Objective To investigate the association between human leukocyte antigen DRB1gene (HLA-DRB1) polymorphisms and asthma among Mongolian and Han peoples in China. Methods Sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) was used to detect frequencies of HLA DRB1 alleles in 45 Han and 45 Mongolian patients of asthma, as well as 46 healthy Han and 45 healthy Mongolian people as controls. Frequencies of each locus of HLA-DRB1 gene were calculated and odds ratio (OR) for each locus was estimated and tested by chi-square test. Results Frequency of HLA-DR9 allele was significantly higher in Han ( 13.33 %, OR of 7. 82) and Mongolian ( 16.67 %, OR of 4. 10) asthmatic patients, as compared to Han ( 2. 22 % ) and Mongolian ( 5.43 % ) controls, respectively ( P < 0. 05 ) ;frequency of HLA-DR11 allele in Mongolian asthmatic patients ( 10. 00 % ) was significantly higher than that in healthy Mongolians ( 1.11% ) ( P < 0. 05, OR of 11.00 ) ;and frequency of HLA-DR7 allele in Han asthmatic patients was significantly lower than that in healthy Han people ( P < 0. 05, OR of 0. 08 ). Frequency of HLA-DR7 allele in Han asthmatic patients (1.11% ) was significantly lower than that in Mongolian patients (10. 87 % ). Conclusions HLA-DR9 allele is a common in the people of Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, and associated with susceptibility of asthma in Han and Mongolian peoples. HLA-DR11 allele is a unique susceptive gene for Mongolian asthmatic patients and HLA-DR7 allele is a protecting one for asthma in Han people.

Objective To compare the predictive values of the classification of clinical symptoms(OCSP classification), brain images and artery abnormalities on prognosis of cerebral infarction. Methods Totally 116 acute ischemic stroke patients were divided into 4 subtypes based on the OCSP clinical classification. Lesion distributions were classified into cortical infarction, basal ganglion infarction, centrum ovale infarction and posterior infarction according to brain MRI image. Artery abnormalities were grouped into large artery disease and small artery disease according to the results of transcranial doppler, brain MRA, carotid duplex sonography or cerebral angiograph. The neurological function of patients 1 year after onset was evaluated by Barthel index and Rankin scale. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were graphed, and log-rank testing was performed to investigate the differences among stroke subtypes. Results OCSP clinical classification and brain image classification predicted the neurological function recovery 1 year after stroke onset, but it might be based on the size of the lesion whether it caused a dominant factor or not. Patients with small artery disease were found having a lower recurrence and mortality rate, as compared those with large artery diseases(0 vs 17.9%, Log-rank test, P=0.03). Conclusions There might be differences in predictive value among these 3 classification methods upon the prognosis of cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) plus ribavirin to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence, and analyze possible factors associated with sustained viral responses (SVR). Methods The enrolled 39 patients, who had recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation and received antiretroviral therapy, were analyzed. Treatment was discontinued in 21 patients due to side effects, and the remaining 18 patients [13 males, 5 female,median age of 54 (27-67) years, treatment duration of 25-105 weeks)] were subjected to whole standard treatment. During the treatment, HCV RNA was measured at 4, 12, 24, and 24 weeks after HCV negative change as well as drug withdrawal. SVR was defined as HCV RNA negativity within 24 weeks after the drug withdrawal. The following variables were analyzed: ages, gender,pretreatment viral load, genotype, early viral response (EVR), levels of alanine aminotransferase before treatment and their association with SVR. Results The mean treatment duration was 57weeks with an SVR achieved in 4/18 (22. 2 %). Statistical analysis revealed that the genotype of non1B (P=0.023), RNA ＜106 copy/ml (P= 0. 044) before treatment and EVR (P=0.019) were the variables associated with SVR. Conclusion Genotype of nor-1B, low level RNA before treatment and EVR were the effective predictors of interferon antiviral therapy for recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation.

As the early stage of dementia, vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCI-ND) has become a hot research topic in recent years. The effective identification of VCI-ND has important clinical significance for prevention and decreasing of dementia. This article reviews the advances in research on neuropsychology, neuroimaging, biological markers, as well as the prevention and treatment of VCI-ND.

Objective To design and develop an intelligent material cabinet system in the department to execute informatized management of auto replenishment,quality safety and statistical query.Methods The intelligent material cabinet system had the functions of auto replenishment after inventory prewarning,recalling material record after login of an authorized user,and quality control of enterprise qualification and expiration prewarning.Mircosoft.Net technology framework,C/S architecture design and MS SQL Server database were involved in to develop the system,which was composed of a weighing cell,an electronic display screen,a material tray,an intelligent material cabinet and etc.The cabinet system had uniprocessor and network versions,and realized medical material fine management based on the hospital intranet.Results The cabinet system contributed to standardized operation,high-efficiency transport and quality safety.Conclusion The cabinet system behaves well in standardized,streamlined and informatized medical material management,and thus is worthy promoting practically.

Objective To observe the changes of CD_(28) and soluble CD_(27)(sCD_(27)) among HIV-1-infected Chinese patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) and to explore their clinical significance.Methods The HIV-RNA viral load(VL) and cell counts of CD_3~+CD_4~+,CD_3~+CD_8~+,CD_4~+CD_(45)RA~+CD_(62)L~+,CD_4~+CD_(28)~+,CD_8~+CD_(28)~+ and the content of sCD_(27) were determined in 28 cases of HIV-1-infected patients at the baseline and 12,24 and 48 weeks respectively after the treatment with three drug regimens based on two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs) and an Non-NRTI(NNRTI) for 1 year.Results The average of HIV-RNA VL before the treatment was 5.25 logs,and decreased to 3.30,1.92 and 1.74 logs after the treatment for 12,24 and 48 weeks respectively.The cell counts of CD_3~+CD_4~+,CD_3~+CD_8~+,CD_4~+CD_(45)RA~+62L~+,CD_4~+CD_(28)~+,CD_8~+CD_(28)~+ before the treatment were(236?85),(917?345),(58?15),(175?63) and(285?87) cells/?l,and changed into(327?112),(803?343),(114?25),(286?132) and(387?201) cells/?l after the treatment for 48 weeks respectively.The content of sCD_(27) decreased from(475?123) U/ml to(174?77) U/ml after the treatment for 48 weeks.The HIV RNA VL had significantly negative correlation with cell counts of CD_4~+T,CD_4~+CD_(28)~+ and CD_8~+CD_(28)~+,and there was positive correlation between HIV RNA VL and the level of sCD_(27).Conclusion The immune reconstitution and activation depend on the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy.The HIV RNA VL and cell counts of CD_4~+T are the representative parameters of immunologic and viral responses of HAART.The cell counts of CD_4~+CD_(28)~+ and CD_8~+CD_(28)~+ and their percentages show concomitant changes with viral load,and play an effective role in the progression and prognosis of AIDS.The level of sCD_(27) is positively correlated with HIV RNA VL and negatively with counts of CD_4~+T cell.The detection of sCD_(27) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),which is much more convenient and cheaper than RT-PCR and flow cytometry,may serve as an important parameter to judge the pathogenetic condition of HIV-1-infected patients and to examine the therapeutic effects of HAART in the medical resource-limited area.

Patient′s expectation has been defined as the anticipation that given events were likely to occur during, or as an outcome of, health care. What people expect from their health care are potentially important in predicting patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction with their care, treatment and health outcomes. There was widespread recognition of the importance of evaluating services from consumer perspectives. In this article, domestic and foreign research in recent years, expectations status, significance and various influencing factors in relation to the expectations in processes of health care were summarized. Consumer evaluations of their health care are now an established component of quality assessment, planners need to understand the expectations underlying patients′views in order to interpret their feedback. Thus leading to improve patient satisfaction and the social evaluation of medical units.

AIM: To study the effect of peach seed (semen Persicae) on gene expression of mouse with sarcoma 180 by means of DNA microarray. METHODS: DNA microarrays were made by spotting PCR products of 4096 mice cDNA noto a specially treated glass slides. The probes were prepared by labeling experimental and control group tumor tissue mRNA with Cy3 dUTP and Cy5 dUTP separately through reverse transcription. The arrays were then hybridized against the cDNA probe mixture and the fluorescent signals were scanned. The data obtained were analyzed from two repeated experiments. RESULTS: 64 genes were obtained by computer processing. CONCLUSION: These genes identified through this approach are considered as potential candidates for PSPA anti tumor effect.

This study aims to explore the differences of event-related potential (ERP) between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal children, so that these differences provide scientific basis for the diagnosis of ADHD. Eight children were identified to be ADHD group by the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV), and the control group also consisted of 8 normal children. Modified visual-continuous performance test (CPT) was used as the experiment paradigm. The experiment included two major conditions, i. e. Go and NoGo. All the 16 subjects participated in the study. A high density EEG acquisition instrument was used to record the EEG signal and processed these EEG data by means of ERP and spectrum analysis. P2-N2 peak-peak value and spectral peak around 11 Hz were analyzed between ADHD subjects and those in the control group, and then statistical tests were applied to these two groups. Results showed that: (1) Under the condition of Go, ADHD group had a significant lower P2-N2 peak-peak value than the values in the control group (P < 0.05); but under the condition of NoGo there was no significant difference in between. (2) Compared with the control group, the ADHD group had significant lower spectral amplitude around 11 Hz under the condition of NoGo (P < 0.05). However, under the condition of Go the difference was insignificant. In conclusion, there is certain cognitive dysfunction in ADHD children. P2-N2 peak-peak value and spectral peak around 11 Hz could be considered as clinical evaluation indexes of ADHD children's cognitive function. These two objective indexes provide an early diagnosis and effective treatment of ADHD.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Brain ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cognition Disorders ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans

Objective Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( MMP-9 ) and serum level of high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected to investigate their distributions between patients with stable stroke and those with asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis and to explore their clinical significance. Methods The mean level of the serum hs-CRP of the group with recurrent stroke (2.34 mg/L)was the highest, followed by that of the group with the stable stroke( 1.45 mg/L),asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis ( 1.31 mg/L) and control group (0.96 mg/L) ( P = 0.001 ). The level of the MMP-9 was in sequence of recurrent stroke group ( 121.82 ± 72.99 ) μg/L ＞ asymptomaticintracranial artery stenosis group ( 119.18 ± 80.01 ) μg/L ＞ stable stroke group( 112.76 ± 59.66) μg/L,while no statistical significance was found among groups( P = 0.947 ). However, the level of MMP-9 of three patient groups( 118.08 ± 71.06 ) μg/L was significant higher than control group( 57.55 ± 10.44 )μg/L (P ＜0.001 ). The spearman analysis for the relationship showed that the concentration of MMP-9 was positively associated with that of hs-CRP ( r = 0.337, P ＜ 0.001 ). Conclusions The hs-CRP maintained a high level in stable stage of stroke. The MMP-9 level in the patients group was significant higher than control group and the level of MMP-9 was positively associated with that of hs-CRP which suggested MMP-9 might be correlated with atherosclerosis other than stroke occurrence.