDF15 level of subjects in each group and its correlation with clinical indicators were analyzed and compared. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of septic cardiomyopathy. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the value of GDF15 in the diagnosis of septic cardiomyopathy.Results:The serum GDF15 level of experimental group was significantly higher than that in the case control group and healthy control group [ng/L: 314.14 (221.96, 469.56) vs. 39.08 (26.27, 76.85), 6.39 (3.35, 14.42), both P < 0.01]. Correlation analysis showed that serum GDF15 level in patients with septic cardiomyopathy were correlated with cardiac troponin I (cTnI, r = 0.295, P = 0.038), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP, r = 0.464, P = 0.009), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA, r = 0.363, P = 0.010) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ, r = 0.316, P = 0.025). However, there was no significant correlation with white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, lactic acid, albumin and other clinical indicators ( r values were 0.086, 0.123, -0.051, 0.055, 0.119, 0.199, -0.234, all P > 0.05). Serum GDF15 level, SOFA score and APACHEⅡ score in the death group (30 cases) were significantly higher than those in the survival group [20 cases; GDF15 (ng/L): 382.93±159.61 vs. 289.66±158.46, SOFA: 10.00 (7.00, 12.00) vs. 6.00 (5.00, 9.50), APACHEⅡ: 21.70±6.07 vs. 14.85±7.57, all P < 0.05]. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that serum GDF15 was an independent risk factor for the onset of septic cardiomyopathy [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.062, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.011-1.115, P = 0.016]. ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of GDF15 for predicting septic cardiomyopathy was 0.971, the specificity was 100%, and the sensitivity was 90.3%. Conclusion:The serum GDF15 level of patients with septic cardiomyopathy is significantly increased, and GDF15 may be used as an effective biomarker for the early diagnosis of septic cardiomyopathy.

Objective:To summarize the clinical data of Sun's procedure(total aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk technique) in the treatment of complex aortic arch disease after previous cardiac surgery.Methods:From January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020, a total of 55 patients underwent resternotomy Sun's procedure in the Aortic Surgery Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, including 41 males and 14 females, with a mean age of(45.4±12.7) years old, were retrospectively analyzed. The indications of primary cardiac surgery included type A aortic dissection, aortic root or ascending aortic aneurysm, heart valve surgery, and coronary heart disease. Indications for reoperation included residual aortic dissection larger than 55 mm in diameter, aortic aneurysm dilation, new type A aortic dissection, anastomotic leakage with symptoms, and pseudoaneurysm. All the operations were performed under general anesthesia and median resternotomy, total aortic arch replacement with the stented elephant trunk implantation and were performed by anterograde unilateral or bilateral cerebral perfusion.Results:There was no intraoperative death, and the postoperative mortality was 9.1%(5/55). The causes of death were 2 cases of low cardiac output, 1 case of respiratory failure, 1 case of cerebral complications, and 1 case of gastrointestinal bleeding. Except death, there were 2 cases of postoperative cerebral complications(2/50, 4%), 5 cases of spinal cord injury(transient paraplegia)(5/50, 10%), the median duration of ventilator use was 17 hours(14-42 h). Other postoperative complications included respiratory insufficiency requiring ventilatory support longer than 48 hours(8/50, 16%), renal insufficiency requiring temporary dialysis(2/50, 4%). The follow-up time was(25.9±11.2) months(10-47 months), during which 1 case died due to cerebral complication, 4 cases underwent total thoracoabdominal aorta replacement, and 1 case underwent anastomotic leakage repair.Conclusion:It is safe and effec to perform Sun's procedure(total aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk technique) in the treatment of complex arch disease after previous cardiac surgery.

The end of the COVID-19 infection peak in 2022 prompts a backlog of cardiovascular surgical patients to gradually return to the hospital, resulting in a surge in cardiovascular surgeries. However, against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, the clinical practice of cardiovascular surgery faces many problems. Therefore, organized by Beijing Anzhen Hospital, experts in cardiovascular surgery and related fields have formulated hospital expert experience on perioperative treatment principles of cardiovascular surgery for patients infected with COVID-19. This article summarizes the clinical decision-making of patients requiring cardiovascular surgery after COVID-19 infection, and advises on the corresponding recommendations according to the existing evidence-based medical evidence as well as the actual clinical practice experience of relevant experts. The main content of the article includes special requirements for cardiovascular surgical treatment indications in patients with COVID-19 infection, selection of surgical timing, special requirements of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management, etc., which aims to provide COVID-19-infected patients with guidance on rational decision-making when receiving cardiovascular surgery.

The Chinese Neonatal Network(CHNN) was established in 2018 with the mission of establishing a national collaboration platform, conducting high-quality and collaborative research, and ultimately improving the quality of neonatal-perinatal care and health in China.At present, 112 hospitals across the country have joined CHNN.CHNN has established a national standardized cohort of very premature infants/very low birth weight infants with >10 000 enrollments each year, has been leading data-driven collaborative quality improvement initiatives, conducting multicenter clinical studies, and performing multi-level training programs.Guided by the principles of collaboration and sharing, data-driven, continuous improvement, and international integration, CHNN has become an important platform for clinical and research collaboration in neonatal medicine in China.

Objective:To investigate the effect of HLA-Cw*0602 and LCE3B_LCE3C-del allele interaction on the risk of psoriasis vulgaris in a population of Mongolian nationality in Inner Mongolia. Methods:A total of 365 Mongolian patients with psoriasis vulgaris who received treatment in The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2006 to December 2015 (case group) and 284 healthy subjects who concurrently received physical examination in the same hospital (control group) were included in this study. After sex and age matching, and quality control, the correlations between HLA-Cw*0602 and LCE3B_LCE3C-del allele and psoriasis vulgaris in a population of Mongolian nationality were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. The interaction between HLA-Cw*0602 and LCE3B_LCE3C-del alleles (adjusting for potential confounders including age and sex) was analyzed using logistic regression. Results:Logistic regression interaction item Int of dominant inheritance mode HLA-Cw*0602 allele and recessive inheritance mode LCE3C_LCE3B-del allele revealed OR = 2.38, P = 0.033, and interaction index S = 1.21, indicating that there was a synergistic effect between the two alleles. Conclusion:The co-existence of HLA-Cw*0602 and LCE3B_LCE3C-del may increase the risk of psoriasis vulgaris in a population of Mongolian nationality in Inner Mongolia.

Objective:To summarize the experience of 15 cases of balloon endovascular occlusion assisted aortic replacement.Methods:15 patients who needed reoperation after aortic surgery underwent endovascular balloon occlusion assisted aortic replacement by DSA guidance in the hybrid OR. Main inclusion criteria: The target vessel to be blocked cannot be directly blocked. Based on the last CTA before the operation, the diameter of the target vessel was measured, and the appropriate diameter balloon and the appropriate diameter balloon and the amount of contrast agent were selected. The vascular approach was selected according to the CTA.During the operation, the balloon was filled and fixed well, the distal invasive blood pressure waveform showed advection, and the pressure close to hydrostatic pressure as the complete blocking standard.Results:All 15 cases of balloon endovascular occlusion assisted aortic surgery were successful. After the operation, 14 target vessels normally without damage, and there was no vascular complication. One case after surgical three-branch stent surgery underwent the second thoracoabdominal aortic replacement operation. After the stent was blocked by the balloon, the new tissue in the stent fell off, and the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery were embolized for reoperation.Conclusion:Balloon endovascular occlusion technology expands the indications of aortic surgery and simplifies the operation, that is a safe and effective occlusion method. Whether the target vessel is suitable for balloon occlusion should be judged before the operation to avoid related complications.

Objective    To evaluate the preoperative risk factors for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (ASTAAD) patients in our country by collecting multi-center data. Methods    We consecutively enrolled 700 patients who underwent surgery for ASTAAD in the multi-center hospital database from January 2018 to January 2020. According to the ascending aorta size (AAS), the patients were divided into two groups: a group AAS≥55 mm and a group AAS< 55 mm. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the related preoperative risk factors for the onset of ASTAAD. Results    According to the exclusion criteria, a total of 621 patients were finally enrolled, including 453 males and 168 females with an average age of 48.24±11.51 years, and 509 (81.94%) patients had AAS< 55 mm. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses showed that smoking, hypertension, preoperative cardiac troponin I, and left ventricular ejection fraction were related to the occurrence of ASTAAD. The mortality rate of the patient during hospitalization was 13.04% (81 patients). Conclusion    In clinical practice, various preoperative risk factors affect ASTAAD patients, which should be paid attention to. Comprehensive evaluation and an individualized analysis of patients and timely prevention and intervention improve patients' survival rate.

Objective:To summarize the clinical outcomes and experience of redo median sternotomy on proximal aortic repair. Investigate the relationship between first operation and reoperation, reoperation indications, cardiopulmonary bypass strategy, intraoperative technical details, early and mid-term postoperative results.Methods:There were 28 patients underwent 29 times of redo median sternotomy on proximal aorta from April 2017 to December 2019. There were 23 males (79.3%) with an average age of (45.1±12.7) years (26-79 years), 15 Marfan syndrome (15/29, 51.7%) and 3 Behcet's disease (3/29, 10.3%). The primary operation included aortic valve or mitral valve replacement, Bentall procedure, ascending aortic replacement, simultaneous abdominal aortic replacement, Sun's procedure and coronary artery bypass grafting. The indications for reoperation were: aortic root aneurysm or coronary artery aneurysm, anastomotic leakage, perivalvular leakage due to inflammatory aortic disease, acute or chronic type A aortic dissection and aortic root abscess, aortic arch aneurysm. The surgical methods were Bentall, Cabrol, wheat, aortic valve sparing root replacement with replantation, anastomotic leakage repair, CABG, total arch replacement + stent elephant trunk implantation (Sun's procedure), ascending aorta to abdominal aorta bypass, abdominal aortic replacement.Results:One patient (3.4%) died in hospital because of severe postoperative pulmonary complications, consolidation of both lungs, ARDS and hypoxia. Postoperative low cardiac output was occurred in 2 cases (6.9%), 1 case was cured by ECMO, and 1 case died half a year after operation during follow up period. Re-exploration for postoperative hemorrhage was occurred in three cases (10.3%). Renal failure requires dialysis was 3 cases (10.3%), and transient paresis was 1 cases (3.4%), respectively. All of them were recovered before discharge. During the follow-up period, one patient died of multiple organ failure due to low cardiac output, and one patient underwent total thoracoabdominal aortic replacement. One patient underwent Cabrol for aneurysm of the coronary artery after Bentall procedure. One year later, type A dissection occurred again and Sun's procedure was performed through a median sternotomy.Conclusion:Reoperation of proximal aorta after cardiac and aortic surgery is safe and effective, with good short-term and medium-term results. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation, successful sternotomy, establishment of cardiopulmonary bypass and effective organ protection are the key to successful operation. Patients with aortic diseases, especially Marfan syndrome, are more likely to undergo reoperation. Close follow-up and timely reoperation are necessary to avoid aortic rupture. Sun's procedure is suitable for redo complex arch operation.