Objective To establish the preferable puberty pathological aggression animal model.Methods The experimental models were established towards puberty rats by frustration test of non-reward and instigation test.Rat models were tested for specificity using open-field test,saccharine test,elevated plus-maze(EPM)and olfactory sensibility.Results ①Compared with normal aggression(52.5±5.36)and control group(8.83±1.34)in total aggressive times,the pathological aggression group(101.17±2.85)increased significantly(P<0.01);②Some behavior items of each model group were moderately or hishly correlated to total score(r=0.379～0.929);③There was a significant difference between pathological aggression group and normal aggression group in the numbers of attack toward vulnerable-body regions,persistence attack after intruder displayed submissive and hish attack/threat ratios(P<0.01);④The pathological aggression group did not show depression,anxiety and olfactory disorder,except for space cognitive function(P>0.05).However,the normal aggression group displayed obvious depressive mood.Conclusion Each behavioral index matches the criteria of pathological aggression model.Meanwhile,it also excludes other factors of disturbing the specificity of the model.It suggests this model may be preferable puberty pathological aggression animal model.

Sacral fractures are usually caused by high-energy violence,often complicated with injury to the lumbosacral plexus.In severe cases,they may cause instability of the posterior pelvic ring or of the lumbosacral junction.Their classifications commonly used in clinic are Denis,Tile,Isler and refined Denis type Ⅲ ones proposed by Roy-Camille and Gibbons.Recently,classifications of the lumbosacral lesions and scoring systems of the injury severity have often been used clinically.At present,internal instrumentation of sacral fractures is developing along the direction of high efficiency,safety and minimal invasion,but different methods of internal fixation have their own indications which should be strictly followed.This review summarizes the classifications of sacral fractures and their treatment advances.

Objective To transfect the recombinant mIL-28A adenovirus vector into lung adenocarcinoma cell line LA795 and research its anticancer activity. Methods Transfected the constructed mouse IL-28(mIL-28) recombinant adenovirus vector into LA795 cell line, detected with PCR, immunocytal fluorescence, Tunel, Annexin V and MTT. Results Transfected with rAd-mlL-28A into the LA795 cells, mIL-28A gene expression products mRNA increased obviously, IL-28 expression was detected in cells obviously,apoptosis cell number increased, and the growth of LA795 cells transfected with rAd-mIL-28A were inhibited obviously. Conclusion The recombinant miL-28A adenovirus vector we have constructed, which expresses IL-28 when transfected to lung adenocarcinoma cell line LA795, inhibits growth of carcinoma cell to some extent, and may work by promoting the apoptosis of cancer cells.

Objective To express mouse IFN-λ2 stably and study its biological activity. Methods Full-length of mIFN-λ2 cDNA was obtained by using RT-PCR from cells of mouse spleen stimulated by ve-sicular stomatitis virus(VSV) and then subcloned to eukaryotic expressing vector PCAGG-EGFP. The recom-binant was transfected into CHO cells. VSV * GFP-B16 system was used to measure the antivirus activity. The constructed cell line MDBK-Mxp-Luc was used to study the character of Mx1 protein induced by the mIFN-λ2. Results The recombinant pMD18-T-mIFN-λ2 was digested by two kinds of enzyme, Sac I and Xho I, to produce the fragment was of 582 bp, and of which the sequence analysis of sequence shows it was entirely consistent with the nucleotide sequences reported in GenBank. PCAGG-EGFP-mIFN-λ2 eukaryotic expressing vector was constructed successfully and expressed stably in CHO cells, and the mRNA of mIFN-λ2 was verified expressing in CHO-PCAGG-EGFP-mIFN-λ2 cell line by RT-PCR. The antivirus activity of in the supernatant secreted by the CHO-PCAGG-EGFP-mIFN-λ2 cell line was 10~4 AU/ml. The mIFN-λ2 pro-tein can could induce the expression of the antivirus protein Mx1, and the expression of Mx1 protein induced by mIFN-λ2 enhanced with time going, 9 to 12 hours achieved the peak, 24 hours vanished. Conclusion Gene cloning of mIFN-λ2 was successful. The eukaryotic expressing vector of mIFN-λ2 was constructed suc-cessfully and expressed stably in CHO cells, and its product has obvious antivirus activity in vitro. And the antivirus activity of the product was closely correlated with inducing expression of antivirus protein Mx1.

Objective To investigate the changes of vital signs and the damage of important organs in dog progressive circulatory failures induced by soman.Method Seven male dogs,weighing(12～15)kg,were injected intramuscularly 1/3 LD sornan(1 LD=10μg/kg)per ten minutes.The moan blood pressure decreased to (40～45)mmHg was defined as circulatory failure.The changes of heart rate,blood pressure.and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated by an eight-channel direct-witing oscillograph,blood gas,pH value,electrolyte,and the damage of important organs were observed before and after sornan injection.Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the self control t test with the SAS 6.12 Software Program.Results In anesthetized dogs intoxicated with sornan,the circulatory failure was characterized by the significant decreases in blood pressure,heart rate and hemodymrnic parameters(P<0.05).Partial pressure of oxygen was less than 60 mmHg,saturation of oxygen Was less than 90% and partial pressure of carbon dioxide was greater than 50 mmHg in arterial blood of the dog model.These results showed mix respiratory failure occurred during intermittent positive pressure.Significant metabolic acidosis was induced by soman[pH(7.345±0.064)vs.(6.956±0.022),P<0.01].The concentralion of sodium ion and chloride ion in blood were changed gently.The concentrations of GTP,GOT,Cr,BUN,CK-MB and LDH were increased significantly(P<0.05),which showed multiple important organs including liver,kidney and heart were damaged by sornan.Conclusions The severe progressive circulatory failure induced by cholinesterase inhibitor sornan leads to the darnage of vital signs and important organs significantly.

Objective To evaluate the role of calcium channel in the mechanism of the generation and maintenance of bursting firing of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons in rats.Methods Using the patch clamp technique,we observed the firing pattern switching features after adding 10 μmol/L N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA),compared the changes of whole-calcium current and L-type calcium current with or without NMDA,and analyzed the correlation between the generation of burst firing and L-type calcium channel activation.Results After NMDA treatment,the firing pattern of SNc dopaminergic neurons changed to burst firing,which was compromised by a charastistic high plateau potential and series of action potential on it.The current density of L-type calcium current increased significantly after adding NMDA,which,from (2.86 ±0.26) pA/pF (n =28),significantly increased to (3.75 ± 0.18) pA/pF (n =34 ; t =7.52,P =0.002 8).The high plateau potential was almost abolished with the application of verapamil,a specific antagonist of L-type calcium channel.Consiusion NMDA could induce the firing pattern changed to burst firing in SNc dopaminergic neurons,while L-type calcium channel contributes to the process of generation and maintenance of burst firing.

Objective To investigate the correlation factors for surgical outcome of sacral decompression and lumbopelvic fixation in H-shaped sacral fracture and the methods to prevent and treat the complications.Methods From January 2008 to January 2016,45 patients with H-shaped sacral fracture treated by sacral decompression and lumbopelvic fixation were respectively analyzed,including 29 men and 16 women,mean age 41.2 (range,24-53 years),mean follow-up time 52.6 months (range,16-93 months).The surgical outcome was evaluated by pelvic outcome score,and correlation factors were analyzed.We analyzed whether each factor was in correlation with pelvic outcome score.Then we integrated the statistically significant indicators into Logistic regression equation to determine the related factors.Postoperative complications were all recorded.Results The average operation time was 161.2 min (range,100-220 min),average blood loss was 491.6 ml (range,370-1 000 ml),injury-surgery interval was 7.2 d (range,1-23 d).In terms of pelvic outcome score,31 (68.9％) patients had satisfactory result and 14 (31.3％) patients had unsatisfactory result.Univariate x2 analysis suggested that cauda equina injury,Roy-Camille classification,L5S1 facet injury,fracture line,kyphotic angle,injury-surgery interval,decompression approach and inserting sacral screws were correlated with pelvic outcome score,but gender,age,injury mechanism and L5 pedicle fracture had no relation with pelvic outcome score.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that cauda equina injury,Roy-Camille classification,fracture line,kyphotic angle,injury-surgery interval,decompression approach and inserting sacral screws were closely related to pelvic outcome score,but L5S1 facet injury was excluded.2 patients required early surgical procedures with proper antibiotics for deep wound infection;3 patients complained pain related to hardware prominence and the pain subsided after removal of implants;1 patient got unilateral rod breakage at 3-6 months and achieved bony fusion after nine months of observation.Conclusion Sacral decompression and lumbopelvic fixation is effective in neurological recovery and early ambulation in treating H-shaped sacral fracture.Better surgical outcome is related to timely surgery,preoperative or intraoperative bone traction,sacral screws insertion,incomplete cauda equina injury,Roy-Camille type Ⅱ,fracture line penetrating S2 and kyphotic angle less than 40°.

Objective:To explore the correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) examination before radiotherapy in patients with advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma with clinicopathological characteristics and radiotherapy efficacy.Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with advanced cervical cancer who were admitted to the Second Hospital of Nanjing from September 2019 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) DWI examination. The differences in ADC values among cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients with different clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. The patients were divided into the effective group (complete remission+partial remission) and the ineffective group (stable disease+progressive disease) based on the radiotherapy effect, and the differences in ADC values between the two groups were compared. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the radiotherapy efficacy of patients with advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma.Results:Among 80 patients with advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 21 achieved complete remission, 31 achieved partial remission, 25 achieved stable disease, and 3 achieved progressive disease after radiotherapy; there were 52 cases in the effective group and 28 cases in the ineffective group. The ADC value of the effective group before radiotherapy was higher than that of the ineffective group [(0.99±0.14)×10 -3mm 2/s vs. (0.76±0.20)×10 -3mm 2/s], and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 6.01, P < 0.001); after radiotherapy, the ADC value of the effective group was also higher than that of the ineffective group [(1.43±0.25)×10 -3mm 2/s vs. (1.11±0.23)×10 -3mm 2/s), and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 5.61, P < 0.001); the ADC values of both the effective and ineffective groups increased after radiotherapy compared to before radiotherapy (both P < 0.05). The ADC values of patients with different International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) stage, degree of pathological differentiation, depth of lesion infiltration, Ki-67 expression, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ≥FIGO stage Ⅲ, low differentiation, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic vessel infiltration, distant metastasis, and low ADC value before radiotherapy were independent risk factors for efficacy of radiotherapy in patients with advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:The ADC value before radiotherapy is a factor that affects the radiotherapy effect of patients with advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The lower the ADC value before radiotherapy is, the worse the radiotherapy effect of patients will be.

Objective:To discuss the curative effect between direct decompression and indirect decompression plus lumbo-iliac fixation for treatment of Denis type II sacrum fracture combined with sacral foraminal bone space-occupying lesion and sacral nerve injury.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was performed on clinical data of 47 patients with Denis type II sacrum fracture combined with sacral foraminal bone space-occupying lesion and sacral nerve injury admitted to Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine from March 2012 to March 2017. All patients underwent lumbo-iliac internal fixation. The operation time ranged from 3 to 14 days after injury, with an average of 6 days. In direct decompression group ( n=26), the sacral foramina mass was removed during the operation and direct decompression was performed. There were 16 males and 10 females, with age of (36.2±8.4)years. In indirect decompression group ( n=21), indirect decompression through traction and distraction was performed. There were 11 males and 10 females, with the age of (38.7±9.8)years. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, bone union, Mears imaging evaluation, Gibbons score, and Majeed function score were compared between the two groups. Postoperative complications were observed as well. Results:All patients were followed up for 1233 months, with an average of 16.7 months. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in direct decompression group were (112.3±26.3)minutes and (512.1±29.4)ml, which had no significant differences in comparison with that in indirect decompression group [(129.3±25.1)minutes and (529.7±22.1)ml] ( P>0.05). Bone union was observed in all patients. According to the Mears imaging evaluation, the direct decompression group had anatomical reduction in 17 patients, and satisfactory reduction in 9, and the indirect decompression group had anatomical reduction in 15 patients and satisfactory reduction in 6 ( P>0.05). At the last follow-up, Gibbons score in direct decompression group was lower than that in the indirect decompression group [(1.2±0.3)points vs. (2.2±0.5)points] ( P<0.01); Majeed function score in direct decompression group was higher than that in indirect decompression group [(87.3±11.4)points vs. (68.5±16.7)points] ( P<0.01). In direct decompression group, 1 patient had deep wound infection, while in indirect decompression group, 1 patient had pressure sore due to the protrusion of the tail of the iliac screws on the skin. Conclusion:For Denis type II sacrum fracture combined with sacral foraminal bone space-occupying lesion and sacral nerve injury, direct decompression with lumbo-iliac fixation can obtain better neural functional recovery and functional recovery of life compared with the indirect decompression.

Individuals with breast cancer susceptibility genes(BRCA) germline mutations have a significantly increased lifetime risk for breast cancer, BRCA-mutant cancer cells have abnormal homologous recombination repair of DNA.Inhibition of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has shown marked benefit for breast cancer with homologous recombination deficiency, whether driven by defects in BRCA1, BRCA2, or other pathway components. Currently, under U. S.Food and Drug Administration approval of PARP inhibitor on ovarian cancer, clinical trials for PARP inhibitor are being conducted to assess whether PARP inhibitor as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs could benefit more breast cancer patients. Besides the studies of PARP inhibitor as monotherapy in breast cancer patients, researches in investigating platinum-PARP inhibitor combination in BRCA mutated breast cancer or triple negative breast cancer were conducted. In addition, many studies of immunotherapy combined with PARP inhibitor in breast cancer are ongoing. However, resistance to PARP inhibitors and the toxicity of the drugs remain challenges. This review will discuss the utility and unsolved problems of PARP inhibitor in breast cancer as well as the potential future directions.