Objective To study the clinicopathologic characteristics and the prognostic factors of gastric stump cancer (GSC). Methods A total of forty-seven patients with GSC from Jan 2000 to Dec 2006 were enrolled in this study for retrospective analysis. Initial surgery was performed for gastric benign disease in 39 patients and for malignant disease in 8 patients, which were divided into 2 groups for analysis. The prognosis of all 47 patients were analyzed. Results The mean interval between previous gastrectomy and diagnosis of GSC was 24.4 years. Tumor developed mostly in the patients with Billroth- Ⅱ reconstruction, and male more than female. Tumor located at anastomotic site mostly, at stump stomach and cardia secondly. The mean interval for patients who had undergone their first gastrectomy for malignant disease was shorter than that with benign disease(P＜0.05). Histology, therapy and prognosis showed no significant differences between two groups (P＞0.05). Disease TNM stage and total radical gastrectomy were shown to be significant predictor for the outcome of patients with GSC (P ＜0.01). Conclusion Now the GSC patients with initial surgery performed for malignant disease are increased, which are no siginificant different to patients with benign disease. Early diagnosis and an aggressive surgical approach are crucial to achieve better outcomes for patients with GSC.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Trp64Arg mutation in β3-adrenerglc receptor (β3-AR) gene and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods A seven-year follow-up study was conducted in 386 simple obese subjects and 175 normal weight subjects in whom geno-typing of Trp64Arg mutation in β3-AR gene was examined in 2000. Results There were no differences between a Trp64Trp homozygote group and a Trp64Arg heterozygote group of whether obese or normal weight subjects with respect to adiposity, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin in the baseline. The results of follow-up indicated that the incidence of MS in the Trp64Arg heterozygote group was higher than that in the Trp64Trp homozygote group of obese males (54. 76% vs 40. 85% ,P <0. 05) but not in the group of obese females. The incidences of MS both in the Trp64Trp homozygote group and Trp64Arg heterozygote group were higher in obese males than in obese females (40. 85% vs 18. 27% and 54. 76% vs 21.28% ,all P <0. 01 ) . No significant differences were found in incidences of MS both in the Trp64Trp homozygote group and Trp64Arg heterozygote group of normal weight subjects whether the comparison was made between males and females respectively or between males and females. The overall incidence of MS in the obese subjects were significantly increased than that in the normal weight subjects whether there was genevariant or not(31.30% vs 6. 03% and 42. 75% vs 12. 73%, all P <0. 01 ). Logistic analysis showed thatβ3-AR gene variant was associated with increased incidence of MS in males. Conclusion β3-AR gene Trp64Arg mutation is an independent risk factor for the incidence of MS in males.Conclusion β3-AR gene Trp64Arg mutation is an independent risk factor for the incidence of MS in males.

Objective To investigate the modulation of EPCs by interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and the pathogenesis resulting from their dysdifferenfiation after trauma.Method Thirty pigs were divided into a control group (n = 15) and a multiple organ dysfimction syndrome (MODS) group (n = 15), the latter of which were subjected to a "two-hit" injury including hemon'hagic shock and endotoxemia. Phosphorylation of p38MAPK in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was monitored by western blotting. The concentration of IL-1β in peripheral blood plasma was determined by ELISA and the numbers of EPCs with FCM in peripheral blood plasma were monitored. The morbidity rates in the two groups were compared by chi square test. The levels of phosphorylation of p38MAPK in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the concentmtions of IL-1β in peripheral blood plasma and the numbers of EPCs in the peripheral blood were compared between groups using with Student's t lest. Results The level of p38MAPK phosphorylation was more augmented and the concen-tration of IL-1β higher in peripheral blood mononuelear cells and plasma from MODS pigs compared with those from control pigs; nevertheless the mauler of EPC conspicuously decreased in the peripheral blood (P <0.01). The morbidity rate in the MODS group was much higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). There were fewer EPCs in the peripheral blood of animals in group M than in the peripheral blood of animals in group C (P <0.01). Conclusions p38MAPK phosphorylation is important for the pathogenesis of MODS. p38MAPK phospho-rylation might cause the concentration of IL-1β in the peripheral blood plasma to rise and could cause a drop in the numbers of EPCs, thereby aggravating the inflanmmatory reaction in MODS.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells in Wharton's Jelly of the human umbilical cord can induce differentiation into islet-like cells.OBJECTIVE: To verify the possibility of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with rat pancreatic cells differentiate into islet-like cells, and to observe the effects of transplantation of islet-like cells on blood glucose of diabetic rats.METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells in Wharton's Jelly of the human umbilical cord was separated, induced, passaged, and co-cultured with pancreatic cells to induce differentiation into islet-like clusters. Rats were divided into the normal control, model and experimental groups. Rats in the model group were prepared for diabetic models, and those in the experimental group were transplanted islet-like cells after model preparation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were cells crawled out of cultured Wharton's Jelly of the human umbilical cord, and morphology of adhered cells turned into fusiform shape at 7 days. The isolated cells are characterized by expressing specific surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells, such as CD44, CD29, CD105, but not expressing CD34, CD45 or CD14. The cells were strongly stained by PDX-1 and human insulin at 7 and 10 days. Compared with the simple culture group, the expression of human insulin and concentration of C-peptide were obviously increased; PDX-1 and human insulin mRNA expressions were highly expressed at 7 and 10 days after induction. Compared with the model group, the streptozotocin test of rats in the experimental group was obvious decreased (P < 0.01), but extremely higher than that of the normal control group at 1 week after transplantation (P < 0.01). Brdu positive nuclei and insulin positive kytoplasms could be seen in the experimental group at 8 weeks after transplantation. The results demonstrated that, umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells existed in Wharton's Jelly. The co-cultured cells promote mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into islet-like cells, which can dramatically decrease blood glucose in diabetic rats.

Endotoxin removal is essential for the safety of biological products. To remove endotoxin efficiently, we used polymyxin B (PMB) affinity adsorbent to remove endotoxin from protein solutions by static adsorption. We studied the effects of spacer length and ligand density of the affinity adsorbent, pH, salt type and concentration, protein type and concentration, endotoxin concentration, and additive on endotoxin removal and protein recovery. Endotoxin content and protein concentration were determined by test and Lowry assay respectively. The results showed that PMB affinity adsorbent had high capacity, high adsorption speed, high removal efficiency and good reusability. In addition, ligand density, pH, salt concentration and the isoelectric point and hydrophobicity of protein all had remarkable influence on the endotoxin removal. Under the optimal conditions, the recoveries of hemoglobin, human serum albumin and lysozyme were 87.2%, 73.4% and 97.3%, respectively, and the corresponding endotoxin removal rates 99.8%, 97.9% and 99.7%, respectively. This study illustrated the effects of solution conditions on the efficiency of endotoxin removal and protein recovery, and would provide useful reference for the efficient removal of endotoxin from biological products.
Adsorption ; Chromatography, Affinity ; methods ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Endotoxins ; isolation & purification ; Hemoglobins ; isolation & purification ; Polymyxin B ; chemistry ; Proteins ; isolation & purification ; Pyrogens ; isolation & purification ; Serum Albumin ; isolation & purification ; Solutions

A novel method based on pH value was proposed to simplify the substrate feeding method for glutamic acid fermentation. The linear relationship between the consumption amounts of ammonia (x) and that of glucose (y) was established (y = 7.4744x, R2 = 0.9989) which could be used as the ratio of the amount of ammonia and that of glucose in the feeding broth. Thus the concentration of glucose could be controlled through the adjustment of pH automatically. In the glutamic acid fermentation using the pH feedback-controlled glucose feeding method, the glucose concentration in fermentation broth was maintained between 12 and 21 g/L. Compare with the constant glucose concentration feeding method, the glucose conversion rate and glutamic acid productivity increased by 9.06% and 17.5% respectively, when the pH feedback-controlled glucose feeding method was employed, and fermentation period was shorten above 2 h.
Bioreactors ; microbiology ; Corynebacterium glutamicum ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Culture Techniques ; Feedback ; Fermentation ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Glutamic Acid ; biosynthesis ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the detection and distribution of hospitalized specimens from a tertiary hospital over 5 years. Methods Specimens of sputum, urine, blood, secretions and puncture fluid were collected from patients admitted to the Harrison International Peace Hospital from November 2013 to November 2018. The origin of specimens, the distribution of departments and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria isolated were analyzed retrospectively. Results A total of 61 286 specimens were sent for examination during the 5 years. The top 5 specimens were sputum culture (n = 18 302, 29.9%), sputum smear (n = 11 253, 18.4%), blood culture (n = 9 713, 15.8%), urine culture (n = 6 448, 10.5%) and secretion culture (n = 6 133, 10.0%), accounting for 84.6% (51 849/61 286). Sputum specimens accounted for 48.2% (29 555/61 286) with the largest proportion. The number of specimens from medical wards was much higher than that from surgical wards (specimens: 25 468 vs. 10 521), respiratory medicine, department of critical care medicine and emergency intensive care unit (EICU) were important sources of pathogenic specimens in the hospital, accounting for 29.8% (18 243/61 286) in total. The average positive rate of all specimens was 23.5% (14 424/61 286). The positive rates of sputum culture and urine culture were 29.7% (5 428/18 302) and 35.4% (2 281/6 448), respectively, while the positive rate of blood culture was only 6.6% (643/9 713). Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen in all specimens except for sputum culture and fecal culture. Escherichia coli [40.6% (926/2 281)], Klebsiella pneumoniae [9.2% (210/2 281)], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [8.2% (188/2 281)], Enterococcus faecalis (group D) [6.6% (151/2 281)] and Candida albicans [3.2% (73/2 281)] were the most common pathogens in urine culture. Klebsiella pneumoniae [24.1% (1 309/5 428)], Acinetobacter baumannii [21.3% (1 154/5 428)], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [15.1% (818/5 428)], Escherichia coli [6.5% (351/5 428)] and Maltose oligotrophomonas maltose [5.8% (316/5 428)] were the most common pathogens in sputum culture. Escherichia coli [36.5% (235/643)], Klebsiella pneumoniae [10.9% (70/643)], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [4.8% (31/643)], Staphylococcus epidermidis [3.4% (22/643)] and Staphylococcus humanis [3.3% (21/643)] were the most common pathogens in blood culture. Conclusion Specimens sent for examination by inpatients are mainly from internal medicine wards, mainly from sputum, blood and urine, and the detected pathogens are mainly Gram-negative bacteria.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Guanxinning tablets(GXN) on early heart failure model rats, and to explore the protective mechanism of GXN on heart failure rats from the perspective of intestinal flora. METHODS Six rats who underwent sham operation were set as sham operation group. Took 80 SD rats to undergo aortic arch stenosis and established a heart failure rat model. The surviving rats were divided into 4 groups, namely the model control group, the positive control group(captopril tablets 12.5 mg·kg–1), high-dose and low-dose of GXN group(600, 1 200 mg·kg–1). The 4 groups were administered continuously for 8 weeks. Cardiac ultrasonography was performed every 4 week. Serum NT-proBNP, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, SOD and MDA levels were measured. The effects of GXN on the structure and function of intestinal flora were observed based on the high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis of 16S gut microbiome. RESULTS Compared to the model control group, after giving different doses of GXN, the survival rate of rats increased, and the thickness of the ventricular wall decreased to varying degrees. The weight of the heart and coefficient of the heart were all reduced. GXN could also reduce the level of inflammatory factors, inhibit the level increase of NT-proBNP in rats, and increase the activity of serum SOD. In addition, GXN intervention could significantly improve the intestinal flora diversity of rats with heart failure, the possible target genera of GXN were Akkermansia genera, Phascolarctobacterium genera and Oxalobacter genera. The effect of GXN on intestinal function in rats with heart failure might be concentrated in non-homologous end-joining, influenza A, carotenoid synthesis, indole alkaloids biosynthesis, betalain biosynthesis, renin-angiotensin system and other biological pathways. CONCLUSION The protective effect of GXN on early heart failure rats may be related to the regulation of intestinal flora pathway.

OBJECTIVE：Compare the fingerprint difference of Vaccariae Semen before and after processed （stir-fried），and to determine the contents of erythrine and vaccarin before and after stir-fried. METHODS ：UPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on YMC Trait C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 219 nm，and the column temperature was 35 ℃. The sample size was 1 μL. Using vaccarin as reference，the fingerprints of Vaccariae Semen crude product and its processed product （each of 17 batches，S1-S17，CS18-CS34） were drawn. The similarity evaluation and common peak identification were carried out by Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition）；cluster analysis ，principle component analysis （PCA）and factor analysis were performed by using SPSS 20.0 software. The contents of erythrine and vaccarin in Vaccariae Semen crude product and its processed product were determined by UPLC. RESULTS ：There were 5 common peaks in UPLC fingerprints of 17 batches of Vaccariae Semen crude product and its processed product. The similarities were all higher than 0.99. Among them ， 2 common peaks were identified ，i.e. erythrine ，vaccarin. Results of cluster analysis showed that S 1-S17 were clustered into one category and CS 18-CS34 were clustered into one category. Results of PCA and factor analysis showed that variance contribution rate of the first principle component was 76.418％；erythrine and vaccarin had higher loading on the first principal component （eigenvalues were 0.976 and 0.966，respectively）. The linear ranges of above 2 components were 6.437-321.832 μg/mL and 7.729-386.437 μg/mL，respectively（r＞0.999）. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.085，0.284 ng （crude product） and 0.739， 2.465 ng （processed product ）， respectively. RSDs of precision ，reproducibility，stability（12 h）and durability tests were all lower than 3％（n＝6 or n＝5）. E-mail：1083656123@qq.com Average recoveries were 96.42％（RSD＝0.85％，n＝6）and 99.13％（RSD＝1.74％，n＝6）. The contents of the two components were 0.11％-0.20％，0.42％-0.63％（crude product ）and 0.08％-0.11％，0.34％-0.50％（processed product ）. CONCLUSIONS ：UPLC fingerprint of Vaccariae Semen crude product and its processed product are established successfully. Although the chemical constituents in Vaccariae Semen are consistent before and after stir-fried ，the contents of erythrine and vaccarin are all decreased after stir-fried.