Objective To study the expression of both nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and tumor necrosis fac-tor-α(TNF-α)in pulmonary intravascular macrophages(PIM)of rats with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS)and the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)on their expression.Methods The Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into four groups:control,control+PDTC1CCl4,CCl4+PDTC groups.Arterial blood was collected for measurement of blood gas.Venous blood was sampled for hepatic function and endotoxin level.The mesenteric lymph nodes were dissected for bacteriology studies.Proteins of NF-κB and TNF-a of lung tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry.The activity of NF-κB in lung tissues was measured using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).By real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCB)using SYBR Green I,the mRNA expression of TNF-α in lung tissues were detected.Results CCl4 group developed HPS with decreased PaO2 and PaCO2,increased alveolar-arterial oxygen difference(A-aDO2),abnormal hepatic function and increased endotoxin level.Culture-positive mes-enteric lymph nodes were found in 62.5%(5/8)of CCl4,group and 66.7%(6/9)of CCl4+PDTC group(P>0.05 J.All lungs from CCl4 and CCl4+PDTC group showed no accumulation of larse mononuclear macrophagelike cells within the lumen of numerous small muscular and nonnulscular pulmonary vessels.The percentages of vessels with more than 1O adherent macrophages was 60.8%(292/480)in CCl4 group but only 19.6%(106/540)in CCl4+PDTC group(P<0.01).The protein expression of NF-κB and TNF-α Was localized to PIM in CCl4 group.The NF-κB activity and mRNA expression of TNF-α in CCl4 group was significantly higher than that in control,con-trol+PDTC group and CCl4+PDTC group(P<0.05).Conclusion The TNF-α expression in PIM induced by NF-κB play an important role in HPS.The inhibitor of NF-κB PDTC can repress PIM activation and decrease the ex-pression of TNF-α.As result.HPS severity is reduced.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and nursing intervention in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy. Methods One hundred patients undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy were included, surgical history, general anesthetics way, education, family factors(alone), body mass index, age, duration of anesthesia, dose of sufentanyl, hematocrit, the time for regaining orientation, dysphoria, postoperative pain degree were recorded. The occurrence of POCD was observed at 7 days (early period) and 3 months (later period) after surgery. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the risk factors for POCD at early period and later period. Results The incidence of POCD at early period was 29.0%(29/100). Logistic regression analysis of surgical history, general anesthetics way, body mass index, age, hematocrit, the time for regaining orientation, postoperative pain degree in patients, general anesthetics way (OR=2.821, 95%CI 1.099-7.240) and postoperative pain degree(OR=2.292, 95%CI 1.129-4.654) were the significant risk factors for POCD at early period. The incidence of POCD at later period was 7.0%(7/100). Logistic regression analysis of education and family factors(alone) in patients, family factors(alone) was the significant risk factor for POCD at later period (OR=5.517, 95%CI 1.010-30.126). Conclusions General anesthetics way and postoperative pain degree are the significant predictors for POCD in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy during hospitalization, and family factors(alone) is the risk factor for POCD at 3 months after surgery, and active nursing intervention could reduce the occurrence of POCD.

Objective To investigate the clinical epidemiological characteristic of the cancer in upper digestive tract detected by endoscopy and pathologically diagnosed in Xi'an.Methods Patients with cancer of upper digestive tract,detected by endoscopy and pathologically diagnosed from 1991.1 to 2002.12 were selected.The main clinical data,epidemiologyical,endoscopic manifestation and the pathological characteristics were studied.Results The overall diagnosis rate of upper digestive tract cancer was 8.13% in 12 years.Of all the patients who underwent endoscopy,cancer of esophagus,cardia,stomach and duodenum was 3.42%,1.44%,3.26% and(0.01%),respectively.Although the incidences of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer fluctuated,they showed remarkable decreasing tendency(P=0.000).Meanwhile,the incidence of cardiac adenocarcinoma increased slightly(P=0.000).The male/female ratio of cardiac cancer is 6.29∶1,which is much higher than that of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer(P=0.000).The ratio of squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma in esophagus didn't chang in 12 years((P=0.562)),and the adenocarcinoma of esophagus did not show any remarkable tendency (P=0.557).Conclusion Esophageal cancer is the most frequent cancer of upper digestive tract in Xi'an.The detection rate of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer has decreased respectively,and cardiac cancer has increased.Cardiac cancer is different from either esophageal or gastric cancer.

Objective This study was designed to determine the expression ofgeneproducts of phosphatase and tensin homoligy deleted onehromoseten(PTEN)and DNA content in non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)tissue and investigate their association with the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC.Methods The expression of PTEN were detected in 78 cases of lung cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry SP methods,DNA content in 30 cases of lung cancer tissues was examined by flow cytometry.Results The rate of total expression depletion of PTEN was 42.3%.The rates of PTEN expression depletion in lymph node metastasis group and no lymph node metastasis group were 52.1%and 26.7%respectively,with significantant difference(P＜0.05).The patients who had high expression of PTEN had a longer survival time.The range of the DNA index(DI)distribution ranged from 1.04 to 1.93,the DNA index and aneuploid tumor had a positive correlation with the lymph node metastasis,with the increased of TNM stage,the DI and the rate of DNA aneuploid increased(P＜0.05).Conclusions Expression of PTEN is associated strongly with lymph node metastasis of lung cancer,correlations exist between DNA content and TNM stage,lymph node metastasis.They are indications of metastasis potential and prognosis of lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation on neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and neurogenin 1 (Ngnl) in focal cerebral ischemic rats.Methods A total of 64 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal (N) + phosphate-buffered solution (PBS),middle cerebral occlusion (MCAO)+ PBS,N + BMSC and MCAO + BMSC groups (n =16 in each group).A rat model was induced by the intraluminal suture method.BMSC was cultured in vitro.At 24 h after modeling,brain transplantation was conducted.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to detect infarct volume in vivo.NeuN/DAP,Ngnl/DAPIimmunofluorescence double-labeling and Western blot were used to detect the expression of NeuN and Ngnl around ischemic brain tissue.Results On day 14 after transplantation,the T1-and T2-weighted imaging revealed that the cerebral cortex and striatum had abnormal signal areas in the rats of the MCAO group.The infarct volume of the MCAO + BMSC group was significantly less than that of the MCAO + PBS group (32.5％ ± 4.2％ vs.47.9％ ± 7.9％ ; P ＜ 0.01).Immunofluorescence doublelabeling assay showed that the numbers of cells of NeuN+/DAPI+ (976.2 ± 87.5/mm2 vs.1 908.3 ±127.8/mm2; P ＜ 0.01) and Ngn1 +/DAPI + (251.6 ± 23.1/rmm2 vs.285.1 ± 25.2/mm2 ; P ＜ 0.01) of the MCAO + PBS group were significantly less than those of the N + PBS group,but those of NeuN+/DAPI +(1 439.9 ± 101.7/mm2; P ＜ 0.01) and Ngn1 +/DAPI + (356.3 ± 35.6/mm2; P ＜ 0.01) of the MCAO + BMSC group were significantly more than the MCAO + PBS group.Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression levels of NeuN (0.69 ±0.06 vs.0.91 ±0.09; P ＜0.01) and Ngn1 (0.53 ±0.05 vs.0.62 ±0.07;P ＜0.01) of the MCAO +PBS group were significantly lower than those of the N +PBS group,but those of NeuN (0.82 ± 0.07; P ＜ 0.01) and Ngn1 (0.77 ± 0.09; P ＜ 0.01) of the MCAO + BMSC group were significantly higher than the MCAO + PBS group.Conclusions BMSC transplantation may promote the expression of NeuN and Ngn1,and alleviate MCAO caused brain injury.

This study investigated the effect of prolonged walking with load carriage on body posture, muscle fatigue, heart rate and blood pressure of the tested subjects. Ten healthy volunteers performed 30 min walking trials on treadmill (speed = 1.1 m/s) with different backpack loads [0% body weight (BW), 10% BW, 15% BW and 20% BW]. The change of body posture, muscle fatigue, heart rate and blood pressure before and after walking and the recovery of muscle fatigue during the rest time (0, 5, 10 and 15 min) were collected using the Bortec AMT-8 and the NDI Optotrak Certus. Results showed that the forward trunk and head angle, muscle fatigue, heart rate and blood pressure increased with the increasing backpack loads and bearing time. With the 20% BW load, the forward angle, muscle fatigue and systolic pressure were significantly higher than with lighter weights. No significantly increased heart rate and diastolic pressure were found. Decreased muscle fatigue was found after removing the backpack in each load trial. But the recovery of the person with 20% BW load was slower than that of 0% BW, 10% BW and 15% BW. These findings indicated that the upper limit of backpack loads for college-aged students should be between 15% BW and 20% BW according to muscle fatigue and forward angle. It is suggested that backpack loads should be restricted to no more than 15% BW for walks of up to 30 min duration to avoid irreversible muscle fatigue.
Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Exercise Test ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Muscle Fatigue ; Posture ; Walking ; physiology ; Weight-Bearing

Objective To investigate the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome(MS)of children and adolescents in Longquan mountainous area in Zhejiang province.Methods A representative sample involving 2 135 children and adolescence aged 10 to 15 years were randomly surveyed and a total of 2 125 had available data(male/female ratios as:1 109/1 016).Using the standard methods,we measured the weight,height,waist circumference,hip circumference,blood pressure,detected fasting plasma glucose (FPG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL -C),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and calculated non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL). The prevalence of obesity and MS among the 10 to 15 years old children and adolescence in Longquan was compared with that in six cities in China(Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Zhejiang,Chongqing and Guangxi).Results The preva-lence of obesity was 4.7% in 10 -15 -year -old teenage,in which the male obesity prevalence was 6.3%(70/1 109),female obesity prevalence was 3.0%(30 /1 016).The prevalence of overweight was 9.4% and the prevalence of boys was 11.0%,while the girl was 7.6%.The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 16.4%(299/2 125).The prevalence of MS was 2%(42/2 125)in the survey,but 42.0%in the obesity.The prevalence of obesity in Longquan(4.7%)was lower than that in the national six cities(8.1%)among the children and adoles-cents from 10 to 15 years old(χ2 =31.09,P=0.000).But in the obesity students,the prevalence of MS(42.0%)in Longquan was higher than that in six cities(28.8%)(χ2 =5.43,P=0.02).Conclusion The prevalence of obesity in Longquan mountainous area was lower than that in the national six cities among the children and adolescents from 10 to 15 years old.However,the prevalence of MS among the obesity in Longquan was higher than that in six cities.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of 650 nm-10.6 μm combined laser in patients with knee Osteoarthritis (OA) and to determine whether the combined laser provides greater pain relief and improved function compared with red light. Methods: Forty-eight patients with knee OA were randomly allocated to two groups (24 per group), receiving 20 rain irradiation with 650 nm -10.6 μm combined laser or red light emitting diode respectively on point Dubi (ST 35) 3 times a week for the first course (2 weeks) and twice a week for the second one (4 weeks). The main outcome measures were WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) scores. In addition, patients' global assessment, adverse effects and validation of patient blinding were analyzed. Results: All the patients completed the first course, but 12 were lost during the second one. Due to the high dropout rate by the second course, only the data acquired from the first course could be analyzed. No differences of general data of patients and WOMAC scores were found in between-group comparison before treatment (P>0.05). The WOMAC scores of patients in both combined laser group and red light group reduced significantly compared to baseline by the end of the first course (P<0.01). There were no significant differences on the reduction rate of WOMAC scores between two groups (P>0.05). Neither the patients' global assessment nor the dropout rate showed statistical differences between two groups (P>0.05). There was no difference between two groups in patients correctly guessing the treatment assignment (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the reduction rate of WOMAC scores and the patients' global assessment between patients who guessed their assignment (P>0.05). Conclusion: Both combined laser and red light irradiation are beneficial to patients with knee OA. But as the statistical indifferences between two groups, the authors can't conclude from this study whether the combined laser is more effective.

lusions Cardiac MSCT can accurately assess the RV size and function in comparison to MRI. Patients with severe COPD have RV dysfunction.

Objective To prospectively assess right ventricular dysfunction and the metergasis before and after therapy of thrombolysis with ECG gated multi-detector spiral computed tomography (MSCT)in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Methods Triple rule-out ECG gated MSCT examination was performed in 96 consecutive patients suspected of PE. 25 patients with central PE were confirmed. 25 agematched subjects without cardiac and pulmonary disease were recruited as control group. Triple rule-out ECG gated MSCT were performed again to assess cardiac function after therapy of thrombolysis. Dimension ratios for the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle ( LV), main pulmonary artery and aorta were measured.Furthermore, the RV and LV end-diastolic volumes (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) were also measured. The mean values were compared with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Newman-Keuls test before and after thrombolysis. Results The mean values of RVEDV, RVESV, RVEF,RV/LV ESV volume ratio, RV/LV dimension ratio and main pulmonary artery/aorta dimension ratio in control group were (150.5±24.1) ml,(71.5 ±18.5) ml, (53.5 ±4.2)%, 1.08 ±0.04, 1.01 ±0.04 and 0. 99 ±0. 02, respectively. While those in PE group were ( 190. 3 ± 16. 2) ml, ( 128. 1 ± 13.2) ml,(32.7 ± 3.6 ) %, 2.00 ± 0.26, 1.30 ± 0. 09 and 1.34 ± 0. 11, respectively. Those after therapy of thrombolysis were ( 159. 2 ± 21.5 ) ml, ( 80. 7 ± 9.4) ml, (49. 2 ± 5.9) %, 1.22 ± 0.25, 1.02 ± 0.02 and 1.02±0.11,respectively. ESV and EDV of RV were larger (q= 6.28, P<0.01; q=7.59, P<0.01),EF value was lower (q = 4. 82, P < 0.01 ) in PE group than those in control group. RV/LV ESV volume ratio, the RV/LV dimension ratio and main pulmonary artery/aorta dimension ratio were larger ( q = 6. 04,P <0. 01; q =4. 43, P <0. 01; q =4. 36, P <0. 01 ) and EDV of LV was lower in PE group than those in control group. However, ESV and EDV of RV and RV/LV ESV volume ratio were lower (q = 5.03, P <0.01;q=6. 11,P<0.01;q=4.74,P<0.01), EF value was larger (q=6.29, P<0.01) and EDV of LV was larger(q =4.01 ,P <0.01 ) after therapy of thrombolysis than before. Conclusion Retrospective triple rule-out ECG-gated MSCT can show pulmonary embolism, measure the function of RV and LV and evaluate curative effect of thrombolysis.