Objective To explore the effect of early tracheal intubation on hypoxemia and level of blood lactate, C-reactive protein(CRP) in patients with severe intracerebral hemorrhage .Methods Fifty-four patients with severe intracerebral hemorrhage were divided into routine tracheal intubation (routine intubation group,n=25) and early tracheal intubation group(early intubation group,n=29) radomly.In routine tracheal intubation group, tracheal intubation was performed only when respiratory failure occurred .In early intubation group , tracheal intubation was performed as long as hypoxemia which can not be fixed by inspiring oxygen , tongue retropulsion or vomit occurred . Levels of artery blood gas analysis , lactate and CRP were tested before and after 2 h ( lactate ) or 24 h ( CRP ) of tracheal intubation .Heart rate and respiratory frequency were also monitored .Results PaO2 , PaCO2 , SaO2 and heart rate were markedly improved after intubation in both groups , levels of lactate and CRP were evidently reduced after intubation in both groups(all P<0.05).After intubation, the PaO2 of early intubation group was significantly higner and the CRP of early intubation group was significantly lower than that of routine intubation group ( all P<0.05);Before intubation, the PaO2 and SaO2 of early intubation group were significantly higher and levels of lactate and CRP were significantly lower than those of routine intubation group ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Early tracheal intubation can improve hypoxemia and reduce the level of lactate and CRP in patients with severe intracerebral hemorrhage .

This article introduces definitions of three special tests, namely, non-inferiority test (to verify that the efficacy of the experimental drug is clinically not inferior to that of the positive control drug), equivalence test (to verify that the efficacy of the experimental drug is equivalent to that of the control drug) and superiority test (to verify that the efficacy of the experimental drug is superior to that of the control drug), and methods of sample size estimation under the three different conditions. By specific examples, the article introduces formulas of sample size estimation for the three special tests, and their SAS realization in detail.

AIM: To establish the quality standard for Baixuan Xitare Tablets (Alone, Herba Euphorbiae Humifusae, Fructus Chebulae, etc.) METHODS: Herba Euphorbiae Humifusae and Scammonia resin were identified by TLC. The content of aloin was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: Herba Euphorbiae Humifusae and Scammonia resin could be identified by TLC. Aloin showed a good linear relation in a range of 0.9360?g～ 2.184?g, r=0.9995(n=5). The average recovery was 98.54% and RSD was 0.67%(n=9), respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate and specific and can be used for the quality control of Baixuan Xitare Tablets.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of2%anisodamine plus1%lidocaine block therapy on injury caused by extravasation of vincrisine.METHODS:60animal models were established by injecting1%vincrisine5ml into ear vein with1ml purposely extravasating to subcutaneous tissue in rabbits.The rabbits were divided randomly into groupⅠ,groupⅡand control group.GroupⅠreceived2%anisodamine+1%lidocaine,groupⅡ2%anisodamine and control group normal saline.RESULTS:After2weeks treatment,the total effective and curative rate in three groups were90%and80%,63%and42%,15%and0%respectively.CONCLUSION:2%anisodamine plus1%lidocaine block therapy is superior to normal saline in treating extravasation injury of vincrisine.

AIM: To evaluate the cardiac contractility and relaxation by Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) combined with myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) via injection of contrast media, Albunex. METHODS： Nineteen healthy mongrel dogs were conducted 60 min ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), followed by reperfusion of 60, 120 and 180 min to establish an acute myocardial ischemic-reperfused canine model. (1) MCE was performed by bolus injection of Albunex at pre-reperfusion and at post-reperfusion. The perfused defect area defined by MCE at pre-reperfusion was regarded as risk area (RAMCE), while perfused defect area at post-reperfusion was regarded as no-reflow area (NRAMCE). When the ratio of NRAMCE to RAMCE exceeded 25%, myocardial reperfusion was considered incomplete, I.e., no-reflow group; If the ratio was <25%, myocardial reperfusion was considered adequate, I.e., reflow group. (2) Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall thickness ratio (△T%) of LV anterior wall were determined. (3)S-wave, e-wave and a-wave velocities at the LV anterior wall were determined by DTI. The e/a ratio was measured. RESULTS: The results of MCE showed 7 dogs in reflow group and 10 dogs in no-reflow group. (1) LVEF in reflow group gradually increased with time course after myocardial reperfusion, and in no-reflow group, however, LVEF increasingly declined with ongoing myocardial reperfusion. At the same reperfusion time point, LVEF of no-reflow group was significantly lower than that of reflow group. (2) △T% in reflow group improved gradually, and however, it can not come back to that of baseline at 180-min reperfusion. △T% in no-reflow group had no signal of recovery with progressive reperfusion. (3) S-wave, e-wave velocities measured by DTI significantly declined after ligation of LAD, and a-wave velocity increased, leading to decline of e/a. After myocardial reperfusion, s-wave, e-wave velocities and e/a in reflow group gradually increased at post-reperfusion, and a-wave velocity somewhat declined. In no-reflow group, on the other hand, s-wave, e-wave velocities and e/a progressively declined and a significant difference was present between reflow group and no-reflow group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Cardiac contractility and relaxation can not be recovered during myocardial microvascular impairment. This change may be further deteriorated with size enlargement of no-reflow area. DTI may provide a sensitive, reliable method for quantifying cardiac contractility and relaxation.