Objective: To investigate the role of prostate specific antigen(PSA) in screening for prostate cancer. Methods: The serum PSA of 4 848 males over 50-years old for serum PSA was evaluated,respectively out of them 33 cases diagnosed as prostate cancer(screening group) were compared in terms of age distribution,level of PSA,clinical stages,Gleason score and treatment modalities with 28 patients in our hospital(clinical group). Results: In the screening group,the positive percentage account for 9.5%(PSA≥4 ng/ml) and the PCa positive rate was 6.8‰(33/4 848).The average age of the patients(73.2?8.0) was insignificant different between these two groups.The percentage of the cases beyond 20 ng/ml PSA in the screening group was significantly lower than that in clinical group,with 42.4% and 71.5% respectively.Furthermore,the cases with clinical stage A+B accounted for 69.7% in the screening group,while it was 35.7% in the clinical group(P

AIM: To study the relationship between multidrug-resistance (MDR1) gene product P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the volume-activated chloride current. METHODS:The volume-activated chloride current in bovine non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells was recorded using a whole cell recording technique. An antisense technique was used to inhibit the expression of MDR1 gene. The immunofluorescence of P-gp was monitored with a real-time laser confocal microscope.RESULTS:P-gp immunofluorescence correlated negatively with the concentration of the human MDR1 antisense oligonucleotide. The antisense oligonucleotide inhibited the volume-activated chloride current specifically and partially. The latency of activation of the current increased and the peak current decreased. The percentage of inhibition of peak current correlated positively to the concentration of the antisense oligonucleotide( r =0.99, P

AIM: To investigate the relationship between osmolarity, cell volume and cell proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. METHODS: MTT method was applied to detect the proliferation ability of the poorly-differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell (CNE-2Z) under various osmolarity conditions. The flow cytometry was used to analyse cell cycle distribution. Cell volume was obtained by the image analysis of living cells and cell viability was determined by the trypan blue assay. RESULTS: Cultivation of cells under the hypertonic conditions of 370 and 440 mOsmol/L increased cell volume by 8.7% and 27.8% and facilitated cell proliferation by 22.2% and 33.9%, respectively. However, hypotonic incubation of cells with osmolarity of 160 and 230 mOsmol/L decreased cell volume by 12.8% and 4.1% and inhibited cell proliferation by 34.0% and 15.6%, respectively. Cell volume was positively correlated with cell proliferation rate. Long-term cultivation of cells under anisotonic conditions did not significantly alter cell cycle distribution, but hypotonic cultivation decreased cell viability. CONCLUSION: Proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was closely correlated with the osmolarity of culture medium and cell volume. Hypotonic cultivation may inhibit cell proliferation by decreasing cell volume to facilitate cell death mechanisms.

Objective To study the difgerence between the IAEA code of practice TRS-Z77 and TRS-398 in the determination of the absorbed dose to water for high-energy photon beams using several cylindrical chambers. Methods For 6 different types of cylindrical chambers,the calibration factors ND,W,Q0 in terms of absorbed dose to water were calculated from the air exposure calibration factors N,,and were compared with the ND,W,Q0 measured in European standard laboratory. Accurate measurements were performed in Varian 6 MV photon beam using 6 cylindrical chambers according to TRS-277 and TRS-398.The beam quality correction factors kQ.Q0 as well as the water absorbed doses were compared.Results For the set of chambers,the difference between ND,W,Q0 computed from Nx and ND.-.Q0 obtained in European standard laboratory was 0.13％ ～ 1.30％.The difference of beam quality correction factors for TRS-277 and TRS-398 was 0.09％ ～0.45％.The distinction of the water absorbed doses obtained according to the two different protocols was 0.27％ ～ 1.40％,and was primarily due to their different calibration factors.Conclusions The discrepancy in absorbed doses determined according to two protocols using different cylindrical chambers is clinically acceptable.However,TRS-398 allows a more convenient localization of chambers,provides a more simple formulation,and offers the reduced uncertainty in the dosimetry of radiotherapy beams.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of nephron sparing surgery (NSS) for renal angiomyolipoma (RAML). Methods Thirty-nine patients of RAML were underwent NSS. Tumor enucleation was done in 23, partial nephrectomy in 16, and selective arterial embolization in 2. Results The average diameter of enucleated tumor was 5.8 cm(from 3.0 to 14.0 cm), the average of blood loss was 190 ml(from 75 to 800 ml),none of the patients developed hemorrhage or urinary fistula. The average follow-up of 38 patients was 48 months(from 1 to 120 months). Postoperative serum level of creatinine was stable, no patients had a local recurrence. Conclusions NSS can be performed with satisfactory result in RAML. Effective control of hemorrhage and conservancy of renal function are the key points.

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics and regularity of adverse drug reactions (ADR) occurred in our hospital. METHODS: A total of 241 ADR cases occurred in our hospital form Jan. 2006 to Jun. 2009 were analyzed statistically in respect of patients’ status, category of drug, route of administration, organs and system involved in ADR and clinical manifestations. RESULTS: Of the total 241 ADR cases, 69.71%ADR cases were induced by antibacterials. 71.78% ADR cases were induced via intravenous administration. ADR mainly appeared as lesion of skin and appendants (50.92%). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to intervene and guide clinical use of drug, strengthen the monitoring of ADR and reduce the occurrences of ADR.

Purpose: To investigate the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor (PIP). Methods:To analyze the pathogenic characteristics and X-ray findings of 18 cases of PIP. Results:The rate of incidence in PIP is increasing in recent years .70 percent of the patients have infection of the respiratory system and is related to the abuse of large doses of antibiotics, there is little specificity in X-ray or CT so it is easy to confuse with malignant tumor of the lung .In pathologic sections of PIP, no malignant changes were seen, and only inflammatory cells, lymphocytes and plasm cells could be seen by light microscope. Conclusions:The antibiotic must be used properly in infection of the respiratory system and surgical treatment can be done in some asses to exclude tumor of the lung in diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the result of anterolateral interbody fusion combined with transpedicle fixation for patients with kyphosis due to tuberculosis of the thoracic spine. Methods There were totally 17 patients, 11 male and 6 female in this study. The average age was 36.4 years, ranging from 23 to 56 years old. All tuberculous lesions were located in low thoracic spine, two vertebral bodies were involved in 9 patients and three vertebral bodies involved in 8 patients. The average kyphosis angle was 25 degrees, ranging from 15 to 34 degrees. Mild neurological function deficiency (Frankel Grade C or D) were present in 5 patients. All patients were treated with one stage posterior transpedicle fixation and anterolateral interbody fusion combined with 9 month antituberculous medication. Results All patients were followed up for 2 to 4 years postoperatively. All incisions were healed up primarily. Interbody fusion was achieved in all patients from 4 to 6 months after operation. All patients were cured and there was no recurrence within follow up period. The average kyphosic angle was 7 degree postoperatively, and the average correction of kyphosis angle was 18 degree, which was maintained well within follow up period. Patients with neurological function deficiency achieved complete recovery one year after operation. Conclusion Anterolateral interbody fusion combined with transpedicle fixation provides rigid fixation and good stability for early fusion and facilitates tuberculous kyphosis correction. This one stage procedure is effective in decreasing duration of antituberculous medication and increasing curing rate of spinal tuberculosis.

Purpose: To study the relationship between chromosome abnormalities and the pathogenesis, development and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma of uterus. Methods: FISH was used to detect endometrial carcinoma, endometrial hyperplasia and normal endometrium , 10 cases in each group, respectively. Results: All of the 10 carcinoma cases had chromosome 8 mutation, including trisomy, monosomy, tetraploid and in 10 cases of endometrial hyperplasia with trisomy of chromosome 8 were found. But there were no mutations of chromosome 8 in the normal group. There was significant difference in the three groups. Conclusions: Abnormalities of chromosome 8 are significantly associated with the process of pathogenesis, development of endometrial carcinoma. The abnormalities may occur in the early stage of the carcinoma, and may have the significant association with clinical stage and pathological differentiation among the patients.

92 specimens from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma were investigated. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was demonstrated by immunocytochemical staining with an antibody against VEGF and was quantitatively estimated by using computerized image analysis system. Vessels were immunohistochemically highlighted by using an antibody to CD34, and microvessel density (MVD) was quantified. The postoperative survey in univariate analysis showed that the relapse-free-survival (RFS) time of patients with more than 87 microvessels in single microscopic field was significantly worse compared to that of patients with less than 87 microvessels in node-negative patients (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that MVD was an independent prognostic indicator for RFS in node-negative patients and all patients (P<0.05～0.01). In addition, there was a closely positive correlation between VEGF and MVD (P<0.01). The results suggested that VEGF plays crucial roles in the promotion of angiogenesis in primary breast carcinoma. VEGF and MVD are closely correlated with biological behavior of primary breast carcinomas. MVD can provide a useful message in predicting the recurrence or metastasis of tumors.