The manufacturing process, quality Control and Stability test of ＂901＂ anti-influenza complex granule were presented. The granule tallied with requirements of Chinese Pharmacopiea (1990th edition). It s main components (Scutellaria baicallensis Georgi. and Bupleurum chinese DC.) were identified with TLC. First derivative spectrometry was used to determine the content of baicalin in this preparation. As a result of stability test, the shelf life at 250℃ is estimated to be 1.97 years.

ObjectiveTo find a new approach of transfecting the objective gene safely and effectively according to the cavitation effect of ultrasound mediated microbubble destruction which could increase the permeability of macromolecule (such as DNA) across the eucell membrane.MethodsEGFP gene was transfected to Cos 7 cell as mark one in vitro by ultrasound mediated microbubble destruction and liposome as control. The transfection effect was surveyed by laser microscope and flow cytometry qualitively and quantitively. Trypan blue staining was adopted to measure the cell vitality.ResultsUltrasound mediated microbubble destruction at 0.8 MHz , 1.0 W/cm 2, 10% duty cycle, 60 s can get the most stable effective expression of EGFP gene in Cos 7 cell and no cytotoxicity. ConclusionsAlbumin microbubble made by us is a new and effective carrier of objective gene in gene therapy. At some specific ultrasound condition, microbubble destruction can enhance the objective gene transfection and expression and have a good targetivation. Ultrasound mediated destruction of albumin coated microbubble is a promising method in gene therapy.

The cost to U.S.consumers of specialty drugs is too high,and cost-sharing obligations are reducing patient access to affordable and life-changing medications.While accounting only for approximately two percent of prescriptions filled,specialty drugs accounted for nearly 45 percent of the U.S.drug spend in 2018,and this rate continues to rise.This review analyzes the current state of the U.S.specialty drug market and recommends six policy options for decreasing out-of-pocket costs to consumers.A systematic review was conducted,gathering articles from peer-reviewed and government resources published from January 2014 to May 2019 using databases such as PubMed,OVID,and the Congressional Research Service (CRS).Articles were reviewed for unique and relevant information relating to cost specialty drugs,industry trends,underlying legislation and policy challenges,and viable policy options.The findings show that,while the cost of specialty drug prices is growing,the rate of growth is projected to slow to a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4 to 7 percent between 2019 to 2023,as compared to a CAGR of 7.2 percent from 2014 to 2018,largely due to the Food and Drug Administration's approval of 10 new biosimilars in 2018 and early 2019.However,specialty drug spending as a percentage of total spending continues to rise and can cost payers and patients more than USD 3,500 on average per month.We recommend six policy options for reducing consumers' out-of-pocket cost obligations:(1) discourage "pay-for-delay" agreements and patent evergreening;(2) align incentives across the specialty drug supply chain with value-based pricing;(3) tighten orphan drug eligibility or impose a sales tax on drugs if the sales tax exceeds a specified threshold until federal subsidies are recouped;(4) increase transparency in transactions between specialty drug supply chain stakeholders;(5) tax the direct-to-consumer advertising of specialty drugs and use the proceeds to fund public research;and (6) support copay cards and patient assistance programs.While the consensus across the industry is that the out-of-pocket costs of specialty drugs to patients are too high,industry stakeholders must agree about which set of policy options to implement.Lawmakers must explore options for reducing the out-of-pocket costs of specialty medications and gather public input on how to best align stakeholder incentives across the specialty drug supply chain.