Objective:To understand the current situation of human resources in the hemodialysis centers of different levels of hospitals in Beijing, and to provide reference data for themedical institutions at all levels to adjust the related human resources programs.Methods:Based on the self-designed questionnaire, the basic situation of 123 hemodialysis centers and the allocation of human resources of doctors, nurses and engineers in medical institutions of Beijing were investigated and analyzed.Results:Each nurse in hemodialysis center was responsible for (4.98± 0.74) hemodialysis patients at the same time in each treatment shift. The specialized nurses accounted for 23.32% of the total registered nurses. The ratio of engineers to dialysis machines was 1∶25.76. The proportion of doctors, nurses and engineers with intermediate professional titles or above was 82.47%, 33.08% and 29.81% respectively. The proportion of doctors with graduate education or above was 51.13%. The proportion of nurses and engineers with bachelor degree or above was 56.12% and 51.56% respectively. The differences in the professional titles and the highest academic qualifications of the employees (doctors, nurses and engineers) between tertiary hospitals and non-tertiary hospitals were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The number of personnel in Beijing hemodialysis centers is basically in a similar proportion, but there are some differences between the hemodialysis centers of tertiary hospitals and those of non-tertiary hospitals in terms of age composition, working years, professional titles and educational background. It is necessary to optimize the allocation of human resources in hemodialysis centers of different levels of hospitals, further strengthen the training of professional talents and the cooperation of multidisciplinary teams, to promote the sustainable development of medical service quality.

BACKGROUND: In the research of biomaterial, especially bio-coatings field, how to find a good biological and mechanical properties basal body, and to prepare coatings with uniform and compact surface and strong bonding force, is the key factor in clinical Application of artificial prosthesis. OBJECTIVE: To review the progress of bio-coatings.METHODS: Databases of CNKI, VIP, and Science Direct were retrieved with key words of "Biocoatings, HAp, Titanium, Carbon/carbon composites" to search papers published from January 1998 to October 2009. PApers underlying bio-coatings were selected. Totally 216 literatures were initial searched, according to inclusive criteria, 31 literature were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: By contrasting the basal bodies made of titanium or carbon/carbon and different coating preparation, we found that the basal body composed of carbon/carbon composites exhibited good biocompatibility, which had similar strength to natural bone. Using hydrothermal method, the composites coating prepared by taking carbon/carbon as basal body and hydroxyApatite, chitosan, or polymethyl methacrylate as coatings provided a new idea for increasing the combing strength between coatings and basal body.

Objective To analyze the clinical presentations and radiological characteristics of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).Methods Clinical and radiological data of 2 patients with acute exacerbation of IPF from April 2006 to July 2008 were retrospectively analyzed and literatures were reviewed.Results Both patients were senior male patients over 60 years old.Dyspnea, cough and inspiratory crackles were the major symptoms and signs.Two patients were experiencing an exacerbation of dyspnea for one week and half of month,respectively.PaO2/FiO2 of both patients was less than 225 mm Hg.In both patients, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans at the exacerbation showed typical signs of IPF including peripheral predominant, basal predominant reticular abnormality, with honeycombing and traction bronchiectasis and bronchiolectasis,and newly developing alveolar opacity.HRCT scan showed peripheral area of ground-glass attenuation adjacent to subpleural honeycombing in one patient,and diffusely distributed ground-glass opacity in another patient.Two patients had received cortieosteroid treatment.For one patient, the symptoms improved, and ground-glass attenuation adjacent to subpleural honeycombing had almostly resolved.The other patient died of respiratory failure.Conclusions Some acute exacerbation in idiopatic pulmonary fibrosis can be idiopathic.The chnical presentations mainly include the worsening of dyspnea within short time.HRCT generally demonstrates new bilateral ground-glass abnormality with or without areas of consolidation, superimposed on typical changes of IPF.

Objective To obtain the molecular epidemiology of human Parechovirus (HPeV)infections m children with central nervous system (CNS)-related disease and sepsis,as well as understand the pathogenic properties of HPeV infections by detecting HPeV in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples.Methods From January to December in the year of 2009,a total of 359enterovirus-negative specimens including 210 CSF and 149 blood samples were collected from 328children ＜14 years of age who were hospitalized for CNS-related disease and sepsis at Children's Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai,China.HPeV was detected by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and then directly genotyped by sequencing nested RT-PCR product of VP3/VP1 region.Ninty-nine blood samples from healthy children were collected as controls during the same period.Results Twenty-seven children (8.2％) were HPeV positive in 328 children.HPeV infections were found in all age groups of children and the highest frequency was seen in children ＜3 months old (18.2％,12/66).HPeV was detected in several months,with the peak in December (18.8％,9/48).Of all the positive samples,20 were genotyped successfully and identified to be HPeV1.No HPeV infections were found in blood of healthy controls.ConclusionsHPeV is the pathogen of CNS infections and sepsis in children.HPeV screening should be enrolled in the routine virus testing in specimens obtained from children.HPeV1 is the prevalent type in children in the year of 2009 in Shanghai.

Objective To investigate the dynamic characteristic of molecular epidemiology of group A Rotavirus (RV) by analyzing viral genotypes,disease seasonality,and the patients' age distribution,so that to provide theoretical basis for preyention and control of RV diarrhea in children.MethodsA total of 380 RV antigen positive samples were selected from 5176 stool specimens collected from ＜5 year-old patients with acute diarrhea who were admitted to Children's Hospital of Fudan University during January 2006 to December 2008. Multiplex nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the RV genotypes.ResultsDuring 2006-2008,the incidence of RV related diarrhea peaked from October to December and about 96.8％ of all RV episodes occurred in patients younger than 3 years old,The predominant genotype was G3 which accounted for 58.4％ (222/380),G9 was an emerging genotype with the prevalence rate as high as 10.8％ (41/380).G1 and G2 types were rarely found during the three years.Infections with both G3 and G9 were the major mixed genotype G infection. Genotype P [8] was predominant with the prevalence rates of 64.6％ (53/82) and 46.8％ (58/124) in 2006 and 2008,respectively,whereasgenotype P[4] was predominant in 2007 (38,5％,67/174).P[6] and P[9] were found as minor types.The major mixed genotype P infection were genotype P[4] and P[8]. The proportion of undetermined genotype G and genotype P strains tended to increasing during 2006-2008.Genotype P [8]G3 was the major RV strain (20.5％) in Shanghai during 2006-2008 and the other prevalent genotypes included P[4]G3 and P[m]G3.Conclusion The infection of group A RV in Shanghai presents some new molecular epidemiology characteristics during 2006-2008,such as switch of predominant genotypes and diversification of prevalent genotypes.

Objective:To investigate the cognitive status of the elderly in rural areas and explore the characteristics and influencing factors of subjective cognitive decline (SCD).Methods:A baseline survey was conducted among 5 765 rural elderly people aged 60 years old or above from March to September 2018.Subjective cognitive decline questionnaire(SCD-Q9), mini-mental state examination(MMSE), verbal fluency test (VFT), Chinese auditory verbal learning test (CAVLT), digital span test(DST)and activities of daily living(ADL)were used in the survey.The result of the survey indicated that there were 2 654 subjects with SCD (SCD group) and 1 008 subjects with normal cognitive function (NC group). Social support rating scale (SSRS) and short version of geriatric depression scale-15(GDS-15) were used to evaluate their psychosocial status.Descriptive analysis and Logistic regression analysis were conducted by SPSS 26.0 software.Results:(1) Compared with NC group, the SCD group had the following characteristics: delayed recognition rate(8.25 ±2.51), (12.38 ±2.53), reverse digit span (2.63±1.37), (3.69±1.45), social support (69.81±8.71), (64.40±9.44), GDS-15 (2.27±2.63), (1.31±2.17), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the following characteristics: MMSE score (21.62±5.73), (21.47±5.84), speech fluency (27.80±7.35), (28.25±7.56), ADL score (20.70±1.35), (20.77±1.30), all P>0.05.(2) There were no significant differences in diet structure, blood glucose, blood lipid, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, epilepsy and coronary heart disease between SCD group and NC group (all P>0.05). (3)SCD was mainly affected by age( β=0.06, OR=2.29, 95% CI=1.09-4.85), depression( β=-0.01, OR=2.96, 95% CI=0.68-4.94), hypertension( β=-0.17, OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.11-2.15), and low level of social support( β=2.07, OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.32-2.12) (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The scores of delayed recognition and reverse digit span in patients with SCD are lower than those with normal cognitive function.The other objective cognitive functions are basically normal.Old age, low social support level, depression, low education level and hypertension are the risk factors of SCD.

Objective To compare the molecular epidemic characteristics of human astrovirus (HAstV) between outpatient and hospitalized children with acute diarrhea,and to investigate the relationship between HAstY infection and diarrhea in children.Methods A total of 298 cases were randomly collected from hospitalized children from January 2008 to December 2010 in Children's Hospital of Fudan University,and 360 specimens were collected from outpatients with acute diarrhea from August 2010 to July 2011.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect rotavirus (RV),human calicivirus (HuCV),HAstV and human adenovirus (HAdV).H AstV genotype was determined by gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.Results Epidemiology of HAstV in hospitalized children was as follows:among the included 298 samples,HAstV was detected in 27.2％ (81/298) of the patients,compared with 33.9％ (42/124),33.8％ (25/74) and 14.0％ (14/100),respectively from 2008 to 2010.HAstV diarrhea occurred throughout the year and peaked in January,March,and April.95.1％ (77/81) of the infected children were 0-35 months old.All the episodes of HAstV were mixed with other diarrhea virus infection.Molecular epidemiology of HAstV in outpatient children with diarrhea was as follows:the overall incidence of HAstV was 1.9 ％ among the 360 cases (7/360).The seasonal distribution of HAstV's gastroenteritis showed a peak in November.All the outpatient children were 0-35 months old.Three cases were single infection with HAstV and the others were coinfection with RV (3 cases) or HAdV (1 case).All of the detected HAstV,either in inpatients or outpatients,belonged to HAstV-1.Conclusions The detection rate of HAstV in hospitalized children is significantly higher than that in outpatients.Most HAstV infections in hospitalized children are ascribed to nosocomial infections.Most episodes of HAstV infection were accompanied with other diarrhea viruses infection.HAstY single infection is seen in outpatient children while the detection rate is very low,implying that HAstV co-infection with other viruses plays a main role in diarrhea in most instances.

Purpose To explore the independent predictors of malignant solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) manifesting as ground-glass nodule (GGN),and to establish a prediction model.Materials and Methods The clinical data and CT images of 362 patients (group A) with pathological-confirmed SPN appearing as GGN in Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University from January 2014 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The independent predictors of malignant SPN were identified,and the clinical prediction model was established.Another 119 SPN patients in Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were selected as group B to verify the diagnostic efficiency of the prediction model.Results Using multivariate Logistic regression analysis,clear border (OR=6.274,P＜0.01),smooth edge (OR=0.391,P＜0.01),lobulation (OR=3.387,P＜0.01),pleural retraction sign (OR=2.430,P＜0.01),and vocule sign (OR=3.076,P＜0.01)were identified as independent predictors of malignant SPN.The area of the model under the ROC curve was 0.859 with 95％ CI (0.804-0.903).The diagnostic accuracy rate,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 85.92％,91.03％,81.97％,92.03％ and 73.53％,respectively.Conclusion In this study,the independent predictors of malignant SPN appearing as GGN were identified,and the prediction model was established.The model can accurately identify SPN and provide effective help for early diagnosis of SPN.

Receptor-like kinase involves self-incompatibility, male sterility, stress responses, and disease resistance. To better understand the physiological function and biological characteristics of rice receptor-like kinase, we cloned five predicted epitope fragments of rice receptor-like kinase. The purified fusion protein was used as antigen to immunize rabbit to get specific polyclonal antibodies. Western blotting analysis shows that the five receptor-like kinases were expressed in rice leaves.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Epitopes ; immunology ; Immunization ; Oryza ; enzymology ; genetics ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Plantibodies ; immunology ; metabolism ; Protein Kinases ; genetics ; immunology ; Rabbits

ObjectiveTo investigate clinical features and outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients with remote symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICHr) after intravenous thrombolysis.MethodsThe acute ischemic stroke patients with sICHr after intravenous thrombolysis therapy were enrolled retrospectively.The clinical data were collected and the related literature was analyzed and summarized.ResultsA total of 6 acute ischemic stroke patients with sICHr were enrolled, including 4 males.Three patients had a history of using antiplatelet agents, 2 with atrial fibrillation, 4 with hypertension, 3 with previous stroke history, 4 with smoking history, and 4 had sICHr at 2 h after intravenous thrombolysis.Of the 14 hemorrhagic foci (except in the infarct areas), 10 were in the cerebral cortex.Three patients died within 1 week, and 1 was in a persistent vegetative state.Conclusions SICHr after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke is mainly located in the cerebral cortex.The outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients with SICHr after intravenous thrombolysis are poor, and the mortality is high.