Objective To study the characteristics of complement expression and the effects of atorvastatin on the complement in rats after the cerebral ischemic infarction.Method One hundred and sixty adult healthy Sprague-Daweley rats were randomly divided into normal group,sham-operated group,ischemia group and treat group.The ischemia group and treatment group were sub-devided into 6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,3 d,5 d,2week,respectively.The middle cerebral artery occlusion(MACO)model was induced by using filament method,and the thread Was withdraw from the middle cerebral artery after occlusion 2 h.Rats in the sham-operated groupdid not have thread inserted.After wakefulness,the animals The successful of animal model produced was evidenced by the paralysis of contralateral limbs.The animals model in the treatment group treated with Atorvastatins 10 mg once a day for 2 weeks and,rats in the ischemia group did not receive Atorvastatin.The neurological deficit scoring was measured at different intervals in the ischemia and treat ment groups.The expressions of complement C1q and C3 d protein in the brain of the rats in 4 groups were measured by immunohistochemical methods.Result There were a few complement expression in the brain of normal rats,showing no significant difference observed between sham-operated group and normal group(P＜0.05).The complements(C1 q and C3 d)expressied increasubgkt after cerebral ischemia injury,peaked 24 h after ischemia,and returned to normal levels 5 d after ischemia.The expression of complement C1 q and C3 d in the ischemia group were significanfly higher than those in sham-operated group(P＜0.05),The expression of complement C1 q and C3 d in treat ment group were signnificantly lower than those in the ischemia group(P＜0.05).The neurological deficit score in treatment group were signnificantly lower than that of ischemia group.Conclusions The expressions of complement C1 q and C3 d were increase gradually after cerebral ischemia in the rats,Atorvastatin Can inhibit the complement activation,improve neuro logical function of rats.

Objective To study the effects of erythropoietin(EPO) and angiotensin receptor blocker on the expression of eNOS and Bcl-2 after cerebral ischemia.Methods The model of focal cerebral ischemia was made by occluding middle cerebral artery(MCA) for 2h and reperfusing for 48h in healthy Sprague-Dawley rats.The rats received EPO 3 000u · kg-1 · d-1 or valsartan 40mg · kg-1 · d-1 by intraperitoneal injection just before the beginning of reperfusion and after reperfusion.The expression of eNOS and Bcl-2 was detected.Results Compared with ischemia group,Bcl-2 and eNOS expressions in EPO-treated group and EPO-ARB treated group were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).eNOS expression in ARB-treated group was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),Bcl-2 expression was up-regulated,but it had no significant difference.Conclusion EPO had protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfu-sion injury in rats,which partially mediated by up-regulating of Bcl-2 and eNOS expression.Angiotensin receptor blocker had protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats,which partially mediated by up-regulating of eNOS expression.

Aerenchyrna formation has been described in depth in a number of species at a histological level. But large gaps remain in our understanding of its regulation as a developmental process. It is attempted to analyse essential mineral elements like K, Mg, Cu, Zn, Ca and P in the cell wall of aerenchyma cells in petioles ofS. trifolia at five different developmental stages by CSEM-EDX technique. At early stage, K and Cl concentrations in cell wall were high up to 36% and 4.3% of dry weight, respectively. It supported the hypotheses that aerenchyma spaces are filled with liquid at early developmental stages of aerenchyma in S. trifolia petiole. Mg concentration was high at stage 2, up to 0.86% of dry weight. Zinc and Cu were detected only at rapid expansion stages, during which the concentrations were up to 1.5% and 2.5%, respectively. Calcium was detected in the cell wall only at mature stages, the concentration was high up to 1.3% of dry weight at stages 4 and 5. These results confirmed that the element concentration of aerenehyma cell wall undergoes dynamic changes during different developmental stages, and a low Ca with high Zn and Cu concentration are needed for cell expansion. Copper and Zn deposition in the cell wall showed a significant positive linear correlation, suggesting that these two elements share same or similar uptake and transport mechanism in plants.

Objective To evaluatate the impact of different anastomotic location and preventive ileostomy on postoperative anastomotic fistula in rectal cancer patients.Methods The clinical data of 316 cases of rectal cancer patients after total mesorectal excision from January 2015 to January 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.Patients were divided into anterior resection (AR) group,low anterior resection (LAR) group,uhra-low anterior resection (ULAR) group according to the anastomotic location.There were 33 cases of anastomotic fistula with preventive ileostomy or without and anastomotic leakage varied from mild to severe as grade A,B,C.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of anastomotic fistula between the different anastomotic location (x2 =3.829,P =0.147).In anterior resection group and low anterior resection group,there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of anastomotic fistula whether or not a preventive ileostomy was performed (x2 =0.606,1.096,P =0.436,0.326).While in uhralow anterior resection group,preventive ileostomy helped dicrease the incidence of anastomotic fistula (x2 =11.667,P =0.001),and once happened the severity of the anastomotic fistula tended to be less severe.Conclusion The incidence of anastomotic fistula does not vary with anastomotic level in our study.Preventive ileostomy reduces the incidence of anastomotic fistula in patients with ultralow anterior resection.

Objecfive To explore the value of endoscopic uhrasonography(EUS)in diagnosis and preoperative assessment of esophageal cancer.Methods A total of 57 patients with esophageal cancer were examined by EUS.The image features,depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis obtained by EUS were analyzed and compared with postoperative outcomes.Results Esophageal cancer was characterized as an irregular hypoeehoic mass with partial or total destruction of normal esophageal wall structure under EUS.Compared with post-operative pathological findings,the consistent rates of EUS diagnosis in depth of invasion,T staging,and N staging were 84.2%(48/57),87.7%(50/57)and 84.2%(48/57),respectively.Conclusion EUS exhibited high diagnostic accuracy in T staging of esophageal cancer,which is valuable in managements and prognosis of esophageal cancer.

Objective To explore the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on the neural function recovery and the expressions of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in rabbit spinal cord after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods 24 rabbits were randomized into 3 groups: EPO treatment group, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group and sham group with 8 rabbits in each group. The rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury was established with Tetik's method. The changes of neural functional recovery of rabbits of 3 groups were observed through Tarlov's scale at different time points post-operation. The expressions of NF-κB were tested with immunohistochemistry. Results The grade of nerve function improved distinctly in EPO treatment group (P<0.01).The expression of NF-κB in EPO group was lower than that of I/R group (P<0.01).Conclusion EPO can significantly improve the motor function of hind limbs in rabbits after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, which might be related with inhibition of the expressions of NF-κB.

Objective To prospectively evaluate the risk factors of complete resection in early gastric cancer (EGC) with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD),and to guide the choice of treatment methods.Methods This study prospectively evaluated the endoscopic features of 66 EGCs,including the lesion size,presence or absence of ulceration,the extent of differentiation,invasion depth and entire margins of the EGC,then compared them with postoperative pathologic results and analysed these factors.Results The lesion size of the high grade intmepithelial neoplasia (H) group and the intramucosal carcinoma (M) group were mainly less than 30 mm (90.9％ vs.88.5％),but 57.1％ of the submucosal carcinoma (SM) were more than 30 mm.There was a significant difference between any two of three groups (P ＜ 0.05).Fourteen EGCs who got ulceration without invasion beyond mucosal muscularis underwent ESD successfully,and the basal or dissected margin had no residual tumor cells confirmed pathologically.And no tumor cell infiltration or lymph node metastasis was discovered.Of 45 EGCs with ESD,the underestimation rate for horizontal extent determined by white light and chromoendoscopy was higher than that of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) (15.6％ vs.2.2％,P ＜0.05).Diagnostic accuracy for the extent of differenciation by conventional endoscopy was 93.9％ (31/32,P ＞ 0.1),but it's unable to determine the extent of differentiation by ME-NBI.The accuracy of the group H was 84.8％ (28/33),that of M was 57.7％ (15/26),that of SM was 71.4％ (5/7),and there was a significant difference between group H and group M (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion To achieve complete resection of EGC with ESD,the lesion more than 30 mm,presence of ulceration,undifferentiated type,deep infiltration should be considered as the risk factors,and it's also important to identify the horizontal extent of EGC to avoid unnecessary operation.

AIM:The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the ratio of transcription factors T-bet/GATA-3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cytokines from patients with asthma,and to examine whether and how CpG ODN intervention would restore the imbalanced Th1/Th2 profile in asthma patients.METHODS:Three groups of subjects with asthma(asthma group),chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD group),and normal controls(control group)were included in this study.T-bet,GATA-3 and TLR9 mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Th1 cytokine IFN-? and Th2 cytokines IL-4,IL-5 and IL-13 were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay(ELISA)in asthma group.Cultured PBMCs from asthma patients with CpG ODN incubation were collected for measuring T-bet,GATA-3 mRNA and TLR9 mRNA.RESULTS:The ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 in asthma group was significantly lower than that in the COPD group and control group.The serum levels of IL-4,IL-5 and IL-13 had positive correlation with the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 in asthmatic patients,and the lower serum level of IFN-? had negative correlation with the ratio.The TLR9 mRNA expression in asthma was significantly attenuated than that in COPD group and control group.Consequently,the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 in CpG group was significantly enhanced than that in control group.CONCLUSION:These results indicate that the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 in asthma is decreased and could represent the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells.CpG ODN influences the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3,upregulating the T-bet mRNA expression and downregulating the GATA-3 mRNA expression,which is able to reverse the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells.CpG-ODN may be a promising therapeutic target for asthma.