Objective To explore the relationship between fractional anisotropy (FA) of corticospinal tract (CST) and motor function in stroke patients using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods From January, 2013 to October, 2016, 36 stroke patients were evaluated with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Japan Upper Limb Function Test and DTI before and eight weeks after rehabilitation. FA in posterior limb of internal capsule, cerebral peduncle and pons were obtained, including ipsilesional and contralesional CST. Results The FA values within three sections of CST were significantly lower in the ipsilesional side than in the contralesional side both before and after rehabilitation (t>5.330, P<0.001). In posterior limb of internal capsule, the FA value increased after rehabilitation (t=-3.415, P<0.05), and no significant dif-ference was found in the other two sections (t<1.653, P>0.05) in the ipsilesional side, as well as in all the sections in the contralesional side (t<1.021, P>0.05). The FA values were positively correlated with the scores of FMA and Japan Upper Limb Function Test in all the sections both before and after rehabilitation (r>0.43, P<0.05), especially the relationship between the FA value and the score of Japan Upper Limb Function Test in the posterior limb of internal capsule (r=0.67). Conclusion DTI can be used to evaluate CST injury and the relationship be-tween CST injury and motor function.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of cervical stability training on cervical vertigo. Methods67 patients were divided into 2 groups. The experiment group was treated with Neurac (neuromuscular activation) for cervical stability training, meanwhile, the control ones with manipulation. They were assessed with clinical assessment and fall index before and 14 d after treatment. ResultsThe scores of clinical assessment and value of fall index were significant improved more in experiment group than in controls （P＜0.05）. ConclusionSpecific cervical stability training is effective on cervical vertigo based on cervical instability and proprioceptive disorder.

Objective To explore the relation of early time secretion function of Beta cell in newly diag-nosed type 2 diabetic patient and the changes of body weight following intensification therapy of insulin. Methods 237 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were divided into 1 kg lower group, the 1-5 kg group, the 5 kg above group. The maximum body weight and waist circumference were recorded. The present body weight and waist circum-ference were measured according to OGTT study, meanwhile,30 minuets blood sugars, the insulin and the C-peptide (C-P) level and the blood pressure(BP) and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), the early insulin secretion index (△I30/△G30) was calculated. All cases were treated for 14 days. Results Early time secretion function of Beta cell in the group keeping above lose weight 5 kg was the worst, after treatment insulin secretion level were in-creased 1.12 times and 1.86 times in 1 kg lower group than in the 1-5 kg group and above 5 kg group. Conclusions Early time secretion function of Beta cell in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patient is correlated with the maxi-mum body weight decrease.

BACKGROUND: Tendon injury is a common injury in the department of hand surgery. The postoperative recovery of hand function is always affected by tendon adhesion after tendon repair. To prevent tendon adhesion, especially the adhesion after flexor tendon repair is always the key in the rehabilitation of hand surgery.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of decimeter wave therapy on tendon adhesion and healing after flexor tendon repair.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study based on experimental animal SETTING: Provincial Institute of Orthopaedics.MATERIALS: The study was conducted in Hebei Provincial Institute of Orthopaedics from January 2001 to June 2003. Totally 28 Leghorn chickens were randomly divided into decimeter wave therapy group and operation control group.METHODS: The flexor digitorum profundus tendons of Leghorn chickens were transected and repaired. Decimeter wave therapy was applied to the toes on chickens of decimeter wave therapy group. Animals were executed at week 3 or 6 after operation for macroscopical observation and histological observation under optical and electron microscopes, and biomechanical analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Principle index: results of macroscopical observation and the observatory results under optical and electron microscope, and the results of biomechanics. Secondary index: results of the classification of tendon adhesion and healing.RESULTS: It could be seen under macroscopical and histological observation that the adhesion significantly reduced in decimeter wave therapy group. The protein synthesis of fibroblast was significantly more than that of the control group under electron microscope. As indicated by biomechanical analysis, the tendon gliding distance[ (5.37 ± 1.06) mm at week 3, (6.76 ± 1.52) mm at week 6]and the rehabilitative compliance( 1. 04 ± 0.65 at week 3)of decimeter wave therapy group were bigger than those of the control group respectively [ (4.43 ±1.03) mm, (5.33±1.27)mmand0.63±0.31](P ＜0.05), and the anti-tension strength of decimeter wave in therapy group (N, 26. 93 ± 4. 80,47. 12 ± 7.76) was significantly bigger than that of the control group respectively(21.29 ±4. 88 and 38.96 ±7.52) (P ＜0. 01).CONCLUSION: Decimeter wave therapy can effectively promote tendon healing and reduce tendon adhesions and provide prerequisites for early rehabilitative training after flexor tendon repair. Hence, it is an ideal assistance in the prevention of tendon adhesion.

Objective To observe the relationship between injury of corticospinal cord tract (CST) in basal ganglia and upper limb func-tion after stroke using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods 18 stroke inpatients hospitalized from January, 2013 to July, 2015 accepted DTI, and their upper limb function was evaluated with simple Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Japan Upper Limb Function Test. The fractional anisotropy (FA) of CST in basal ganglia of affected and unaffected sides were compared, and the correlation between FA of affected CST and upper limb motor function were analyzed. Results The FA was significantly less in the affected CST than in the unaffected CST (t=-21.09, P<0.001). The FA of the affected CST correlated with the scores of simple Fugl-Meyer Assessment (r=0.570, P<0.05) and Japan Upper Limb Function Test (r=0.509, P<0.05). Conclusion CST is injured after stroke, which may related to the upper limbs motor function impairment.

In the present study,healthy adults who had been residing at the average altitudes of 6,2260,and 2800 m for 10 years were recruited,and the number of red blood cells,the levels of hemoglobin,and HbA1C were tested.The results showed that the level of HbA1C in altitude 2800 m group was higher compared with the other 2 groups(5.80％ ± 0.50％ vs 5.39％ ± 0.47％,P＜0.05 ).Therefore,this difference should be considered when diagnosis and treatment for diabetes mellitus were made in the region.

Sixty-one newly-diagnosed diabetic patients from high altitude area were treated individually plus metformin 1.5 g/d for 14 days. The difference of oxygen partial pressure was 3.5 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0. 133kPa) between altitude 2 260 m and 2 780 m districts. In these patients, their serum lactic acid was increased before treatment. At altitude 2 780 m district, serum lactic acid in middle-aged and elder groups were even higher [(3.90±0.85 vs 3.65±0.70), (4. 67±0.80 vs 3.69±0.78) mmol/L, both P＜0. 05＝. After 14-day treatment, serum lactic acid in middle-aged diabetic patients remained statistically unchanged [(4.50±0.50 and 3.79±0.62 ) mmol/L, P＞0.05], while that in elder patients was increased significantly [(5.59±0.55 and 5.27±0.43 ) mmol/L,P＜0. 05]. The results suggested that metformin should not be used or be used carefully in elder diabetic patients at high altitude area.

Objective To investigate the relationship between vitamin D level and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) level in Qinghai Province.Methods In 2015 and 2016,a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 873 people in 9 regions of Qinghai Province,including 935 males and 938 females,the average age was (52.3 ± 10.9) years old,there were 1 040 Han people and 833 Tibetans.Fasting venous blood samples were collected,and vitamin D and TPO levels were detected by a fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassay system,vitamin D and TPO levels were compared in different gender,ethnic group,and altitude populations.Results The vitamin D level was (16.3 ± 7.5) μg/L,and abnormal rate of vitamin D was 89.2％ (1 670/1 873);the TPO level [median (quartile)] was 23.8 (16.0-35.0) U/ml,and the positive rate of TPO was 26.8％ (502/1 873).The vitamin D levels of males and females were (16.9 ± 7.6) and (15.6 ± 7.6) μg/L,respectively,the difference was statistically significant (t =3.684,P ＜ 0.01);the TPO levels were 23.8 (16.4-31.0) and 23.8 (15.9-37.6) U/ml,respectively,the difference was not statistically significant (Z =-1.084,P ＞ 0.05).The vitamin D levels of the Han people and the Tibetans were (16.2 ± 7.8) and (16.3 ± 7.3) μg/L,respectively,the difference was not statistically significant (t =-0.110,P ＞ 0.05);the TPO levels were 23.5 (15.7-34.8) and 24.0 (16.5-35.1) U/ml,respectively,the difference was not statistically significant (Z =-0.078,P ＞ 0.05).The vitamin D levels of middle-altitude (1 500-3 000 m) and high-altitude (＞ 3 000 m) populations were (16.6 ± 7.7) and (15.8 ± 7.5) μg/L,respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (t =2.126,P ＞ 0.05);the TPO levels were 23.4 (16.0-33.0) and 24.0 (16.0-36.8) U/ml,respectively,the difference was not statistically significant (Z =-1.296,P ＞ 0.05).There was negative correlations between vitamin D level and TPO level,altitude (r =-0.150,-0.052,P＜ 0.05),and no correlation with ethnic group (r =0.003,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The vitamin D level is negatively correlated with TPO level in Qinghai population.The abnormal rate of vitamin D is high,and vitamin D level of males is higher than that of females.

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional and thyroid stimulating hormone level of patients with thyroid nodules in different regions of Qinghai Province and analyze the characteristics of changes in different regions.Methods In 2014-2016,thyroid nodules in 9 regions of Qinghai Province (Tibetan areas:Xiewu,Nangqian,Jiegu,Guoluo;non-Tibetan areas:Xining,Huzhu,Menyuan,Minhe,and Ledu) were selected and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and urine iodine were measured.Results A total of 553 thyroid nodules,the median urinary iodine (MUIC) was 160.8 μg/L and the median TSH was 2.97 mU/L.The iodine nutritional status was at an appropriate level.Among them,MUIC (206.8 μg/L) in thyroid nodules in the Menyuan area was slightly higher than the appropriate amount,there was a significant difference in MUIC among different region (x2 =47.747,P ＜ 0.05);of TSH in thyroid nudules in the 9 regions,the differences were statistically significant (x2 =34.832,P ＜ 0.05).Non-Tibetan areas were compared with Tibetan areas,there was a significant difference in MUIC (155.6,185.6 μg/L),TSH (2.68,3.45 mU/L,Z =-3.677,-5.410,P ＜ 0.05);Among them,the differences was statistically significant between MUIC (152.8,187.7 μg/L) of women with thyroid nodules (Z =-3.504,P ＜ 0.05);there was a statistically significant difference in TSH levels among men (2.58,3.46 mU/L) and women (2.80,3.44 mU/L) with thyroid nodules (Z =-3.613,-4.040,P ＜ 0.05);there were no significant differences in MUIC levels among thyroid nodules of each age groups (P ＞ 0.05);of the TSH level in 30-and 50-＜ 65 years groups (2.63,3.17;2.25,3.58 mU/L),the differences were statistically significant (Z =-2.892,-3.233,P ＜ 0.05),and other groups were no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The iodine nutrition of patients with thyroid nodules in these regions of Qinghai Province is generally at an appropriate level,the MUIC and TSH levels in Tibetan areas were lower than those in non-Tibetan areas,and iodine nutrition status and TSH levels should be monitored for key populations.

OBJECTIVES: Group B Streptococcus (GBS), a common bowel commensal, is a major cause of neonatal sepsis and an emerging cause of infection in immune-compromised adult populations. Fluoroquinolones are used to treat GBS infections in those allergic to beta-lactams, but GBS are increasingly resistant to fluoroquinolones. Fluoroquinolone resistance has been previously attributed to quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) mutations. We demonstrate that some of fluoroquinolone resistance is due to efflux-mediated resistance. METHODS: We tested 20 GBS strains resistant only to norfloxacin with no mutations in the QRDRs, for the efflux phenotype using norfloxacin and ethidium bromide as substrates in the presence of the efflux inhibitor reserpine. Also tested were 68 GBS strains resistant only to norfloxacin not screened for QRDRs, and 58 GBS strains resistant to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin or moxifloxacin. Isolates were randomly selected from 221 pregnant women (35-37 weeks of gestation) asymptomatically carrying GBS, and 838 patients with GBS infection identified in South Korea between 2006 and 2008. The VITEK II automatic system (Biomerieux, Durham, NC, USA) was used to determine fluoroquinolone resistance. RESULTS: The reserpine associated efflux phenotype was found in more than half of GBS strains resistant only to norfloxacin with no QRDR mutations, and half where QRDR mutations were unknown. No evidence of the efflux phenotype was detected in GBS strains that were resistant to moxifloxacin or levofloxacin or both. The reserpine sensitive efflux phenotype resulted in moderate increases in norfloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration (average=3.6 fold, range=>1-16 fold). CONCLUSIONS: A substantial portion of GBS strains resistant to norfloxacin have an efflux phenotype.
Adult ; beta-Lactams ; Ciprofloxacin ; Ethidium ; Female ; Fluoroquinolones ; Humans ; Korea ; Levofloxacin ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Norfloxacin* ; Phenotype ; Pregnant Women ; Reserpine ; Sepsis ; Streptococcus*