Doctors face relevant ethical responsibilities in the medical process of organ transplantation in China: fair distribution of organs,adaptive judgment of a surgical operation for patients with medium and advanced stage of liver cancer,avoidance of wasting medical resources,and a responsibility to prevent receivers from the risk of contacting HIV and HCV infection.So doctors in China should be provided with relevant ethical and legal knowledge and conceptions to take responsibilities to minimize the above risks and adverse issues,and then keep organ transplantations developing in a moderately healthy style.

According to the theory of optimization by ???? ??????????????(俄).this essay propounds two ideal about medical ethics of ethics and the clinic practice.The second involves the optimize methodology including self-study.classroom teaching and case discussion;Via multimedia and network.

Objective To analyze the associations between alleles of TNF?-308 and myasthenia gravis(MG) and its subgroups. Methods A biallelic polymorphism at position -308 in the promoter region of TNF? was screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and NcoⅠ restricted enzyme. One hundred MG patients and one hundred healthy controls of Chinese were analysed. Results The allele TNF?2(A) was found significantly increased in all patients (0.32 in MG vs 0.21 in healthy controls, P0.05), showing a trend of increase in patients with an late onset of disease (0.34) compared to age matched healthy controls (0.10, P

Objective To report the clinical result of island flaps of hand in reparing of hand skin defects Methods According to location of skin defect, thirty eight cases with skin defect in hand were repaired by different types of island flap on hand Results The repair effect was satisfactory, almost all flaps were transplanted successfully, except two flaps The postoperative follow up period was 6 to 18 months, the blood supply, elasticity and texture of flaps were fine Conclusion Transfering of different types of island flap of hand is an easy, safe and reliable method with fewer complication

Objective For analyzing the outcome of toe transplantation Methods From 1992 to 2001, 24 cases of defect of fingers were treated with toe transplantation, including second toe transplantation for thumb in 19 cases, for index finger in 1 case, and for middle finger 2 cases, as well as second toe and third toe transplantation for middle and ring fingers in 2 cases Results The transplantated toe survived in 23 cases The reconstituted fingers and thumbs showed good shape and excellent function Conclusion Careful examination, reasonable design of reconstrction plan, and fine manipulation to protect blood vessels from trauma induced by operation play a key role in the toe transplantation, especially in the presence of abnormal blood vessels

Objective:To observe the anti-glioma effects of lymphocyte activated by SEC in vivo and probe into therapy effects of SEC combing with operation,radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Methods:Experiment animals were SCID mice.With establishing animal model of glioma xenografted and immunity chimeric model of HuPBL-SCID,we observed the growth curve,survive time.With having operation,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,30 patients suffering from glioma were divided into control group,handle group 1 and 2,and then results were analyzed with MRI.Results:Growth curve shows:A,C and B group produced different suppress against glioma and its suppress rate were 58.5%,46.2% and 36.3%.The first death occurred at the 17th day in control group mice and all mice deaded at the 40th day.Contrasting to this,the first death occurred at the 40th day and 50% mice still were alive in group A until the day that experiment has just finished(60 day).Clinical material showed:The rate of effect(CR and PR) in control group was 40%,while the rate of effects was 50% in handle group 1 and 62.5% in handle group 2.Conclusion:SEC has extramaly potent anti-tumor activity against glioma.SEC combined with operation,radiatherapy and chemotherapy can raise treatment effect in patients with glioma.

Objective To explore the clinical value of combined detection of human epididymis protein 4(HE4) ,carbohydrate an‐tigen 199(CA199) and carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125) in diagnosis of ovarian cancer and benign ovarian cysts .Methods The se‐rum levels of HE4 ,CA125 and CA199 were determined by using chemiluminescent immunoassay in 45 cases of patients with ovarian cancer(ovarian cancer group) ,60 cases of patients with benign ovarian cyst(benign disease group) ,and 30 cases of healthy individu‐al(control group) .Results The serum levels of HE4 ,CA199 and CA125 in the ovarian cancer group were higher than those in the ovarian cancer group and control group ,there were statistically significant differences(P<0 .05) .Compared with the control group , the serum level of CA125 in benign disease group was significantly higher(P<0 .05) ,while no statistically significant differences of serum levels of HE4 and CA199 were observed between the two groups(P>0 .05) .The sensitivity of combined detection of the three indicators increased to 82 .2% ,and the specificity remained at 90 .0% .Conclusion Combined detection of HE4 ,CA125 and CA199 might have clinical significance in early diagnosis and identification of ovarian cancer .

microRNA (miRNA)is a kind of non-protein-coding small RNA that is different from mRNA. miRNAs interact with the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR )of the target mRNA,resulting in either complete degradation or translational inhibition of the target mRNA.miRNAs play a vital role in tumorigenesis,growth, migration and invasion.The regulation of miRNA is closely related to its function in cancer.Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA),circular RNA (circRNA)and RNA binding protein (RBP)as regulatory molecules are involved in the expression regulation of target genes.It may be one reason why the miRNA has complicated and diversified functions in diverse cancer tissues or cancer cells.The future direction of miRNA research is to study the latest technology to find the network control mechanism of miRNA in the specific cells.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of paeoniflorin in Bazhen pill(concentrated pill). METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of wondasil C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-1% phosphoric acid(15∶85, V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 230 nm,and column temperature was 30 ℃. RESULTS:The lin-ear range of paeoniflorin was 0219-1.32 μg(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 1%;recovery was 95.82%-101.82%(RSD=2.13%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,stable and reproducible, and can be used for the content determination of Bazhen pill(concentrated pill).

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of infection caused by peritoneal dialysis(PD) catheter. Methods Eighty patients with infections caused by peritoneal dialysis catheter were enrolled in this study and randomized into silver-containing hydrofiber dressing group and control group with 40 patients in each group. The control group was treated with iodophor and/or gentamicin and the treatment group with silver-containing hydrofiber dressings. The two groups were compared in terms of curative effect at the wounds and time for cure. Result The cure rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the cure time in the observation group was significantly shorter as compared to the control group. Conclusion Silver-containing hydrofiber dressing is effective in the treatment of PD catheter-induced infections , and it can shorten treatment duration and reduce the frequency of dressing change.