AIM:To study the main chemical components of traditional Tibetan medicine Pazhu Capsule(Calcitum,Fructus Chebulae,Semen Granati,Fructus Piperis,Fructus Piperis Longi,etc.) in the treatment of gastropathy. METHODS: The soluble components of Pazhu Capsule were extracted by supercritical-CO_2 fluid.The components were measured by GC-MS and the relative amount of them were determined by peak area normalization.(RESULTS:)22 components were identified.The main components were piperine(44.2%),9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(z,z)(21.1%),Azuleno[45-b] furan-2(3H)-one,3a,4,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-6-methyl-3,9-bis(methylene)-,[3as-(3a.alpha.,9a.alpha.,9b.beta.)](10.55%),n-Hexadecanoic acid(4.8%) and 2(3H)-Benzofuranone,6-ethenylhexahydro-6-methyl(33.5%).CONCLUSION: The main components of the Tibetan medicine Pazhu Capsule are piperine and 9,12-Ocatadecadienoic acid,both contents are up to 65.3% of the total extracts.

Objective To study and design a new algorithm of QT interval measurement based on multi-scale morphological derivative transform(MMDT) according to the demands of mobile monitoring platform.Methods After the MMDT of ECG signals by inducing a triangle and a short line as a pair of structure elements,they were classified into four types by their morphological characteristics and the optimal strategy for each type was described to detect the onset of Q-wave.By introducing the "wing" function,two referenced points of T peak were picked out,which was helpful to locate the peak and offset of T wave,and improve the precision and recognition rate of MMDT method when detecting the bifid T wave(90.9%)and biphasic T wave(86.7%).Results Eighty data records from CSE database were used to evaluate the availability.By contrast with the wavelet transform method,the statistical results showed that the proposed algorithm had generally less error and smaller standard deviation especially for abnormal-phase T wave.Conclusion Compared with those algorithms based on wavelet transform and self-adaptive threshold techniques,our algorithm needs less empirical parameters and calculation.It is also suitable for mobile monitoring and HOLTER system,and has a wide prospect of application.

Objective To investigate the exposure level to vehicle exhaust pollution for population by different commuting modes in roadside environment in Wuhan. Methods Eight air monitoring sites were selected in the six main roads in urban area of Wuhan, Hubei province. The concentrations of NO2, CO, total hydro carbon (THC), PM10, benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) emitted from the vehicles were monitored and analyzed in winter and summer of 2007, respectively and combined with breathing rate and time spent of the population in traffic environments, exposure doses of different subpopulation were calculated as indicators in order to evaluate their exposure level to traffic exhaust. Results The PM10 was the primary pollutant on the roadside. Compared with the Ambient Air Quality Standard, the rate of exceeding standard limit for PM10 was 8% in summer and 100% in winter. As for on the roadside, the exposure level for adults was higher than that for the children (P

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of pre-emptive renal transplantation and transplantation after dialysis, and to evaluate the safety and advantages of pre-emptive renal transplantation. Methods The data of 50 cases of pre-emptive renal transplantation between January 1999 and January 2003 in our hospital were analyzed.Another 50 cases of renal transplantation after dialysis were selected as control group.The 2 groups were matched in the following variables:age,gender,blood type,cold (warm) ischemic time of the grafts,human leukocyte antigen (HLA),primary diseases, and use of immunosuppressants. The patient/allograft survival,incidence of rejection and delayed graft function were compared. Results The control patients (32/50) were more likely to have received blood transfusion before transplantation than patients of pre-emptive renal transplantation (14/50) (64% vs 28%, P

Intake fraction is a new concept applied in assessing human health effect of pollutants. In the present paper, the history and practical use of it were reviewed, and then the calculation of it was also analyzed. After illustrating and discussing previous approaches for estimating intake fraction, the calculation can be classified into two sorts: one is taking the spatial area as the object, and the other is taking the people as the object. The latter is more fitful to estimate the intake fraction of mobile emission, in which it is necessary to investigate the related population and then combine the time-activity patterns with the microenvironment concentrations, in addition, modeling microenvironmental concentrations is critical for the calculation of intake fraction.

Objective To explore the four criteria,including bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis(BISAP),Ranson score,modified CT severity index(MCTSI) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation scoring system Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) in assessment of severity and prognosis of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis.Methods A total of 326 patients with hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis were studied retrospectively from August 2006 to July 2015.The discrepancy of the four criteria in assessment of severity and prognosis of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis was compared with chi-square test and receiver operating characteristic curve.Results The incidences of moderately severe acute pancreatitis and severe acute pancreatitis,local complications and mortality of patients with BISAP score ≥3,Ranson score ≥3,APACHE Ⅱ score≥8 and MCTSI score≥4 were significantly higher than BISAP score ＜ 3,Ranson score ＜ 3,APACHE Ⅱ score ＜ 8 and MCTSI ＜ 4 respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).As far as severity was concerned,the sensitivity and AUC of APACHE Ⅱ were 57％ and 0.814,which were higher than the other systems.The second most sensitive criterion was BISAP.In assessment of local complications,the sensitivity and AUC of MCTSI were 68％ and 0.791,which were higher than the other three.The most sensitive criterion to predict mortality was BISAP with sensitivity 89％ and AUC 0.867,which was followed by APACHE Ⅱ.Conclusions All four criteria can be used to determine the severity,local complications and mortality.Generally,BISAP is simple and easy to practice,and better than the other three.

The central distribution of visceral primary afferent fibers from greater splanchnic nerve of the cat have been studied. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) dissolved in distilled water was injected into the coeliac ganglion or greater splanchnic nerve unilaterally. The HRP was taken up by afferent fibers and transported across the spinal ganglia and then anterogradely as far as central terminals in the spinal cord and medulla. The HRP reaction-product within the central processes of the primary sensory neurons was detected ipsilaterally in the Lissauer's tract, dorsal funiculus and spinal gray matter. After entering the spinal cord via the spinal dorsal roots, the great majority of labeled fibers (viz. the central processes of primary sensory neurons) were found to run longitudinally within the zone of Lissauer, and only sparse fibers to ascend in the dorsal funiculus. The medial projection fibers (MPF) and lateral projection fibers (LPF) arose periodically from the labeled fiber bundle in the Lissauer's tract to form a thin shell surrounding both the medial and lateral sides of the dorsal horn. The terminal areas of the more prominent LPF were found at laminae I, V, VII and the region surrounding the central canal, whereas the MPF ended at the medial part of lamina V and lamina X. Some smaller fiber bundles from LPF were seen to enter the cell clusters of the intermediolateral nucleus, where these fibers divided rostrocaudally and ran parallel with the longitudinal dendritic branches of the intermediolateral cells. The few labeled fibers located at the dorsal funiculus were traced to the lower medulla and the distinct terminal area of them was situated in the ventrolateral part of the nucleus gracilis at the level below the obex.

BACKGROUND:In the earliest stages of embryonic development and organ formation, fibroblast growth factor family members function as mediating the growth, differentiation, survival, and morphology of progenitor cels. Fibroblast growth factor mediates metabolic function, tissue repair and regeneration in mature tissues by reactivation of signal pathways.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize and explore the role of the fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway in tissues and organs.
METHODS:A computer-based online search was conducted in CNKI and PubMed databases by using the key words of “fibroblast growth factor, signaling pathway” from 2010 to 2016 and 2000 to 2016, respectively to screen the relevant literatures. The language was limited to both Chinese and English. Research progress in the fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway was summarized.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 47 literatures were included. Mammalian fibroblast growth factor family is composed of 18 secreted signal proteins which interact with 4 tyrosine kinase signal fibroblast growth factor receptors. Interaction of fibroblast growth factor ligand with the receptor is regulated by a protein or cofactor binding proteoglycans and extracelular proteins. Activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor mediates interaction with cytoplasmic adapter protein, RAS-MAPK, and PI3K-AKT, phospholipase Cγand STAT signaling pathway by phosphorylation on a specific tyrosine residue. Four structuraly related intracelular non-signaling fibroblast growth factors regulate the voltage-gated sodium ion channels by their interactions. Fibroblast growth factors exist in almost al tissues and organs, and developmental defects and abnormal activity of this pathway (destruction of organogenesis) is associated with damage response to injury, metabolic disorders and cancer.

AIM To explore the mercury accumulation in KM mice after being given Zuotai at different doses and time.METHODS KM mice were randomly divided into blank group,Zuotai low-,middle-and high-dose (6.07,60.70 and 606.97 mg/kg,42 d;606.97 mg/kg,14 d) groups.The mercury contents in brain (olfactory bulb,cortex,hippocampus,hypothalamus,brain stem,cerebellum),heart,lung,kidney,liver,spleen,serum,muscle of mice were measured after administration.RESULTS Compared with the blank group,Zuotai at low-dose significantly increased the mercury contents in hippocampus,cerebellum,lung,kidney,liver and serum of mice after 42-day treatment;Zuotai at middle-dose markedly increased the mercury contents in olfactory bulb,cortex,hippocampus,brain stem,cerebellum,heart,lung,kidney,liver,spleen and serum of mice after 42-day treatment;the mice treated with high-dose of Zuotai for 42,14 days significantly increased the mercury contents in olfactory bulb,cortex,hippocampus,hypothalamus,brain stem,cerebellum,heart,lung,kidney,liver,spleen,muscle and serum.CONCLUSION Mercury can be accumulated in different tissues of mice after intragastric administration of Zuotai in a dose-and time-dependent manner,which suggests that Zuotai and its compound preparations should not be used in high-dose and long-term.

Aim To investigate the effect of melatonin (MT) and pentoxifylline (PTX) on hepatic ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in rat. Methods 128 rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, MT treated group, PTX treated group and PTX+MT group (combined group). Those operation procedures including occlusion the inflow to the liver 35 minutes, hepatectomy and reperfusion, were underwent by the animals. The following items were investigated: liver function, endothelin 1 (ET 1), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and one week survival. Results The following changes were detected after the liver ischemia: ①Liver function: the increased scopes of ALT and LDH were significantly lower in treatment groups, especially in the combined group than that in control one; ②ET 1: the levers of ET 1 were significantly increased in every group, especially the control group; ③MT function: the increased scopes of MDA and SOD were significantly lower in MT groups (including MT treated and combined groups) than that in others; ④PTX function: the increased scopes of TNF ? were significantly lower in PTX groups (including PTX treated and combined groups) with a higher rate of survival than that in others. Conclusion ①MT could reverse the oxidative damage, but cannot affect the rate of survival; ②PTX can decrease the secretion of cytokine and the one week survival; ③Based on the synergistic effects, the application of MT+PTX may have beneficial effects against the I/R injury to increase the survival.