Femtosecond laser has been widely used in ophthalmology for its high precision, safety and minimal damage to tissues, and now its application in the corneal refractive surgery, corneal stromal ring implantation and cataract surgery has been more mature.In recent years, it has been actively developed and applied in penetrating keratoplasty, anterior lamellar keratoplasty and corneal endothelial transplantation, and some achievements have been obtained in experimental research and clinical application.While femtosecond laser promotes the development of corneal transplantation surgery, there are still some problems such as limited indications, uncertain efficacy, expensive equipment, lack of big data support and intelligence in personalized design.Continuous optimization and improvement are still needed to ensure postoperative vision, reduce postoperative complications, simplify parameter design and reduce consumption costs.In this paper, the indications, parameter design, clinical effect and limitations of femtosecond laser in keratoplasty were reviewed.

Objective: To investigate the role of prostate specific antigen(PSA) in screening for prostate cancer. Methods: The serum PSA of 4 848 males over 50-years old for serum PSA was evaluated,respectively out of them 33 cases diagnosed as prostate cancer(screening group) were compared in terms of age distribution,level of PSA,clinical stages,Gleason score and treatment modalities with 28 patients in our hospital(clinical group). Results: In the screening group,the positive percentage account for 9.5%(PSA≥4 ng/ml) and the PCa positive rate was 6.8‰(33/4 848).The average age of the patients(73.2?8.0) was insignificant different between these two groups.The percentage of the cases beyond 20 ng/ml PSA in the screening group was significantly lower than that in clinical group,with 42.4% and 71.5% respectively.Furthermore,the cases with clinical stage A+B accounted for 69.7% in the screening group,while it was 35.7% in the clinical group(P

Objective To evaluate the occurrence of antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome in patients with advanced prostate cancer treated with combined androgen blockade. Methods 24 cases of advanced prostate cancer (10 in stage C and 14 in stage D) were retrospectively studied. All the patients have been treated with combined androgen blockade (bilateral orchiectomy and flutamide). After initial beneficial response to hormonal therapy (duration 7 to 36 months), the disease became progressing.Flutamide was then discontinued. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and symptoms alterations were observed. Results Following withdrawal of flutamide, 8 patients showed a decline in PSA (mean 75%).In 6 the PSA declined more than 50%. Clinical symptoms improved in 4 patients and the prostate mass became smaller in 2. The mean duration of improvement was 4.3 months. Conclusions In patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer after initial combined androgen blockade, a trial of "antiandrogen withdrawal" is a reasonable therapeutic management prior to other more toxic therapies.

Objective　To explore the cause, diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis.Methods　5 cases of retroperitoneal fibrosis were respectively treated by moving ureter into abdomen cavity, encapsulating with pediculate omenta and ilel ureter.Results　Following-up of 5 cases for 1 to 3 years, all cases had normal renal functions and hydronephrosis were much decreased.Conclusions　Intravenous urogenous(IVU),retrograde pyelography(RGP) and computed tomography (CT) are important methods to diagnose the disease. And the treatment method chosen depends on the range, location of ureterostenosis, and whether the ureter is open or not.

Objective To study the expression of immune and non-immune related cytokine in corneal grafts of chronic graft dysfunction after penetrating keratoplasty and reveal the possible mechanism of it.Design Clinical experimental study.Participants Including two groups.In chronic corneal allograft dysfunction(CCAD) group,corneas of 8 patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for CCAD who underwent repeated PK operation.Three normal corneas supplied by Shandong provincial eye bank of China were used as control group.Methods The conreal graft were analyzed by immunohistochemical studies.Moreover,the comprehensive analysis was carried out combining the patient's clinical data.Main Outcome Measures CD4~+,CD8~+,F4/80,TGF-?,bFGF and?-SMA in cornea. Results The results of immnunohistochemical studies showed that compared with normal corneas,full-thickness corneal grafts of eight corneas which underwent repeated PK operation had no CD4~+ and CD8~+ T lymphocyte infiltration.F4/80 positive inflammatory cells were more abundant near the stroma of five corneal grafts which underwent once PK operation.Full-thickness corneal grafts of other three corneas which underwent no immune rejection had no F4/80 positive inflammatory cells.The TGF-?positive inflammatory cells were more abundant near the epithelium and stroma of all corneal grafts.The moderate bFGF positive inflammatory cells were present in stroma of all corneal grafts.The?-SMA positive inflammatory cells were more abundant near stroma and the elastic layer of all corneal grafts.Conclusions After PK operation,the results of immnunohistochemical studies of the corneal graft which underwent CCAD showed that there is no evidence of clinical acute rejection.The abnormal expression of antigen presenting cells and non-immune cell specific factors suggest that immune or non-immune factors maybe involve in the occurrence and development of CCAD.

Objective To study the expression of Survivin in breast carcinoma combined with prognosis of ten-year follow-up.Methods The expression of Survivin was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 60 cases of breast cancer and 20 tumor surrounding tissue.All the cases were performed with prognosis of tenyear follow-up.Results The expression rate of Survivin in breast carcinoma(68.3%)was higher than that in fibroadenoma of bast tissue(25%)(χ2=20.03,P＜0.01).Survivin didn't experss in tumor surrounding tissue.There Was no relationship among the expression of Survivin and the histological differentiation,clinical staging,and lymph node metastasis of breast carcinoma.The expression of Survivin was correlated with the survival years of patients.Conclusion The expression of Survivin was up-regulated in breast carcinoma,which indicated that survivin may play an important role of the genesis and development of breast cancer,but it may play negative correlated with breast carcinoma.

Purpose:To explore the value of MSCT-3D in stomatology through comparing with COPT.Materials and Methods:Both MSCT 117 patients and COPT 117 patients in stomatology were selected at a particular period,COPT imaging was using computed post-processing,MSCT imaging was processed according to 3D information through work station,then to analyze the imaging results according to metal tooth、damaged tooth and broken tooth,later to compare the photograph 、the technique of computed post-processing、the photograph condition and exposure of MSCT and COPT.Results:Normal COPT patients were 9 cases ( 0.24% ),normal teeth were 3160 (84.4% ),unusual teeth were 551 (15.6%),normal MSCT-3D patients were llcases ( 0.29% ),normal teeth were 3138 (83.8% ),and unusual teeth were 606 (16.2% ).COPT belonged to COPT photograph,the emphasis was 2D,MSCT-3D belonged to spiral photograph,the emphasis was 3D,and MSCT imaging could be processed according to 3D reformation.The 3D effect of MSCT was batter than that of COPT.The radiation dosage was much higher than that of COPT.Conclusions: COPT could get 2D effects: MSCT-3D could improve 3D results on 2D basis,but the radiation dosage of MSCT is much higher than that of COPT in stomatology.

AIM: To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly ( P

OBJECTIVE:To determine the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of oxetacillin and sulbactam in oxetacillin-sulbactam tablets.METHODS:20healthy male volunteers were randomly divided into2groups.In a crossover de?sign,a single oral dose of two tablets of domestic oxetacillin-sulbactam tablets or imported Tai Ba Meng LBL 500 tablets(one tablet of the two formulations contains oxetacillin250mg,sulbactam250mg)were given,then the drug concentrations in plas?ma were assayed by RP-HPLC.RESULTS:The pharmacokinetic parameters of oxetacillin in domestic and imported tablets were as follows:T max were(1.04?0.26)h and(1.10?0.28)h;C max were(5.16?1.30)mg/L and(5.25?1.21)mg/L;AUC 0～∞ were(13.30?3.12)mg/(h?L)and(13.33?3.53)mg/(h?L)respectively.The pharmacokinetic parameters of sulbactam in domestic and imported tablets were as follows:T max were(0.80?1.0)h and(0.81?0.17)h,C max were(5.73?1.44)mg/L and(5.70?1.46)mg/L,AUC 0～∞ were(13.25?2.41)mg/(h?L)and(13.28?2.26)mg/(h?L)respectively.CONCL_ USION:Domestic oxetacillin-sulbactam tablets and imported Tai Ba Meng LBL 500 tablets were bioequivalent.

BACKGROUND:In the earliest stages of embryonic development and organ formation, fibroblast growth factor family members function as mediating the growth, differentiation, survival, and morphology of progenitor cels. Fibroblast growth factor mediates metabolic function, tissue repair and regeneration in mature tissues by reactivation of signal pathways.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize and explore the role of the fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway in tissues and organs.
METHODS:A computer-based online search was conducted in CNKI and PubMed databases by using the key words of “fibroblast growth factor, signaling pathway” from 2010 to 2016 and 2000 to 2016, respectively to screen the relevant literatures. The language was limited to both Chinese and English. Research progress in the fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway was summarized.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 47 literatures were included. Mammalian fibroblast growth factor family is composed of 18 secreted signal proteins which interact with 4 tyrosine kinase signal fibroblast growth factor receptors. Interaction of fibroblast growth factor ligand with the receptor is regulated by a protein or cofactor binding proteoglycans and extracelular proteins. Activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor mediates interaction with cytoplasmic adapter protein, RAS-MAPK, and PI3K-AKT, phospholipase Cγand STAT signaling pathway by phosphorylation on a specific tyrosine residue. Four structuraly related intracelular non-signaling fibroblast growth factors regulate the voltage-gated sodium ion channels by their interactions. Fibroblast growth factors exist in almost al tissues and organs, and developmental defects and abnormal activity of this pathway (destruction of organogenesis) is associated with damage response to injury, metabolic disorders and cancer.