Objective To determine the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise program on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity ( baPWV) in sedentary and under-exercised healthy older adults. Methods A total of 35 sedentary and unfit but healthy older adults with mean age of 74.7 years were randomly assigned to a progressively increased intensity aerobic exercise group ( n = 17) or a control group ( n = 18). The exercise group performed aerobic exercise 3 times each week for 12 weeks. The control group didn't participate in the exercise program. Heart rate,blood pressure and baPWV were evaluated at admission to the aerobic exercise program and at the end of the 12 weeks in both groups. Results The mean baPWV in the aerobic exercise group decreased from 15.88 m/s to 14.62 m/s after exercise, a significant reduction. Blood pressure in the exercise group showed a decrease which was not significant. No significant improvement was identified in the control group. Conclusions Only 12 weeks of aerobic exercise with progressively increased intensity can improve arterial elasticity in sedentary and unfit older adults.

Objective To analysis the effective ingredients in Huanglianjiedu decoction under different decocting conditions. Methods The detecting method of HPLC was established and the ingredients in Huanglianjiedu decoction under different decocting time and times were analyzed. Result Water- soluble glycoside of gardenoside and baicalin reached balance of dissolution within 20 min and their dissolution rate were about 82% and 60% respectively. Water-soluble alkaloids of berberine and palmatine reached balance of dissolution within 30 min and their dissolution rate were about 45%. The dissolution rate of wogonin was 31% at 60 min. The dissolution rate of Crocin-Ⅰ reached top at 20 min and fell down after 20 min. Decocting times for fat-soluble constitutes was more important than water-soluble constitutes. Conclusion The decocting condition has effect on the dissolution rate and stability of the ingredients in Huanglianjiedu decoction. The decocting condition is very important to the quality control of decoction.

Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of zhidanhuayu decoction on patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque.Methods 80 patients with carotid atherosclerosis were randomly divided into two groups, each group of 40 cases, the control group was treated with rosuvastatin calcium 20 mg, once every night.The treatment group in the control group on the basis of a scheme based on the use of night zhidanhuayu decoction water 500 mL temperature and heat to 200 mL, then add water and cook until 200 mL to 100 mL, on the afternoon of two phase decoction against half amount of clothes, a daily agent;the two groups were 3 months for 1 courses.Before and after treatment, the mean medial thickness(IMT), plaque score, blood lipid and adverse reactions were observed.Results There was significant difference between the two groups before and after treatment, the difference was significant between the medial and middle thickness(IMT), plaque score and blood lipid(P< 0.05).After treatment, compared with the control group, the treatment group and the control group, IMT, plaque score, blood lipids were statistically significant(P< 0.05).Conclusion Zhidanhuayu decoction can adjust the blood lipids, but also has the effect of anti atherosclerosis.

Objective To summarize the perioperational nursing strategies for patients undergoing mandibular defect repair by forearm flap composite fibula flap.Methods From January 2009 to December 2012,9 patients with mandibular defect and soft tissue defects after resection of malignant tumors received fibula flap and forearm flap.Before operation,the patient received psychological education and the preparation of donor flap and receptor area together with oral preparation was performed.After operation,the vital signs and blood circulation in the flap were observed.Results The fibula and forearm flaps in 8 patients survived.The fibula flap in one patient survived while the forearm flap developed with vascular crisis.The success rate for the transplanted flap was 89.9%. Conclusion The perioperative nursing strategies are key to increase survival rate of flaps and the success rate of operation.

AIM:To investigate the protective effects of adenosine on cultured rat hippocampal neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation. METHODS:The control and adenosine-treated hippocampal neurons cultured for 12 d were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation environment for 0.5-4 h and then cultured with original medium in normoxia for 24 h . The soma area,survival rate, effluxes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)and apoptosis of neurons were observed. RESULTS:The soma area, effluxes of lactate dehydrogenase from neurons and apoptosis were increased while survival rate of neurons was decreased after oxygen-glucose deprivation compared with those pre-oxygen-glucose deprivation. Compared with the control, after oxygen-glucose deprivation the soma area, effluxes of lactate dehydrogenase from neurons and apoptosis were decreased, however, the survival rate of neurons was increased in the adenosine group.CONCLUSION: Oxygen-glucose deprivation can lead to the severe damage of cultured hippocampal neurons, and adenosine can reduce neuronal injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation.

AIM: To determine the effects of NF-?B on the development of rat pancreatic fibrosis mediated by angiotensin II. METHODS: Spraque-Dawley rats (200-300g) were randomly divided into normal group, control group and losartan-treatment group. Pancreatic fibrosis was induced by injection of 2% TNBS into biliopancreatic duct. Rats in losartan-treatment group and control group were respectively treated with losartan (10 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) by gavage and the same volume of saline vehicle. The expression, distribution, and activation of NF-?B were studied by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and TransAM~(TM). Toluidine blue staining and transmission electron microscopy were also used to observe the number, distribution and degranulation of mast cells. In addition, RT-PCR was performed to detect the intrapancreatic ICAM-1 mRNA expression. RESULTS: The expression and activity of intrapancreatic NF-?B p65 protein were significantly increased on day 3 after operation, reaching peak on day 7 [(0.406?0.086) mg/g total protein]. Mast cell activation was observed and ICAM-1 mRNA levels on day 3 and 7 were up-regulated in control group. Losartan treatment inhibited NF-?B expression and activation, reduced mast cell infiltration and degranulation and decreased ICAM-1 mRNA expression compared with control rats. CONCLUSION: It might be associated with the expression and activation of NF-?B that angiotensin II mediates inflammation and fibrosis in the early stage of pancreatic fibrosis. [

AIM: To examine the effects of PPAR? activation on the growth of human pancreatic carcinoma in vitro and to explore the role of NF-?B and activator protein-1 (AP-1) in this process. METHODS: SW-1990 pancreatic cancer cells were treated with ligand of RXR?, 9-cis-RA, ligand of PPAR?, 15d-PGJ_2, and both. Antiproliferative effect was evaluated by using MTT assay; the expression of NF-?B p65 active protein was assayed by using TransAM~TM technique. Expression of c-jun and c-fos by SW1990 cells, which were treated with 15d-PGJ_2, 9-cis-RA and both at varying concentrations, were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: MTT assay demonstrated that 15d-PGJ_2, 9-cis-RA and the combination of both had a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of SW1990 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 9-cis-RA had a synergic action with 15d-PGJ_2 on the growth inhibition of pancreatic carcinoma. TransAM~TM showed a down-regulation trend of P65 active protein in SW1990 cells treated with 15d-PGJ_2, 9-cis-RA and both. RT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of c-jun mRNA in 15d-PGJ_2, 9-cis-RA and the combination of both-treated cells were firstly increased and then decreased, the expression of c-fos was decreased in 15d-PGJ_2 or 9-cis-RA treated SW1990 cells, but increased in cells treated with both 15d-PGJ_2 and 9-cis-RA. CONCLUSION: Activation of PPAR? exerts a negative regulatory effect on the growth of pancreatic carcinoma in vitro. Activation of RXR? has a synergic action with PPAR? agonist. The mechanism is probably associated with down-regulating the expression of NF-?B and AP-1. [

Objective:To review the drug absorption evaluation methods for pulmonary delivery. Methods: The drug absorption cell models, in vitro pulmonary membrane model and in vivo animal model were systematically summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of those models and applications were reviewed by referring to the databases in CNKI and Pubmed. Results:The appro-priate animal model and method for the study of pulmonary absorption should be chosen according to the experimental purpose and char-acteristics of drugs. Conclusion:The review provides the thoughts and theoretical basis for the research and development of pulmonary delivery.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and causes of micturition and defecation dysfunction in motor neuron disease (MND) patients.Methods The micturition and defecation function was evaluated by a questionnaire covering storage and voiding of urine and feces respectively in 50 MND patients.The clinical features and external anal sphincter electromyography (EAS-EMG) were analyzed to explore the causes of micturition and defecation dysfunction in MND patients.Results Micturition and defecation dysfunction was detected in 9 of 50 (18.0％) MND patients.The main types of micturition and defecation dysfunction were constipation (4/9),urinary frequency,urgency with or without incontinence,fecal urgency (4/9),powerlessness for micturition and defecation (2/9),hesitancy for micturition (1/9).EAS-EMG was normal in 9 MND patients accompanied with micturition and defecation dysfunction.Conclusions MND patients accompanied with micturition and defecation dysfunction were not very rare.Constipation,urgency and powerlessness were the main types of micturition and defecation dysfunction and they were not related to the function of external anal sphincter.Gastrointestinal dysfunction from abnormal autonomic nerve involvement,muscle weakness and the resulted reduced activity,severe upper motor neuron damage and respiratory muscle weakness may be the main causes of micturition and defecation dysfunction in MND patients.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have demonstrated that normal rat liver homogenate supernatant can induce human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cels with partial hepatocyte functions. However, whether fibrotic liver homogenate supernatant can work or how the inducing effect is remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differentiation potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels into hepatocytes under the normal liver and fibrotic liver microenvironment in vitro. METHODS:Liver fibrosis was induced in the SD rats by repeated intraperitoneal injections of 3% thioacetamide at a dose of 200 mg/kg body mass, twice a week for 4 weeks, and then fibrotic liver tissues and normal liver tissues were used to prepare liver homogenate supernatants. Passage 3 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels were used and divided into standard control group (cels were cultured in DMEM/F12 with 10% fetal bovine serum), fibrotic liver homogenate supernatants group (cels were cultured in DMEM/F12 with 10% fetal bovine serum and 50 g/L fibrotic liver homogenate supernatants), normal liver homogenate supernatants group (cels were cultured in DMEM/F12 with 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 g/L normal liver homogenate supernatants). The morphological changes of the cels in each group were recorded under inverted microscope; the protein levels of CK18, AFP, CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP2D6 and TPH2 were evaluated using western blot assay. Furthermore, the concentration of albumin in the cels was measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After a 7-day inducement, the stem cels in liver homogenate supernatants groups lost their fusiform shape and changed into hepatocyte-like cels with the morphous of round shape. Compared with the standard control group, the hepatocyte-like cels in the two liver homogenate supernatants groups exhibited human hepatocyte biomarkers, CK18 and AFP. The standard control group cels could express a little amount of CYP2E1, while cels in the two liver homogenate supernatants groups could express CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP2D6, TPH2. Compared with the standard control group, the expression level of CYP2E1 in the two liver homogenate supernatants groups increased significantly (P < 0.01), and however, the relative levels of CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP2D6, TPH2 in the two liver homogenate supernatants groups showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05). At the same time, compared with the standard control group, the concentration of albumin in the two liver homogenate supernatants groups markedly increased (P < 0.01), but there was no difference between the two liver homogenate supernatants groups (P > 0.05). Experimental findings demonstrated that both of normal liver tissue and fibrotic liver tissue microenvironments could induce human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cels. To achieve the same effect, compared with normal liver tissue, fibrotic liver tissue required lower concentrations, suggesting that fibrotic liver tissue microenvironment may be more conducive to differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels into hepatocytes.