Objective To investigate the effect of co-stimulatory molecular CD137 and CD28 on the cell proliferation, IL-2 secretion and cell apoptotic rate of activated T cells in naturally senile mice and subacute senile mice induced by D-galactose. Methods Seven-week-old BALB/c male mice were divided into D-galactose induced subacute senile group (D-gal group) , control group and young group randomly. Subacute senile mice model was established by back hypodermic injection of D-galactose (120 mg/kg, dissolved in 0. 1 ml distilled water) everyday for five month. Control group was established by injection of 0. 1 ml distilled water everyday for five month. Young group was injected with nothing. And 16-month-old BALB/c male mice was taken as aged group. The spleen T cells of each group were isolated and activated in vitro stimulation with ConA + IgG, ConA + CD137mAb or ConA + CD28mAb. The cell proliferation, apoptotic rate and IL-2 concentration in cell culture supernate of T cells were detected. Results (1) The cell proliferation (0.422?0.057, A), IL-2 secretion(0.632?0.066, A)and apoptotic rate(68.0%?2. 4%) of T cells in D-gal group stimulated in vitro with ConA+IgG showed no significant difference when compared with those of aged group. Compared with young and control group, activation of T cell in D-gal and aged groups were significantly decreased; (2) Cell proliferation, IL-2 secretion and cell survival of T cells in D-gal group and aged group were significantly promoted by both ConA + CD137mAb [(0. 639?0. 053, A) , (1.119?0.035,A), (53.3%?2.4)%, respectively] and ConA +CD28mAb. CD137 mAb had less effect on both groups than did CD28 mAb. Conclusions (1) Similar age-associated alterations happen in T cells of both D-gal group and aged group. (2) CD137 and CD28 can promote the activation and survival of T cells in aged and D-gal group. But CD28 has stronger effect on regulation of T cells than CD137.

Objective To study the granulocyte colony stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) and granulocyte macro-phage colony stimulating factor ( GM-CSF) in complete remission of acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) patients with den-dritic cells(DC)changes in the function and its subsets .Methods 36 cases of complete remission according to AML patients were randomly divided into 3 groups,G group was given G-CSF 200g/d,subcutaneous injection ,GM group were given GM-CSF 200g/d,subcutaneous injection ,the control group were injected with normal saline .The curative effects were compared.Results The expression of G in group DC,CD83 and CD86 on surface of CD80 were lower than that in GM group and C group (t=4.34,5.43,4.54,4.54,5.25,3.54,all P<0.05),GM group,DC expression of CD11c was higher than that of G group and C group (t=4.54,4.27,all P<0.05).G group and GM group DC in promoting lymphocyte proliferation were higher than those in C group (t=4.54,5.64,all P<0.05);group GM DC to promote the ability of CD4 +T lymphocyte proliferation was higher than that of G group (t=3.54,P<0.05).ELISA assay,GM group DC secretion of IL-12 than that of group G and C group;group G DC secretion of IL-10 was higher than that of GM group and C group (t=3.54.4.23,4.32,3.87,all P<0.05).Conclusion G-CSF and GM-CSF can make the complete remission in patients with AML subgroup DC shift ,the bias of G-CSF DC2 and certain immuno-suppressive effect ,while GM-CSF DC subsets of DC 1 and promotes cell immune deviation .

Aim To study the relationship between the expressions of Fas,Fas-L and the spontaneous apoptosis of thymocytes in vitro. Methods The expressions of Fas,Fas-L and the apoptotic rate of thymocytes were assayed by flow cytometry. Results The apoptosis and the Fas expression of thymocytes of different culture times in vitro were increased time-dependently in vitro. The Fas-L expression of thymocytes cultured for 24 h was also significant increase. There was significant corelation between the increase of Fas expression and the increase of apoptosis of thymocytes in vitro. Conclusion Fas is an important molecule which mediates spontaneous apoptosis of thymocytes cultured in vitro.

Objective To investigate the effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) alone or combined with trichostatin A(TSA) on cell proliferation, promoter methylation and mRNA expression level of PDX-1 gene in pancreatic β cells induced by high glucose toxicity. Method NIT-1 cells were treated in vitro by high glucose (33.3 mmol/L), then divided into five groups, control group, HG grpup, 5-Aza-dC treatment group, TSA interfere group and 5-Aza-dC + TSA group. Proliferation of NIT-1 cells, insulin secretion, promoter methylation and mRNA expression of PDX-1 gene were detected respectively. Results 5-Aza-dC and TSA alone or in combination could promote cell proliferation and recover insulin secretion in NIT-1 cells , could also reduce PDX-1 gene methylation and enhance expression of PDX-1 mRNA. Compared with single-treatment group , combined group was significantly different (all P < 0.05). Conclusion 5-Aza-dC and TSA could activate the expression of PDX-1 and, then recover insulin secretion in NIT-1 cells induced by high glucose. Combination of them had synergistic effect.

Aim To explore the possibility of the multiple epitope DNA vaccines of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Methods A synthetic multiple epitope antigen gene PCX of HCV was cloned into vector pREP9(RSV promoter) and pcDNA3 (CMV promoter) to construct eukaryotic expression vectors pREP9/PCX and pcDNA3/PCX, then they were used to immunize mice and rabbits, the titer of specific humoral and cellular responses were detected and their safety were observed. Results In mice, specific anti-GZ-PCX antibody(IgG) was lower than 1∶ 1 000 and did not persist well. In rabbits, the highest titer of anti-GZ-PCX IgG reached at 1∶ 3 200 and remained for about one month. Delayed type hypersensitivity reactions (DTH)and proliferation response of peripheral lymphocytes were induced by GZ-PCX antigen. Body weights of immunized mice were normal and no obvious toxic reaction was observed. Conclusion The multiple epitope antigen gene of HCV could induce specific immune responses without obvious toxicity and it might be able to serve as an effective HCV vaccine candidate.

Objective To explore the effects and influencing factors of traditional occupational health training on occupational health literacy (OHL) of employees in micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises. Methods A total of 540 employees from 154 micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, who participated (347 employees) and not-participated (193 employees) in traditional occupational health training, and 171 community residents/students (not-participated in occupational health training) were selected as the research subjects using the convenient sampling method. The OHL level was investigated using Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of National Key Populations. Results The overall OHL level of employees was 43.3% (234/540). Among them, the overall OHL level of untrained and trained employees was 38.9% and 45.8%, respectively, and the overall OHL level of community residents/students was 43.3%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher the educational level, the higher the OHL level (all P<0.01). The OHL level of untrained and trained employees was higher than that of untrained community residents/students (all P<0.05). The interaction of education level and training status had no statistical difference on the OHL level of the research subjects (P>0.05). The results of factorial design analysis of variance showed that the overall OHL score rate of untrained employees and trained employees was higher than that of untrained community residents/students (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in overall OHL score rate between untrained and trained employees (P>0.05). Conclusion The role of traditional occupational health training in improving the OHL level of employees in micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises needs to be improved. The responsibility of enterprise occupational health training should be implemented, and multiple measures should be taken to enrich the ways and approaches of occupational health education for enterprise employees, to effectively improve the OHL of workers.

Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Hypoglycemia/chemically induced* ; Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects* ; China ; Blood Glucose ; Insulin

OBJECTIVES: Patients with classical type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) require lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin therapy due to pancreatic beta-cell destruction and absolute insulin deficiency. T1DM accounts for about 90% of children with diabetes in China, with a rapid increase in incidence and a younger-age trend. Epidemiological studies have shown that the overall glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and compliance rate are low in Chinese children with T1DM. Optimal glucose control is the key for diabetes treatment, and maintaining blood glucose within the target range can prevent or delay chronic vascular complications in patients with T1DM. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the glycemic control of children with T1DM from Hunan and Henan Province with flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS), and to explore factors associated with glycemic variability. METHODS: A total of 215 children with T1DM under 14 years old were enrolled continuously in 16 hospitals from August 2017 to August 2020. All subjects wore a FGMS device to collect glucose data. Correlation of HbA1c, duration of diabetes, or glucose scan rates with glycemic variability was analyzed. Glucose variability was compared according to the duration of diabetes, HbA1c, glucose scan rates and insulin schema. RESULTS: HbA1c and duration of diabetes were positively correlated with mean blood glucose, standard deviation of glucose, mean amplitude of glucose excursions (MAGE), and coefficient of variation (CV) of glucose (all P<0.01). The glucose scan rates during FGMS wearing was significantly positively correlated with time in range (TIR) (P=0.001) and negatively correlated with MAGE and mean duration of hypoglycemia (all P<0.01). Children with duration ≤1 year had lower time below range (TBR) and MAGE when compared with those with duration >1 year (all P<0.05). TIR and TBR in patients with HbA1c ≤7.5% were higher (TIR: 65% vs 45%, TBR: 5% vs 4%, P<0.05), MAGE was lower (7.0 mmol/L vs 9.4 mmol/L, P<0.001) than those in HbA1c >7.5% group. Compared to the multiple daily insulin injections group, TIR was higher (60% vs 52%, P=0.006), MAGE was lower (P=0.006) in the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion group. HbA1c was lower in the high scan rates (≥14 times/d) group (7.4% vs 8.0%, P=0.046), TIR was significantly higher (58% vs 47%, P<0.001), and MAGE was lower (P<0.001) than those in the low scan rate (<14 times/d) group. CONCLUSIONS The overall glycemic control of T1DM patients under 14 years old in Hunan and Henan Province is under a high risk of hypoglycemia and great glycemic variability. Shorter duration of diabetes, targeted HbA1c, higher glucose scan rates, and CSII are associated with less glycemic variability.
Adolescent ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy* ; Glucose ; Glycated Hemoglobin A/analysis* ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia/prevention & control* ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Insulin/therapeutic use*