Dendritic Cells ; pathology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; pathology ; Plasmacytoma ; pathology

Objective: To learn the disease entities and medical costs of the patients admitted in the Pediatric Department of a general hospital.Methods: We collected from the Hospital Information System(HIS) the related data of the patients admitted in the Department of Pediatrics from October 2001 to October 2007 and analyzed the patients' main types of diseases and medical expenditure.Results: Among the total number of 8 062 patients,diseases of the genitourinary,respiratory and digestive systems and of blood and hematogenic organs accounted for 47.82%,36.78%,4.22% and 3.16%,ranking as the first 4 disease entities.The per patient medical costs in the first 4 places were those of the diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues($6 368),tumors($5 845),diseases of the genitourinary system($5 818) and congenial anomalies($5 469).Conclusion: The largest number of patients were those with genitourinary system diseases,and the highest medical costs per patient were those of the diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues in the Department of Pediatrics.

OBJECTIVETo provide basic data for the prevention of oral diseases in minorities by investigating the oral health status and behavior related to oral health knowledge of individuals aged 35 to 44 years in Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur.

METHODSThe caries and periodontal health of 445 individuals aged 35 to 44 years were examined according to the method and criterion prescribed by the World Health Organization and the Third National Oral Health Epidemiologic Investigation. A questionnaire survey on related oral health knowledge and behavior was conducted.

RESULTSThe crown caries prevalence rate in Dongxiang, Baoan, and Yugur were 48.28%, 79.47%, and 67.11%, respectively; the root caries prevalence rates were 38.62%, 69.54%, and 42.95%, respectively. The rates of gum bleeding in Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur were 86.90%, 90.07%, and 65.77%, respectively. The rates of dental calculus in Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur were 99.31%, 100.00%, 99.33%, respectively, and the rates of periodontal bags were 68.97%, 67.55%, and 43.62%, respectively. Only 69.84% of the respondents brush their teeth every day; 94.90% of the respondents do not floss. Only 20.19% of the respondents contact a doctor for a toothache, and 42.23% of the respondents have never seen a dentist.

CONCLUSIONCaries morbidity is high among the respondents aged 35 to 44 years from Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur. The periodontal health status and oral hygiene of the respondents are poor, and behavior related to oral health knowledge is insufficient. Thus, more attention must be provided to the prevention and control of caries and periodontal diseases among middle-aged people in the area.

Adult ; DMF Index ; Dental Calculus ; Dental Caries ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Periodontal Diseases ; Prevalence

Objective To investigate the clinical value of CT spectral imaging parameters in evaluating the liver function in patients with different types of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS),by comparing the normalized iodine concentration (NIC) and the slope of spectral curve in liver segment Ⅰ-Ⅷ,portal vein (PV),hepatic vein (HV),inferior vena cava (IVC) and spleen.Methods Eighty-one patients with BCS underwent spectral CT angiography.NIC,spectral decay curve and the slope of spectral curve of liver segment Ⅰ-Ⅷ in portal venous phase,PV,HV,IVC and spleen were measured and calculated.Clinical indicators of liver function including prothrombin time (PT),albumin (ALB),total bilirubin (TBIL),aspartate transaminase (AST),alanine transaminase (ALT) were recorded.Quantitative data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA.Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of liver NIC and clinical liver function indexes.Results PT and TBIL were negatively correlated with liver NIC and there was a positive correlation between ALB and liver NIC (P＜0.05).The differences of NIC among the three types of BCS in liver segment Ⅱ-Ⅵ,HV,IVC and spleen were statistically significant (P＜0.05) and the difference of slopes of the spectral curves among three types of BCS in liver segment Ⅱ-V and spleen was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Combined use of spectral CT multi-site and multi-parameter imaging may be useful in the evaluation of liver function in patients with BCS.

Objective To observe the effect of different explosion impulse on rabbit lung injury and decide the death curve,so as to provide a reference for the prediction of lung injury.Methods Six healthy male New Zealand white rabbits with weight of 2.0-2.5 kg and age of (6 ± 1)months were selected.The rabbits were put 0.5 m,0.6 m,0.7 m,0.9 m,1.0 m,and 1.2 m away from 90 g TNT to carry out the blast injury experiment.The characteristic parameters of blast shock wave and general lung injury were recorded.Based on the experimental results combined with theoretical analysis,the changes of rabbit lung injury depending on the explosion distance as well as the rabbit death curve were determined.Results After the 90 g TNT explosion,the peak overpressure of shock wave and the corresponding specific impulse decreased quickly with the increase of explosion distance.The peak overpressure was 0.79 MPa and the specific impulse was 82 Pa · s at the explosion distance of 0.5 m.The peak overpressure was 0.1 MPa and the specific impulse was 34 Pa · s at the explosion distance of 1.2 m.The rabbits at 0.5 m and 0.6 m died,the rabbit at 0.7 m was severely injured,and the rabbits at 0.9 m,1.0 m,and 1.2 m were slightly injured.The dependence of lung injury degree on the explosion distance under 90 g TNT explosion was established based on dimensional analysis theory.The lung injury degree was exponentially attenuated with the explosion distance:φ =(R/0.6)-5.64(φ represented lung injury degree,and R represented the explosion distance).Considering the combined injury effects of peak overpressure of shock wave and its specific impulse on rabbit lung,the death curve of rabbit was determined:(p-0.1) (I-59) =2.6 (p represented peak overpressure,and I represented specific impulse).The criterion of "overpressure-specific impulse" was used to estimate the death of rabbit,and the death curve of rabbit was determined as (p-0.1)(I-59) =2.6(p represented peak overpressure and I represented specific impulse).The critical overpressure was 0.1 MPa and the critical specific impulse was 59 Pa · s.Conclusions Under the explosion condition of 90 g TNT,the relationship between degree of lung injury in rabbits and explosion distance is established.Death curve of rabbits is determined based on the damage effect of shock wave peak overpressure and specific impulse on the lungs of rabbits,which is significant for predicting the blast injury.

Objective:To optimize the extraction process of Shangke Huoxue Granule.Methods:Taking the factors of extraction solvent multiple, extraction time and extraction times as investigation factors, and extraction amount of ferulic acid, paeoniflorin and the ratio of extraction as comprehensive evaluation indices, one-factor experimental design and central composite design-response surface methodology were adopted to optimize the extraction process of Shangke Huoxue Granule.Results:The binomial fitting equation was Y=96.16+2.42 A+0.63 B-3.76 AB-1.57 A2-1.87 B2 ( P<0.01). The optimal extraction process parameters were confirmed to be adding 16 times of water, 64 minutes each time, twice. The deviation rates between the measured values of three verification experiments and the predicted value were 2.00%, 3.23% and 0.66%. Conclusion:The established model of central composite design-response surface methodology has high predictability and the optimized extraction process is stable and feasible.

OBJECTIVE：To summarize key factors and shortcomings of essential medicine policy in China from 2009-2019， and to provide reference for the formulation and improvement of follow-up policy. METHODS ：Through the official websites such as National Health Commission and Chinese government website ，as well as other policy searching websites ，using“essential medicine”as key words，related policy texts were collected. Rothwell classification method was used to construct the analysis framework of essential medicine policy. The contents of policy texts were classified and coded by Excel 2013 software，and the codes were classified into the essential medicine related policy analysis framework. The descriptive analysis was carried out by SPSS 22.0 software，and the essential medicine policy was analyzed according to data distribution characteristics ，and the results were explained. Corresponding suggestions were put forward. RESULTS ：A total of 15 essential medicine policy texts were screened and obtained. X-dimension of the analysis framework of essential medicine policy included 3 types of basic policy tools ， Incorporat - counting for environmental effects and statistical noise in ing the operating environment into a nonparametric mea - data game formulations and interpretations for data envelopsupply-oriented ，environment-oriented and demand-oriented tools ；Y-dimension was the essential medicine policy objectives of accessibility，quality and rational use. From X-dimension ，the frequencies of above 3 basic policy tools use were 20.12％ ， 66.46％，13.41％，and the environmental policy tools were the most frequently used ；from Y-dimension ，the frequencies of above 3 objectives were 43.90％，32.93％，23.17％，the frequency of accessibility was the highest. The test results showed that there was statistical significance in the use frequency of X-dimension in Y-dimension （χ2＝11.719，P＝0.025＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：The use frequency ratio of different essential medicine policy tools is different ，so it is necessary to reduce the frequency ratio of environmental policy tools ；there are differences in the internal structure of policy tools ，so it is necessary to optimize the structural allocation among policy tools ，and pay attention to the construction of demand-oriented tools . It is suggested that the accessibility of essential medicine should be enhanced ，and the connection between essential medicine list and medical insurance list should be strengthened；great importance should be attached to drug quality and drug quality supervision ；the scope of rational use of essential medicine should be clarified ，and the supervision responsibility of relevant government departments such as NMPA should be strengthened.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current status of diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis (AA) in China. METHODS: Questionnaire survey was used to retrospectively collect data of hospitalized patients with AA from 43 medical centers nationwide in 2017 (Sort by number of cases provided: Jinling Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Lu'an People's Hospital, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Dalian Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Dongying People's Hospital, Jinjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huangshan Shoukang Hospital, Xuyi People's Hospital, Nanjing Jiangbei People's Hospital, Lanzhou 940th Hospital of PLA, Heze Municipal Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shandong Zaozhuang Mining Group, The Third People's Hospital of Kunshan City, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, The 81st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Linyi Central Hospital, The General Hospital of Huainan Eastern Hospital Group, The 908th Hospital of PLA, Liyang People's Hospital, The 901th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Harbin Acheng District People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nanjing Luhe People's Hospital, Taixing Municipal People's Hospital, Baotou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Linyi People's Hospital, The 72st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, People's Hospital of Dayu County, Taixing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Beijing Guang'anmen Hospital, Langxi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University).The diagnosis and management of AA were analyzed through unified summary. Different centers collected and summarized their data in 2017 and sent back the questionnaires for summary. RESULTS: A total of 8 766 AA patients were enrolled from 43 medical centers, including 4 711 males (53.7%) with median age of 39 years and 958 (10.9%) patients over 65 years old. Of 8 776 patients, 5 677 cases (64.6%) received one or more imaging examinations, and the other 3 099 (35.4%) did not receive any imaging examination. A total of 1 858 (21.2%) cases received medical treatment, mainly a combination of nitroimidazoles (1 107 cases, 59.8%) doublet regimen, followed by a single-agent regimen of non-nitroimidazoles (451 cases, 24.4%), a nitroimidazole-free doublet regimen (134 cases, 7.2%), a triple regimen of combined nitroimidazoles (116 cases, 6.3%), nitroimidazole alone (39 cases, 2.1%) and nitroimidazole-free triple regimen (3 cases, 0.2%). Of the 6 908 patients (78.8%) who underwent surgery, 4 319 (62.5%) underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and 2589 (37.5%) underwent open surgery. Ratio of laparotomy was higher in those patients under 16 years old (392 cases) or over 65 years old (258 cases) [15.1%(392/2 589) and 10.0%(258/2 589), respectively, compared with 8.5%(367/4 316) and 8.0%(347/4 316) in the same age group for laparoscopic surgery, χ²=91.415, P<0.001; χ²=15.915,P<0.001]. Patients with complicated appendicitis had higher ratio of undergoing open surgery as compared to those undergoing laparoscopic surgery [26.7%(692/2 589) vs. 15.6%(672/4 316), χ²=125.726, P<0.001].The cure rates of laparoscopic and open surgery were 100.0% and 99.8%(2 585/2 589) respectively without significant difference (P=0.206). Postoperative complication rates were 4.5%(121/2 589) and 4.7%(196/4 316) respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ²=0.065, P=0.799). The incidence of surgical site infection was lower (0.6% vs. 1.7%, χ²=17.315, P<0.001), and hospital stay was shorter [6(4-7) days vs. 6(5-8) days, U=4 384 348.0, P<0.001] in the laparoscopic surgery group, while hospitalization cost was higher (median 12 527 yuan vs. 9 342 yuan, U=2 586 809.0, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is still clinically based, supplemented by imaging examination. Appendectomy is still the most effective treatment at present. Laparoscopic appendectomy has become the main treatment strategy, but anti-infective drugs are also very effective.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Appendectomy ; Appendicitis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; China ; Female ; Health Care Surveys ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult