Objective To analyze the clinical risk factors of the occurrence of severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) after scleral reattachment surgery. Methods A total of 4 031 eyes of 4 031 consecutive patients with reghmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and PVR (grade C1 or less), on whom the scleral buckling was performed, were retrospectively studied. Twenty-two clinical characteristics of the patients (including the ocular tension, condition of lens and vitreous, characteristics of retinal detachment, whether or not with choroidal detachment, et al) were recorded. In 4 031 patients, 2 660 were followed up for more than 3 months, and 72 (in PVR group) of the 2 660 patients underwent the second surgery (vitreoretinal surgery) because of the occurrence of postoperative severe PVR; in the other 2 588patients, 72 (72 eyes) with retinal reattachment for more than 3 months were selected randomly as the control. The data were analyzed in SPSS (10.0) software. Results Logistic regression analysis revealed that the significant risk factors for PVR were incomplete posterior vitreous detachment (P2 DD,P

BACKGROUND: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is closely related to the high incident rate of diabetic heart failure. It is extremely significant to set up the successful dietetic cardiomyopathy model for the study on improving cardiac function.OBJECTIVE: To understand the influence of high blood sugar on myocardium by setting up the model of type 2 diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy.DESIGN: Completely randomized design, randomized and controlled study,in which, the experimental animals were taken as the objects.SETTING: Department of endocrinology of a university.METHODS: In the experiment, 99 newly born Wistar male rats were employed, randomized into experiment group (75 rats) and the control group(24 rats). In the control group, abdominal injection was done with sodium citrate buffer and the single abdominal injection was done with strptozocin(STZ)90 mg/kg in the experiment group. Ten weeks later, the glucose tolerance was assayed to determine the set-up of diabetes model. The ultrastructure of myocardium of rats was tested under electronic microscope after being sacrificed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To observer whether the myofibrillae and mitochondria of myocardiocytes alter or not in diabetic rats.RESULTS: In the experiment group, the fasting blood sugar[(8.87± 0.76)mmol/L] was slightly higher than that[ (5.88 ± 0. 45)mmol/L] in the control group, the blood sugar 2 hours after meal was remarkably higher than that in the control group and the glucose tolerance was abnormal. Under the electronic microscope, the myofibrillae presented focal degeneration and disarranged order of myofilament; mitochondria of myocardiocytes presented swelling and focal proliferation.CONCLUSION: This model is the satisfactory carrier for the study on diabetes Ⅱ and its myocardiopathy, which lays an experimental foundation for the study on cardiac function of type 2 diabetes.

Objective To improve the recognition of dermatomyositis (DM) complicated with intracranial neoplasma and to explore its pathogenesis aimed to collect the experience of diagnosis and treatment. Methods Twelve DM patients complicated with intracranial neoplasma were analysed and the literature of recent 23 years were reviewed. Results DM complicated with intracranial neoplasma was associated with the p53 genic mutation and it was rare because of blood-brain barrier and scanty of lymphocytes in brain tissue. Correct diagnosis depended on clinical manifestations and the computerized tomography or the magnetic resonance imaging of brain. Glucocorticoid was the first choice treatment.However, removal the neoplasma was necessary. Conclusion DM complicated with intracranial neoplasma is rare. Clinicians should make the diagnosis promptly and chosen the appropriate treatment.

Objective To explore the protective effect of ozone oxidative preconditioning on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Eighteen 8-week-old SPF Sprague-Dawley male rats weighting 250 ～300 g were randomly divided into three groups (n =6 each):sham operation group (group S),ischemia/reperfusion group (group I/R) and ozone oxidative preconditioning group (group O3 + I/R).In Group O3 + I/R,rats received five-day preconditioning treatments by intraperitoneal injection of ozone and oxygen mixed gases (ozone concentration 50 mg/L,1 mg · kg-1 · d-1),and then experienced the procedure of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.Model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury was established by clamping the branches of hepatic artery and portal vein in the median and left lateral hepatic lobes for 45 min,followed by 3-h reperfusion.After reperfusion,blood samples were taken from the aorta abdominalis for detecting serum aminotransferases (ALT & AST).These rats were executed and the hepatic tissue samples were collected for measuring hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level.Results Compared with group S,concentrations of serum ALT,AST and hepatic MDA were increased in group I/R and O3 + I/R;concentrations of hepatic SOD were decreased (P ＜ 0.05) in group I/R,but concentration of hepatic SOD was increased in group O3 + I/R.Compared with group IR,concentrations of serum ALT,AST and hepatic MDA were decreased,while concentration of hepatic SOD was increased in group O3 + I/R (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ozone oxidative preconditioning could inhibit the lipid peroxidation to protect the rats against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the intraocular pressure during laparoscopic gastrectomy.Methods Forty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 34-64 yr,weighing 45-81 kg,scheduled for elective laparoscopic gastrectomy,were randomly divided into 2 groups with 20 patients in each group using a random number table:control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).In group D,a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 15 min,followed by continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine at 0.4 μg·kg-1 · h-1 until the end of surgery.In group C,normal saline 0.25 ml/kg was infused intravenously over 15 min,followed by continuous infusion of normal saline at 0.1 ml·kg-1 · h-1 until the end of surgery.Anesthesia was induced with propofol,sufentanil and rocuronium.After tracheal intubation,intermittent positive pressure ventilation was carried out.PET CO2 was maintained at 33-36 mmHg.Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane,propofol,cisatracurium and sufentanil.The pressure of carbon dioxide insufflation was maintained at 9-14 mmHg and airway pressure was maintained at 11-23 cmH2O.Intraocular pressure was measured at 5 min after intubation (T1),at 5,30 and 60 min of pneumoperitoneum (T2-4),and at 5,30 and 60 min after pneumoperitoneum (T5-6).Results Compared with the value at T1,intraocular pressure was significantly increased at T2-6 in group C,and intraocular pressure was increased at T3-5 in group D.Intraocular pressure was significantly lower at T3-5 in group D than in group C.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can decrease the intraocular pressure during laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound-guided nasotracheal intubation in the patients undergoing oral maxillofacial surgery by comparing with blind intubation.Methods Forty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-75 yr,weighing 45-90 kg,scheduled for elective oral maxillofacial surgery,were randomly divided into blind intubation group (group B,n =20) and ultrasound group (group U,n =20) according to a random number table.Nasotracheal intubation was performed after routine topical analgesia and conscious sedation.The front end of catheter was adjusted to the aditus glottidis according to the sound of respiratory air,and tracheal intubation was placed when the strongest inspiratory phase appeared in group B.A linear array probe (frequency 7-15 MHz) was used,and the images of glottis expansion and wired catheter insertion were visualized in the thyroid cartilage window in U group.Before intubation and at 0,1,3 and 5 min after successful intubation,mean arterial pressure (MAP),HR and SpO2 were recorded.The development of responses to intubation was recorded during intubation.The successful intubation at first attempt,the number of intubation,intubation time,and postoperative complications such as sore throat or hoarseness were recorded.Results Compared with group B,the number of intubation was significantly reduced,intubation time was shortened,the rate of successful intubation at first attempt was increased,the failure rate of intubation and incidence of sore throat and hoarseness were decreased,and no significant changes were found in the parameters of hemodynamics and incidence of responses to intubation in group U.No intraoperative awareness of intubation occurred in patients.Conclusion Compared with blind intubation,ultrasound-guided nasotracheal intubation can raise the probability of successful intubation at first attempt,reduce the number of intubation,and shorten intubation time,and it is safe and convenient and provides significant value clinically for the patients undergoing oral maxillofacial surgery.

Objective To report the diagnosis and treatment of an imported case of schistosomiasis haematobium,including the pathological features of the disease and therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel. Methods The data of the patient with schistoso?miasis haematobium were collected,and the pathological features of the bladder tissue were observed under a microscope. More?over,the patient was treated with praziquantel,and his urine was collected before and after the treatment. The eggs in the urine were examined by a microscope after sediment and the miracidia were hatched. Results The patient once worked in Angola for three months,and after returning home he had the symptoms of intermittent painless terminal hematuresis. It was ineffective af?ter anti?inflammatory treatment in a number of hospitals. There were no sand spots discovered under the cystoscope. However , the inflammatory reaction to parasite with a lot of eosinophils infiltration in the bladder mucosa was found on the pathological sec?tions under a microscope,and the egg structure was observed with individual characteristics. The eggs were detected in the urine and the miracidia were hatched before the praziquantel treatment. The hematuria symptoms disappeared after the praziquantel treatment. The eggs were still detected in the urine 7 days post?treatment,but the miracidium could not be hatched. One month and 6 months post?treatment,the eggs were not detected in the urine. Conclusions The imported cases of schistosomiasis hae?matobium are often misdiagnosed,and therefore,it is necessary to strength the health education to the workers overseas and also to improve the ability of diagnosis in medical staff. For the case reported in this paper,there are typical structure of Schistosoma haematobium eggs and egg?granulomas on the pathological sections of bladder tissues. Praziquantel has satisfactory treatment re?sults.

Objective: To investigate the anti-oxidation activity of astaxanthin. Method: Free radical scavenging properties were investigated in modified chemical system. The antioxidation activity of astaxanthin and vitamin E for linoleic acid autooxidation, hydroxy radical and DPPH radical was detected by spectrophotometry. Results: Astaxanthin could inhibit autooxidation of linoleic acid effectively and its inhibition and elimination rate to hydroxy radical was higher than vitamin E. The elimination rate was 95.98% at the concentration of 50 ?g/ml astaxanthin. Although the effect of astaxanthin on eliminating DPPH radical was slightly lower than vitamin E, but the elimination rate still high to 97.0% at concentration of 80 ?g/ml. Conclusion: Astaxanthin has obvious anti-oxidation activity.

Objective To investigate the level and clinical significance of laminin (LN) and hyalu-ronic acid (HA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with neuropsychiatric lupus (NPLE). Methods The level of LN and HA in CSF in 31 cases of NPLE, 36 cases of no-NPLE SLE, 23 cases of no-SLE cerebrovascular disease and 39 normal controls were messured by radioimmunoassay method. Results The level of LN and HA in CSF of NPLE patients was higher than that of the no-NPLE, no-SLE cerebrovascular disease and normal controls (P

Objective To understand the eco-hydraulics characteristics of Biomphalaria straminea,the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. Methods The drainage method and settlement tube method were applied to measure B. straminea's den-sity and hydrostatic settling velocity respectively. Results The density of B. straminea was 1.04-1.16 g/cm3,and the average value was 1.08 g/cm3. The hydrostatic settling velocity was 2.32-12.92 cm/s. Conclusions The eco-hydraulics characteristics of B. straminea is different from Oncomelania hupensis,and more attention should be paid to the hydraulic measures for the con-trol of B. straminea.