The present study investigated different types of eoexpression of brain derived neumtmphic factor(BDNF),nerve growth factor(NGF)and neutmphin-3(NT-3)mRNA and/or proteins in the left sixth lumbar dorsal root ganglion(DRG)of cats and discuss themechanism of coexpression in order to provide foundation for elucidating the relationship between the expression of neurotrophic factors andspinal cord plasticity.The eats used in this study were normal animals without any interventional treatment.They were subjected to renloveof the left L6 DRG and their DRG were processed for immunohistechemistry and in situ hybridization double staining to observe whetherthere are coexpression of mRNA and proteins of BDNF,NGF and NT-3.The results showed that the pmteios and mRNA of BDNF,NGFand NT-3 were all expressed in the DRG of cats,but the types of coexpression of mRNA and proteins were different and diverse amongthese three neumtrophic factors.The results of immunohiatochemistry showed that BDNF immunoreactivities were mainly observed in thecytoplasm and nucleus,and the staining of nucleus was weaker than that of cytoplasm;NGF immunoreactivities were mainly observed innucleus while NT-3 mainly in cytoplasm.The results of in situ hybridization showed that BDNF and NGF positive signals mostly distributedin the cytoplasm,NT-3 positive signals were observed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.Our results suggest that the proteins and mRNAof BDNF,NGF and NT-3 have different types of coexpression which indicate they may have autocrine and/or paracrine mechanism contrib-uting to the plasticity of spinal cord in the left L6 DRG of cats.

Objective To investigate the changes of plasma free carnitine (FC) concentrations in preterm infants supplemented with L-carnitine, and to provide a reference for routine preterm infants L-carnitine supplements. Methods A total of 99 preterm infants supplemented with 10 mg/(kg·d) L-carnitine on days 2 and 5 after birth, and 65 full term infants from Department of Neonatology, the Fifth People′s Hospital of Dongguan during July 2014 to December 2015 were recruited in this study , and filter-paper blood spots were collected by heel prick on days 1, 3 and 7. FC was measured using electron spray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). Results Concentrations of FC decreased steadily from day 1 to day 7 in full term infants , while it remained the same level during the first week after birth as at birth. Additionally, concentrations of FC were significantly higher in preterm infants than full term infants on day 1 after birth. Conclusions The reasonable L-carnitine supplements may keep the levels of plasma FC at the levels at birth , which is important for fatty acid metabolism in preterm infants.

This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the changes of plasma intermedin (IMD) and atrial fibrosis in hypertensive patients with atrial fibrillation. During the period from 2010 to 2011, appropriate 150 subjects of out-patients (female 50%, male 50%) were selected in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and were divided into three groups: the hypertension-only group, the hypertension combined with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation group and the hypertension combined with persistent atrial fibrillation group. Firstly, we collected the Physical examination results and medical history records of the patients. We then performed ultrasound cardiogram and blood biochemical tests on the patients. We also detected the plasma IMD and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) using ELISA. The results showed that compared with the hypertensive group, the plasma level of IMD, TGF-β1 and left atrium director (LAD) in the hypertensive combined with atrial fibrillation group were higher significantly. Compared with the paroxymal atrial fibrillation group, the levels of IMD, TGF-β1 and LAD were higher significantly in persistent atrial fibrillation group. Analysis of correlation and partial correlation showed that IMD was positively correlated with TGF-p1 (r=0.51, P<0. 001), IMD was positively correlated with LAD(r=0.59, P< 0.001), and TGF-β1 was positively correlated with LAD (r = 0.57, P < 0.001). The results suggest that IMD might suppress the pathophysiological process of atrial fibrillation.
Atrial Fibrillation ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; Male ; Peptide Hormones ; blood ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; blood

AIM To establish a model of vascular intima hyperplasia for study the restenosis after angioplasty. METHODS Carotid artery of rat was exposed under general anesthesia. Two pieces of steel slides(13 mm?5 mm?1 mm) were set on and under the carotid artery separately. Then the slides were squeezed by two surgical forceps paralleling to the artery for 25 min. Histomorphological study was performed at the second hour or on the fourteenth day after operation. RESULTS At the second hour after operation, the loss of endothelial integrity and platelet deposition were seen under the scanning electromicroscopy. Under the light microscopy, there were infiltration of inflammatory cells in vessel wall andthrombus formation in the vessel cavity. At the fourteenth day after operation, PCNA positive cells in vessel wall of squeezed artery were significantly higher, the ratios of intima, medium and intima areas of squeezed artery were significantly increased and the ratio of cavity area of squeezed artery was significantly decreased compared with those of uninjured artery.The vascular intima hyperplasia and PCNA positive cells in squeezed arterial wall were inhibited by oral administration of heparinoid and aspirin. CONCLUSION With squeezing carotid artery in rats the vascular intima hyperplasia as restenosis after angioplasty was established.

Objective:This study aimed to observe the synergistic effect of a new tumor vaccine combined with metronomic che-motherapy in vivo on breast cancer. This study was also conducted to investigate the mechanism of this combination. Methods:Balb/c mice inoculated with 4T1 mouse breast cancer cell were used as tumor models. High-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1 (HMGN1) gene was used to transfect 4T1 cell lines as cancer vaccines. After 4T1 cell was inoculated, the mice were randomized into four groups:normal saline (NS);metronomic gemcitabine (GEM) alone;cancer vaccine alone;and combination therapy group. Tumor growth and potential toxicities of these regimens were observed. The Foxp3 expression of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was detected by western blot and immunohistochemical staining. The microvessel density (MVD) of the tumor was also detected by immunohistochemi-cal staining. Results:The tumor volume of the mice was significantly lower in the combination group than in the MET group or cancer vaccine group (P<0.05). This result exhibited a higher significant difference than the tumor volume of the mice in the NS group (P<0.01). Foxp3 expression was significantly lower in the mice treated with GEM (combination or MET group). MVD was significantly lower in these two groups than in the cancer vaccine group or NS group (P<0.05). Furthermore, adverse reactions slightly occurred in each group. Conclusion: The combination of cancer vaccines and metronomic GEM is a very active and well-tolerated regimen for breast cancer in mice.

Objective:To prepare anti-human c-kit monoclonal antibody(McAb) by genetic immunization in spleen,and to determine practicability of these means to produce McAbs based on the biological activity of anti-human c-kit antibody.Methods:Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1/c-kit extracellular domain was constructed by molecular cloning techniques,and was used to immunize BALB/c mice in spleen directly to prepare mAb against human c-kit by routine hybridoma technique.FASC、fluorescence microscope and Western blot were utilized to identify the prepared antibody.Results:c-kit extracellular region was cloned and insert pcDNA3.1 plasmid successfully.Three hybridoma cell lines 6C4、2C5 and 5D5 that secrete anti-human c-kit McAbs were obtained after using intra-spleen immunization with a DNA vaccine.The isotypes of these three antibodies were all IgM,and the epitopes were different with each other.Conclusion:The method of genetic immunization into spleen can be used to prepare anti-human c-kit monoclonal antibodies.

Background and purpose: Abnormal expression of arginase 2 (ARG2) in a variety of human malignant tumors was detected. Previous studies found that ARG2 significantly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and was related to histological grading of HCC. This study aimed to analyze the association of ARG2 expression with cell proliferation, apoptosis and prognosis in HCC. Methods: The expression levels of ARG2 mRNA in 14 samples of HCC, paracancerous liver tissues and 14 samples of normal liver were detected by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Tissue sections from 158 HCC patients were examined immunohistochemically for protein expression of ARG2, proliferation-related proteins (Ki-67 and cyclin D1) and apoptosis-related proteins (activated caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9). Immunofluorescence double labeling method was used to detect the coexpression of ARG2 and activated caspase-3, and the colocalization between ARG2 and apoptotic cells. Patients were followed up by telephone. Results: TThe expression of ARG2 mRNA was significantly increased in HCC compared with the paracancerous liver tissues and normal liver tissues (F=27.10, P＜0.01). The expression of ARG2 was positively correlated with the expression of Ki-67 and cyclin D1, respectively (r=0.247 8, P＜0.01; r=0.372 7, P＜0.01). The expression of ARG2 was positively correlated with the expression of activated caspase-3 and caspase-8, respectively (r=0.191 0, P＜0.05; r=0.180 5, P＜0.05), but not with the caspase-9 (r=0.108 9, P＞0.05). Immunofluorescence double labeling showed that ARG2 was coexpressed with the activated caspase-3 and colocalized with apoptotic cells. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the median survival time was 32 months in ARG2(-) group, 18 months in ARG2(+) group and 15 months in ARG2(++) group. The log-rank test results showed that there were significant differences in median survival time between the groups, and the median survival time in ARG2(-) group was longer than that in ARG2(+) and ARG2(++) groups (χ2=12.278, P＜0.01). Conclusion: ARG2 may be involved in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cancer cells. Detecting the expression of ARG2 in HCC tissues may indicate prognosis.

Objective To establish methods for the determination of spinosin and total saponins in compound Zaoshen tablet .Methods The separation of spinosin was performed on Agilent Zorbax SB C18 column (250 mm × 4 .6 mm ,5 μm) at 30℃ with water and acetonitrile as mobile phase for gradient elution at the flow rate of 1 .0 ml/min .The detection wavelength was 335 nm .Determination of total saponins was fulfilled by column chromatography followed by UV spectrometer with vanil-lin glacial acetic acid colorimetry .The detection wavelength was 560 nm .Results Linear range of spinosin was 20-100 μg/ml (r=0 .9990) and total saponins was 40-200 μg/ml (r=1 .0000) .The average recoveries for accuracy tests were 99 .55% and 99 .85% respectively .Conclusion Those methods are accurate and reliable .They can be used for the quality control of com-pound Zaoshen tablet .

Objective:To investigate the value of 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF) in identifying the depth of anesthesia in patients with schizophrenia subjected to modified electroconvulsive therapy center.Methods:A total of 195 patients with schizophrenia who received treatment in The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in April to December 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups with 65 patients each. Three groups of patients received different doses of anesthesia before undergoing MECT as follows: group A: propofol 1.5 mg/kg, atropine 0.5 mg/kg, succinylcholine chloride 1.0 mg/kg; group B: propofol 2.0 mg/kg, atropine 0.5 mg/kg, succinylcholine chloride 1.0 mg/kg; group C: propofol 2.5 mg/kg, atropine 0.5 mg/kg, succinylcholine chloride 1.0 mg/kg. 95% SEF and bispectral index (BIS) were measured when patients were awake before treatment (T 1), when eyelash reflex disappeared (T 2), at the beginning of electrical stimulation (T 3), at 3 minutes after electrical stimulation (T 4), and when patients were completely awake (T 5) and compared between groups. The incidence of adverse reaction was recorded at 1 day after treatment. Results:At T 1-T 5, 95% SEF in the group A was (28.50 ± 0.87) Hz, (21.49 ± 0.91) Hz, (21.99 ± 0.92) Hz, (28.42 ± 1.29) Hz, (28.40 ± 1.15) Hz respectively, and it was (28.34 ± 0.91) Hz, (18.93 ± 0.86) Hz, (19.05 ± 0.83) Hz, (27.54 ± 0.73) Hz, (28.42 ± 1.21) Hz respectively in group B and (28.26 ± 0.90) Hz, (16.41 ± 0.75) Hz, (16.36 ± 0.75) Hz, (26.58 ± 0.64) Hz, (28.48 ± 1.19) Hz respectively in group C. 95% SEF measured at T 2 ( t = 24.49, 48.60, both P < 0.05), T 3 ( t = 28.47, 54.51, both P < 0.05), and T 4 ( t = 7.61, 15.91, both P < 0.05) in groups B and C were significantly lower than those in group A. 95% SEF measured at T 2 ( t = 24.11, P < 0.05), T 3 ( t = 26.04, P < 0.05) and T 4 ( t = 8.30, P < 0.05) in group C were significantly lower than those in group B. At T 1-T 5, BIS in group A was (94.16 ± 2.07), (55.34 ± 1.93), (56.61 ± 1.84), (76.29 ± 1.94) and (93.84 ± 2.39) respectively, and it was (94.51 ± 2.25), (52.39 ± 1.58), (52.45 ± 1.94), (73.58 ± 2.19), (93.28 ± 2.52) respectively in group B and (93.97 ± 2.16), (50.57 ± 1.96), (51.60 ± 2.03), (69.51 ± 2.12), (93.57 ± 2.66) respectively in group C. BIS values measured at T 2 ( t = 24.49, 48.60, both P < 0.05), T 3 ( t = 28.34, 54.28, both P < 0.05), and T 4 ( t = 7.61, 15.91, both P < 0.05) in groups B and C were significantly lower than those in group A. BIS measured at T 2 ( t = 24.11, P < 0.05), T 3 ( t = 25.93, P < 0.05), and T 4 ( t = 8.30, P < 0.05) in group C were significantly lower than those in group B. Correlation analysis showed that 95% SEF measured at T 2 ( r = 0.65, P < 0.05), T 3 ( r = 0.68, P < 0.05) and T 4 ( r = 0.49, P < 0.05) were positively correlated with BIS measured at corresponding time points. There were no significant differences in duration of electrical stimulation [(61.25 ± 4.32) seconds, (45.19 ± 3.68) seconds, and (27.54 ± 2.54) seconds, F = 1 434.14, P < 0.05], post-onset inhibition index [(87.68 ± 5.82)%, (81.59 ± 5.35)%, (75.27 ± 4.87)%, F = 87.09, P < 0.05], and average seizure energy index [(5 668.38 ± 1 264.01) μV2, (4 555.61 ± 1 058.96) μV2, (3 642.25 ± 792.68) μV2, F = 59.97, P < 0.05] among the three groups. Duration of electrical stimulation ( t = 36.07, 75.71, both P < 0.05), post-onset inhibition index ( t = 9.15, 18.66, both P < 0.05), and average seizure energy index ( t = 8.49, 15.46, both P < 0.05) in groups B and C were significantly lower than those in group A. Duration of electrical stimulation, post-onset inhibition index and average seizure energy index in group C were significantly lower than those in group B ( t = 39.64, 9.50, 6.97, all P < 0.05). BIS was positively correlated with duration of electrical stimulation ( r = 0.68, P < 0.05), post-onset inhibition index ( r = 0.55, P < 0.05) and average seizure energy index ( r = 0.42, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidences of headache, myalgia, nausea and vomiting among the three groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:95% SEF was positively correlated with BIS in patients with schizophrenia. BIS measured at T 2 was positively correlated with effect of modified electroconvulsive therapy center.

Objective To analyze the fatigue status and physical activities level of lung cancer patients treated by chemotherapy in order to search for the effective intervention methods .Methods A total of 191 lung cancer patients treated by chemotherapy were investigated by filling out questionnaires .The relationship between fatigue status and physical activities level were analyzed .Results 11 .52% patients did not feel fatigue , while 43.98%, 46.07% and 38.22% patients felt mild, moderate and heavy fatigue before chemotherapy .After receiving chemotherapy , 15.71%, 46.07%and 38.22% patients felt mild, moderate and heavy fatigue .The fatigue degree increased when patients were receiving chemotherapy (χ2 =16.36,P<0.05).All patients had low and moderate level of physical activity , majority patient were at the low level (67.02%).93.19%patients failed to meet the physical activity guide standard of American Cancer Society .There was a negative correlation between the fatigue degree and physical activities level (P<0.05).Conclusions The fatigue degree increased in lung cancer patients when they are receiving chemotherapy , and most of them were at low physical activities level.Targeted nursing and activities instruction are essential methods to ease the fatigue and improve recovery outcomes of the patients .