Objective To examine plasma adrenomedullin(ADM) levels in patients with IgA nephropathy,and investigate the correlation of plasma ADM and urinary albumin.Methods Specific radioimmunoassay was used to measure the plasma concentration of ADM in 35 patients with IgA nephropathy and 22 controls,and to analyse correlation of plasma ADM level and urinary albumin. Results The levels of plasma ADM (24 2?3 8)pg/ml was significantly higher in patients with IgA nephrophathy than that of controls(10 9?0 8)pg/ml)(P

OBJECTIVE:To prepare the compound tinidazole washing liquid and to establish the quality control method for this medicine.METHODS:Tinidazole and chloromycetin were taken as the chief components for the preparation of the washing liquid;the contents of the chief components were determined by the dual-wavelength spectrophotometric method.RESULTS:The linear ranges for the concentration determination of tinidazole and chloromycetin were6.4～12.8mg/L and8.0～16.0mg/L respectively;the average recoveries of tinidazole and chloromycetin were100.09%and100.00%respectively,the relative standard deviations(RSD)of which were0.17%and0.22%respectively.CONCLUSION:The preparation is simple in preparation,accurate in content determination,stable and reliable in quality.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an independent risk factors for stroke.The stroke outcome in patients with AF is poor.The mortality and morbidity were also higher.As for the higher risk of stroke in patients with AF,the application of anticoagulant drugs is needed.Apixaban is an emerging oral direct Ⅹ a factor inhibitor in recent years.Compared to the traditional anticoagulants,such as warfarin,apixaban shows certain advantages in the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with AF.

Objective: To investigate the difference in behavioral characteristics among different phenotypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), so as to provide insights into clinical differentiation of behavioral characteristics among different phenotypes of ADHD. Methods: The children with ADHD admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University were enrolled and classified into the inattentive type (ADHD-I), hyperactive/impulsive type (ADHD-HI) and combined type (ADHD-C). The reaction time (RT) was measured using integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test, and the mean (RT-mean) and standard deviation of RT (RT-SD) were estimated. In addition, the ALFF was calculated at 0.010 to 0.027, 0.027 to 0.073, 0.073 to 0.167 Hz, and the difference of ALFF was compared among children with different types of ADHD. Results: A total of 107 children with ADHD were enrolled, including 95 boys and 12 girls, with a mean age of (8.89±1.93) years. There were 69 children with ADHD-I, 8 children with ADHD-HI and 30 children with ADHD-C. The RT-SD was significantly higher among children with ADHD-C than among children with ADHD-I [(126.003±51.619) ms vs. (97.720±45.302) ms; P=0.007]; however, there was no significant difference in RT-mean among children with various ADHD phenotypes (F=1.386, P=0.255). There was an interaction between frequency and ADHD phenotypes (F=2.754, P=0.032), and the ALFF was significantly higher among children with ADHD-C than among children with ADHD-I at 0.010 to 0.027 [(5 590.567±231.595) ms vs. (4 694.001±154.397) ms; P=0.002] and 0.073 to 0.167 Hz [(4 312.609±174.709) ms vs. (3 690.805±116.473) ms; P=0.005]. Conclusions The ALFF varies in ADHD phenotypes, and there is a frequency-specific difference.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the adequacy of hemodialysis by online clearance monitoring (OCM) and Kt/V of correlation analysis.MethodsThe Kt/V values of 48 maintenance hemodialysis patients in the Department of Nephrology of General Hospital of PLA were accessed by both OCM of Germany BeiLang Dialog + hemodialysis machine and single-pool urea kinetic model.The Kt/V calculation value was also checked by the urea dynamics - room variable volume model.The results generated at different time point were compared,including at the real time,before and after appearing through blood by On - line Clearance Monitoring,and correlation analysis of Kt/V value was performed.ResultsThere was no significant difference on evaluating the level of Kt/v by these two methods.The relationship between the results of the two methods was significantly positive related.(r=0.539,P ＜ 0.01).ConclusionsDuring hemodialysis,the OCM option provides an accurate tool for continuous on-line monitoring of urea clearance.

Objective To investigate the carotid atherosclerosis(AS) in hemodialysis(HD) patients.Methods Clinical index was measured and intma-media thickness(IMT) of extracranial common carotid artery and presence of atherosclerotic plaques were determined by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography.Results The age,disease duration,HD duration,triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL),serum C-reactive protein(CRP),mean carotid artery IMT in HD with atherosclerotic plaque were significantly higher than HD without atherosclerotic plaque patients,however,the serum albumin(Alb) was significantly decreased.Mean carotid artery IMT is related to the disease duration,Alb,TG,LDL,CRP in HD patients.Conclusion The CRP,mean carotid artery IMT were increased in HD with atherosclerotic plaque.Mean carotid artery IMT is related to the disease duration,Alb,TG,LDL,CRP in HD patients.To improve malnutrition and decrease micro-inflammation,serum lipid might reduce the rate of AS in HD.

AIM: To observe the effects and location of autologous bone marrow stem cells(BMSCs) transplanted through renal artery into ischemic-reperfusion(I/R) injured kidney.METHODS: BMSCs were collected from rabbits after isolated and then labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine(BrdU).Twenty-eight rabbits were subjected to clamping renal pedicles for 105 min and divided into the transplantation group and control group randomly.BrdU labeled BMSCs or saline were injected into the kidney by renal artery,respectively.Before and after I/R at the 1st,3rd, 5th,7th,14th,21th and 28th d,the venous blood was collected to measure serum Cr and BUN.In the same time,renal tissue was collected for pathological and immunohistochemical study.RESULTS: After I/R,serum Cr and BUN levels in the rabbits in two groups became higher,and on the 1st and 3rd d after I/R,reached the highest level.On the 7th d the serum Cr and BUN levels in transplantation group were lower than those in control group.On the 28th d the levels of serum Cr(90.1?11.1) ?mol/L and BUN(8.0?1.5) mmol/L in transplantation group were significantly lower than those in control group(135.6?32.5) ?mol/L and(10.9?2.5) mmol/L,respectively(P

Objective To systematically assess the clinical efficacy and safety of apixaban versus enoxaparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after major orthopedic surgery.Methods Based on the principles and methods of Cochrane systematic review,the Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,Chinese Bio-medicine Database,China Journal Full-text Database,VIP Database were searched from their establishment to March 2012 in whatever languages.Related journals were handsearched as well.Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of comparing apixaban and enoxaparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after major orthopedic operation were included.Cochrane Collaboration' s tool was used for assessing risk of bias in the included trials.Cochrane Collaboration' s software RevMan 5.1 was used for statistical analysis.Results Four RCTs totaling 12 897 patients were included.Apixaban treatment showed significant differences in aspects of total VTE and all-cause mortality [relative risk (RR) =0.63,95％ CI(0.41,0.96)],major VTE [RR =0.59,95％ CI(0.19,0.98)] and symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) [RR =0.50,95％ CI(0.26,0.97)] when compared with enoxaparin,but the difference in fatal pulmonary embolism was insignificant[RR =1.57,95％ CI(0.41,5.99)].For patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty,apixaban was associated with significantly fewer major bleeding events[RR =0.55,95％ CI(0.32,0.96)] and fewer total bleeding events[RR =0.79,95％ CI(0.66,0.95)] than enoxaparin.For patients undergoing total hip replacement,however,the two treatments revealed no statistically significant differences.With regard to the incidence of drug-related serious adverse events,the two treatments displayed no significant difference[RR =0.97,95％ CI(0.59,1.58)].Conclusion Apixaban is effective in the prevention of VTE after major orthopedic surgery and can significantly reduce the risk of postoperative VTE.

A total of 55 children aged under 14 years with cholecystolithiasis were treated at our hospital between January 2005 to December 2011.Their clinical data were collected and analyzed.The etiologies included pseudolithiasis (n =36),chronic hemolytic disease (n =2),obesity (n =9) and unknown (n =8).Among 50 cases on conservative treatment,42 cases were cured.Four cases underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.During a follow-up period of 2-4 years,there was no occurrence of significant complications.The removal of gallbladder stone was performed via laparoscopy plus choledochoscope in 1 case.There was no recurrence during a follow-up period of 2 years.Ceftriaxone sodium and obesity were the major cause of pediatric cholecystolithiasis.A proper selection of treatment regimens should be based upon the considerations of etiologies and symptoms.

Objective To explore the effect of sealing tube with regular urokinase for the malfunction of central venous catheter(CVC) in patients with hemodialysis (HD).Methods This was a prospective randomized controlled study,132 HD patients with cuff CVC were studied.In the early stage,52 H D patients without 80 patients with regular catheter-locking solution of urokinase.To analyze effect of cuff CVC malfunction,blood flow(BF),dialysis adequacy,anemia and serum albumin (ALB) with regular catheter-locking solution of urokinase.The incidence of catheter malfunction was calculated based on the catheter dysfunction in the first 3 months.Clinical index was measured,recorded BF and calculated urea clearance rate (Kt/V).Results HD patients catheter-locking solution with regular urokinase could reduce the incidence of dialysis catheter malfunction ( 26.3％ vs 32.7％,x2 =32.727,P ＜0.01 ),increase the BF,Kt/V,levels of hemoglobin(HGB) and ALB(P＜0.05 or P ＜0.01).Conclusion Regular catheter-locking solution with urokinase is effective in reducing HD patients incidence of dialysis CVC malfunction,increasing patients BF,dialysis adequacy and the level of ALB,improving anemia.