OBJECTIVE: To investigate the contents about drug use for children in the package inserts.METHODS: 351 package inserts were randomly sampled for the analysis of the contents and limitations about drug use for children.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to the incomplete medication items,management of which should be strengthened.

Objective To summarize the modified clinical technique and experience of simultaneous kidney-pancreatic transplantation (SKPT) with enteric drainage(ED). Methods Two patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease underwent SKPT with enteric drainage of exocrine secretions.The patients were treated with quadruple therapy including antithymocyte globulin (ATG) induction therapy,prednisone,FK506,and Mycophenolate-Mofetil(MMF), as maintenance immunosuppression. Results The two patients became insulin-independent after treated by small dose insulin for 5～10 days and Scr,BUN became normal 3～5 days after the operation.Until now all the grafts of the patients functioned well. Conclusions ED-SKPT is more effective than simultaneous kidney-pancreatic transplantation with bladder drainage (BD-SKPT).ED-SKPT is an effective method for treating type Ⅰdiabetes mellitus with uremia.Finer allograft and nicer HLA-typing can decrease complications.

0.05). In group B,the serum creatinine levels of cases treated with ulinastatin at 1,3,7,10 and 14 days after renal transplantation were (372.6? 128.1 ),(278.4?38.9),(145.9? 47.2 ),(133.2?39.8),(128.0?30.6)?mol/L,respectively;the values of controls were (496.3?125.6),(364.7?60.2),(196.2?36.8),(161.4?41.5),(149.8? 33.5 )?mol/L,respectively ( P

Objective To explore the preliminary experience of combined liver-kidney transplantation.Methods Twelve patients were subjected to combined liver-kidney transplantation. The orthotopic liver transplantation was preceded with the classic fashion in 8 patients and the piggyback fashion in 4 patients. The pump-driven veuovenoas bypass technique was not used. And then the kidney transplantation was performed under stable homodynamic circumstance. The renal graft was implanted to the right iliac fossa routinely. The renal vein was anastomosed to the external iliac rein end-to-side, and the renal artery to the external iliac artery end-to-side or the hypogastric artery end-to-end. After operation, anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody or antithymocyte globulin (ATG), tacrolimus (FK506), mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone were used to prevent the allograft rejection.Results The survival rate of the 12 cases receiving combined liver-kidney transplantation was 100 %, and the graft function was restored well postoperation. An acute rejection episode of liver occurred in one patient. The FK506 toxicity occurred in one patient. The hemorrhage of digestive tract occurred in one recipient and the hemorrhage of peritoneal cavity in one patient. The pneumonia occurred in one case and the peritoneal infection in one patient. No patient experienced any episode of acute rejection of renal allograft.Conclusions The combined liver-kidney transplantation is the ideal option of patients with end-stage liver disease with chronic renal failure.

Objective To study the diagnosis and management of renal artery stenosis in kidney transplants. Methods 8 cases of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) were reviewed and studied . Results Color-flow Doppler has been helpful in the diagnoses for 5 of the 8 cases with a specificity of 78% and a positive predictive value of 62.5%. 7 patients underwent PTRA and have been cured of the renal stenosis in a short term. On follow up for 3～12 months, the creatinine was 186.2～121.3 ?mol/L; 1 patient underwent nephrectomy. Conclusions TRAS should be considered when ever there is hypertension of unknown cause, a sudden reduce of urine volume and on increase of creatinine after kidney transplantation. Color-flow Doppler is indicated for the screening of TRAS whereas PTRA is the procedure of first choice for the management.

ObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic and differential diagnostic points in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complicated with fever and pulmonary diseases. MethodsFull clinical analysis was performed for a 55-year old patient with arthritis, fever, and wheeze. ResultsThe clinical pictures of the patient were consistent with those of RA. Computed tomography(CT) revealed interstitial lung diseases and intrapulmonary cavities. Antifungal agents were given experimentally, and the intrapulmonary cavities disappeared finally, thus the patient was diagnosed as RA, concurrently complicated with interstitial lung disease and pulmonary fungal infection. ConclusionThe possibility of pulmonary fungal infection should be considered in RA patients who presented with fever and intrapulmonary cavities.

Objective In order to explore the ways of reflecting the dose distribution in the implementation of the of IMRT (intensity modulated radiation therapy),a 2D diode array (2D-DA) was used in verifying the composite dose distribution of IMRT plans in the way of multi-gantry-angle composite (MGAC).Methods IMRT quality assure (QA) plans of 27 patients,based on the 2D-DA and solid water phantom,were designed and verified in two ways of single-gantry-angle composite (SGAC) and MGAC verifications.The comparison and analyzation of the dose distributions of the TPS calculation and the measurement of the 2D-DA were done.Results (1) When the beam central axes were not superposed with the detectors'plane of the 2D-DA,the verification passrate of SGAC and MGAC planar dose distribution of 27 patients'IMRT plan were 94.56%±4.28% and 94.81%±3.80% (the criteria:rvalue,3 ram/3%),respectively.There was no statistical difference between the results of two sets (t =-0.213,P＞0.05).(2) When one of the beam central axes was superposed with the detectors'plane of the 2D-DA,the verification passrate of MGAC planar dose distribution were 79.72%±12.77%.Conclusions Using the 2D-DA with a proper phantom,there was no statistical difference in the SGAC and MGAC verifications of IMRT plans when the beam central axes were not superposed with the detectors'plane.However,the MGAC dose distribution can provide more about the clinical dosimetry,and the errors in the implementation of the of IMRT were easier located.

Objective To evaluate whether serum cystatin C (SCys C) could be used as an ideal index to assess renal function of renal transplant recipients during posttransplant follow-up.Methods Seventy patients who were followed up for at least 6 months after renal transplantation in our centre were recruited in the study. SCys C and serum creatinine (SCr) were determined during the follow-up period, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured using an isotope Tc99m DTPA.The correlation between SCys C, SCr and GFR was analyzed. The performance of SCys C and SCr in diagnosing the mild impairment of renal allgraft function (GFR ＜ 1 ml/s) was evaluated using ROC curve. Results Both SCys C and SCr had a linear negative correlation with GFR (r = -0. 82 and -0. 66 respectively, P＜0. 01 ). The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values (PPV) of SCys C for diagnosing the mild impairment of renal allgraft function were higher than those of SCr,but the AUC of SCys C did not differ from that of SCr significantly (0. 935 vs. 0. 877, P＞0. 05).Conclusion SCys C could be used an ideal index to evaluate the allograft renal function for its better correlation with actual GFR.

Objective To investigate the change situation of serum pepsinogen (PG) and gastrin-17(G-17) levels change in gastric cancer,and on this basis diagnostic significance of combined detection of carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) and 13C urea breath test (13C UBT) detection in early gastric cancer.Methods The enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) method was used to detect serum PG Ⅰ,PG Ⅱ and G-17 levels in healthy people,atrophic gastritis group and gastric cancer group.Firstly the changes of above three indicators were compared;then according to PG Ⅰ and G-17,the carcinoma group was divided into the group A,B,C and D,these four groups were detected the helicobacter pylori infection status by 13C UBT.Finally the CA72-4 levels were performed the statistics by using the tumor markers detection results.Results Serum PG Ⅰ level and PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ ratio in the control group,atrophic gastritis group and gastric cancer group was gradually declined,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05);serum G-17 level in the control group,atrophic gastritis group and gastric cancer group was gradually increased,the difference among 3 groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05);in early gastric cancer rate ratio among 4 groups,which in the group B was highest,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05);in the comparison of positive rates of 13 C UBT and CA72-4 level in early gastric cancer among 4 group,the 13 C UBT positive rate and CA72-4 level in the group B were higher than those in the group A,C and D,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Moreover the CA72-4 level in the group B had significant difference between early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer (P＜0.01).Conclusion Serum PG Ⅰ reduce and G-17 increase combined with CA72-4 high level and 13C UBT positive have an important forewarning value for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.

This study is aiming to establish an efficient metabolite extraction method for exploration of molecular mechanisms of desiccation tolerance of the resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica using a metabolomics approach. The extracts of metabolite in B. hygrometrica using methanol solution (method A) and methanol-chloroform-water solution (method B) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total numbers of chromatographic peaks, extraction efficiency, retention time and the peak stability were compared. The results showed that for fresh materials, the total chromatographic peak number of method B is more than that of method A; the extraction efficiency of nine representative metabolites by method B is higher than that by method A; the comparison of 10 random chromatographic peaks revealed that the relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the retention time are less than 1% for both methods, whereas the RSD values of the extraction efficiency is different. The percentage of peaks that owned RSD values of the extraction efficiency higher than 10% is 50% for method A and 100% for method B. In addition, method B was also efficient for dry materials from B. hygrometrica. The number of chromatographic peaks, RSD value of retention time and extraction efficiency of dry materials was similar to that of fresh materials using method B, but decreased sharply using method A. Putting together, our study provided evidence that method B is an efficient extraction method for further analysis of metabolites from this resurrection species.
Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Chloroform ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Methanol ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Solvents