OBJECTIVE:To measure and analysis the related costs of drug-induced liver injury (D1LI) from different decision makers,and to provide reference for reducing related costs of DILI,improving medical insurance system and realizing effective health resource distribution.METHODS:In retrospective study,60 cured or recovered DILI inpatieuts were randomly selected as subjects from medical record management system of 4 hospitals in Henan province during Jun.2014-Jun.2015.Demographic character istic,clinical characteristic and related cost of DILI were analyzed retrospectively and the cost structure was also analyzed from different decison makers (patient,society,medical insurance payer).RESULTS:The total direct medical cost of 60 cases was 584 113.05 yuan,and total direct non-medical cost was 31 093.15 yuan and total indirect cost was 169 379.95 yuan.The total cost of DILI of fered by patients was 616 296.38 yuan;the total cost of DILI offered by society was 784 586.15 yuan;the total cost of DILI offered by medical insurance was 168 289.77 yuan.CONCLUSIONS:DILI results in serious economic damage for patients and society,deserving attracting extensive attention worldwide.The study provide reference for reducing patient's medical burden and improving medical insurance system,and contribute to optimize medical resource distribution.

Objective To investigate the infection of 23 kinds of human papillomavirus ( HPV) subtypes in female cervical epithelium samples and to analyze their relationships with age and results of cyto-logic test in Haikou area. Methods A total of 4 037 local healthy women were enrolled in this study from July 2013 to August 2016, 1 967 of whom received cervical cytology test. Cervical cell samples collected from those women were detected for HPV typing by using PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization. Results (1) The total positive rate of HPV in 4 037 samples was 22. 15% (894 cases), and the detection rates of carci-nogenic, possibly carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic HPV were 16. 13%, 3. 99% and 5. 55% (651, 161 and 224 cases), respectively. The positive rates of 6 genotypes were high, which were HPV52, 53, 81, 51, 16 and 58 in turn. (2) The detection rates of carcinogenic, possibly carcinogenic HPV and some of the gen-otypes (HPV18, 52, 53, 66) increased with age (all P<0. 05). (3) Multiple infection in HPV-positive women accounted for 24. 38% (218/894), in which the infection rates of carcinogenic types declined with age and the numbers of HPV genotypes in carcinogenic infections were negatively correlated with age ( both P<0. 05). (4) Only 2. 49% (49/1 967) of the samples were positive for cervical cytologic test, classified into the ≥ASC-US ( atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance ) group. The detection rates of eight kinds of carcinogenic and two kinds of possibly carcinogenic HPV in≥ASC-US group were significantly higher than those in the negative (no intraepithelial lesion or malignant lesion, NILM) group (all P<0. 05). Conclusion This study indicates that Haikou women have higher rates of HPV infection, especially the eld-erly group. HPV subtype infections present some regional characteristics and are mainly single type infec-tion. Cervical cancer screening should be combined with tests for HPV and cytology analysis to improve its effectiveness.

Objective To explore the role of HIF-1 and its downstream SDF-1α/CXCR4 and VEGF/VEGFR pathway in mediating MSC mobilization with DMOG .Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:Normal saline control group , DMOG group, YC-1 group, AMD3100 group, SU5416 group.We used CFU-F assay and flow cytometry to determine the number of MSCs in rat bone marrow ( BM ) and peripheral blood ( PB ) in each group , respectively.The concentrations of SDF-1αand VEGF both in BM and PB serum in each group were detected by ELISA . Western blotting was used to test protein levels of HIF-1α, SDF-1αand VEGF in BM.Results Compared with NS group, the number of CFU-Fs as well as the percentage of CD 45 -CD90 +cells increased in DMOG group ( P <0.05);Compared with DMOG group, the number of CFU-Fs as well as the percentage of CD 45 -CD90 +cells decreased in YC-1 group, AMD3100 group and SU5416 group (P <0.05).Compared with DMOG group, the concentration and protein expression of HIF-1αdecreased significantly in YC-1 group ( P <0.05 ) , the concentration and protein expression of SDF-1αdecreased significantly in AMD 3100 group ( P <0.05 ) , the concentration and protein expression of VEGF decreased significantly in SU5416 group ( P <0.05 ).Conclusion DMOG can induce MSCs mobilization possibly via up-regulating the expression of HIF-1αand activating its downstream SDF-1α/CXCR4 and VEGF/VEGFR pathway .

Objective To clinically observe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) before and after cerebrovascular disease attacking and find prevention ways.Methods Seventy cases of berebrovascular patients were observed the OSAS status and the clinic data were collected in the mean time.Results We found 70% patients with snore and suffocation,89% with day drowse before attacking.After attacking,82% in-patient cases appeared different degree lower ventilation or apnea during 1～7d sleeping,which the average paroxysm frequency were 79 times per night and the average time were 72s per paroxysm.The therapeutic effects were good through different measures.Conclusion The active measures should be taken on OSAS after cerebrovascular disease attacking,which has a high frequency of OSAS.

Adolescent ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Male ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Thoracic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the present situation of institutes of rehabilitation medicine in Guangxi. Methods From March to July, 2015, all 287 hospitals in Guangxi were investigated with the Human Resource Statistics of Guangxi Rehabilitation Medicine Depart-ment and the Specialist Questionnaire of Guangxi Rehabilitation Medicine Department by E-mail through the local Health and Family Plan-ning Commissions. Results There were 125 rehabilitation medicine departments with 2146 personnels in Guangxi, 0.2 therapists per bed in average. The proportion was 1∶0.725 for rehabilitative physicians to therapists;1∶1.92∶3.14 for senior, intermediate and primary title for physicians;1∶8∶63 for therapists and 1∶5.6∶18.9 for nurses. About 91.3%of the department of rehabilitation medicine was in the tertia-ry hospitals and was able to provide the services of physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, swallowing rehabilitation, cogni-tive rehabilitation, psychological therapy and rehabilitation engineering, and so on. Conclusion Rehabilitation has made a big progress com-pared with that in 2009 in Guangxi, in term of institutes, human resources and the service ability. However, the distribution of institutions and human resources remains unbalanced.

Objective To study the effects ofgranulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) and AMD3100 on the proliferation,migration and adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).Methods The proliferation,migration and adhesion of MSCs were detected by MTT chromometry,transwell and adhesion test.Results When the concentration of G-CSF was 200 μg/L and AMD3100 was 0.5 mg/L,the proliferation and migration of MSCs were the strongest.When the concentration of G-CSF was 200 μg/L and AMD3100 was 0 mg/L,the adhesion of MSCs was the strongest.Conclusion The proliferation,migration,adhesion of MSCs are promoted by G-CSF,and inhibited by AMD3100.

OBJECTIVE：To study the spectrum-effect relationship of HPLC finger print of different polar parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata with its in vivo anti-inflammatory effect. METHODS ：A. grossedentata was reflux extracted with 70％ ethanol，then extracted with petroleum ether ，chloroform，ethyl acetate and water saturated n-butanol；or it was directly decocted with water and then concentrated to obtain different polar parts. The xylene-induced mice ear swelling model was established ；using dexamethasone as positive control ，anti-inflammatory activity of different polar parts of A. grossedentata was investigated. Fingerprints of different polar parts of A. grossedentata were established by HPLC. The determination was performed on Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was 25 ℃. The detection wavelength was set at 365 nm，and sample size was 5 μL. The grey ralational analysis method was used to analyze the spectrum-effect relationship of HPLC fingerprint common peaks of different polar parts of A. grossedentata with its anti-inflammatory effect. The correlation coefficient and correlation degree were calculated and ranked. RESULTS：Anti-inflammatory experiment showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of 70％ ethanol extraction part ，ethyl acetate extraction part and water extraction part were the most significant （inhibitory rates of ear swelling were 54.07％，30.54％， 30.45％）. Five common peaks were determined in HPLC fingerprints of different polar parts from A. grossedentata . The spectrum-effect analysis results showed that the correlation of5 common peaks were higher than 0.6；among them ，peak 3 and peak 2 （dihydromyricetin） had the strongest anti- inflammatory effect ，and their correlation degrees were both mail：123745789@qq.com greater than 0.8. CONCLUSIONS ： The anti-inflammatory effect of A. grossedentata on xylene-induced ear swelling in mice is the result of multi-comp onent synergy ； unknown substance of peak 3 and dihydromyricetin may be the main active components of A. grossedentata .

Steroid associated-osteonecrosis (SAON) is non-trauma induced osteonecrosis, which is induced by long-term or high dose of corticosteroid indicated for inflammatory or immune diseases, etc. Subchondral collapse at late stage of SAON usually needs to be treated with joint replacement, while the costs and the prognosis of the surgery are challenge. It is important to perform the fundamental researches on the hip preservation treatments of SAON at early stage, and it is necessary to establish suitable animal models for studying the mechanisms of SAON and evaluating the potential treatments for the SAON. Rabbit SAON model is the most frequently used animal model. It is extensively used in studies on etiology and pathology of SAON. Furthermore, it is possible to evaluate potential drugs for preventing SAON and improving osteogenic repair of mid-stage SAON to prevent joint collapse. Because of bi-pedal, emu has the similar mechanical properties with human. Thus, it can be a suitable animal model for studying preventions and treatments of subchondral collapse of SAON, such as core-decompression with biodegradable materials for bone regeneration. In conclusion, this review updates the current animal SAON models with similar pathology to clinical SAON. These typical models could be used as clinical references for investigating drugs in prevention of early-stage of SAON and biomaterials in hip-preservation surgery for mid-stage of SAON.

OBJECTIVE：To compare the content changes of active/toxic ingredient genkwanin in ethanol extract from Wikstroemia indica before and after processing with “sweat soaking method ”and the effects of processing method on its anti-oxidation ability. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to determine the content of genkwanin in W. indica before and after processing with “sweat soaking method ”. The separation was performed on Diamonsil C 18 column with 0.2％ phosphoric acid solution-methanol as mobile phase （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and detection wavelength was set at 346 nm. The sample size was 20 µL. SD rats were randomly divided into blank group ，W. indica raw product ethanol extract group （317.52 mg/kg，called“raw-product group ”as short ）and W. indica processed product ethanol extract group （317.52 mg/kg，called“processed-product group ”as short ），with 6 rats in each group. Blank group was given constant volume of 1.0％CMC-Na solution intragastrically ，and administration groups were given relevant medicine suspension intragastrically；all of them were given 20 mL/kg，once a day ，for consecutive 14 days. The contents of serum oxidant stress indexes（MDA，CAT，SOD）in rats were determined by ELISA. RESULTS ：The linear range of genkwanin were 0.147-27.360 μg （r＝0.999 9）；RSDs of precision ，reproducibility and stability tests were all lower than 3％ ；average recoveries were 98.64％-98.92％（RSD＜1％，n＝3）. Before and after processing with “sweat soaking method ”，average contents of genkwanin in W. indica were 0.377 6 and 0.234 0 mg/g. Compared with blank group ，the serum content of SOD in raw-product group was increased significantly ，while CAT content was decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；the serum content of MDA was decreased significantly in processed-product group ，while SOD content was increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. MDA content of processed-product group was significantly lower than that of raw-product group ，while SOD content was significantly higher than raw-product group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：After proce ssing with “sweat soaking method ”，the content of genkwanin in W. indica is decreased ，and antioxidant activity is increased .“Sweat soaking method ”processes certain function of “reducing toxicity and increasing efficiency ”.