Objective: To enhance the safety of intravenous infusion and reduce the working strength of the nursing staff, a novel auto-switched intravenous infusion system was developed. Methods: The system was controlled by a low power consumption microchip. A signal was detected when the infusion was finished in one channel and then a cam mechanism was used to switch the infusion channel automatically under the supervision of the microchip. Results:A novel auto-switched intravenous infusion system was proposed and analyzed. The proposed concept is innovative, feasible and of functionality. Conclusion: The proposed auto-switched intravenous infusion system is cost effective and practical. It has potential applications and can benefit for improving current intravenous infusion situation.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of total abdominal hysterectomy(TAH), laparoscopic vaginal hysterectomy(LAVH) and transvaginal hysterectomy(TVH). Methods A retrespective analysis was conduc-ted in 710 women underwent different hysterectomy approaches,includlng 397 patients underdoing TAH,176 underdo-ing LAVH and 137 treated with TVH. Results Uterine volume, operative pelvis, pelvic adhesion were main factors infulencing different operative styles for hysterectomy ( P<0.05 ). Compared with TAH, LAVH, TVH, the operation time,blood loss ,operation complicafion and recovery time of intestinal function were significantly difference(P<0.05). Conclusion Uterine volume, pelvic adhesion, operative pelvis were major factors influencing different operative styles for hysterectomy. The clinical efficacy of TVH is best,which is less time, minimal invasion, shorter recovery time and lower cost. The application of LAVH provides a promising microinvasive approach for vaginal hysterectomy which can make operation easy, visual field clear and is worthy to be advocated too.

Objective To study the expression of Ca-A/K channel-related molecules glutamate receptor 2 and 1(GluR2/1) in hippocampus tissues of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Methods A total of 60 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group and HIBD group. Hippocampal tissues were obtained at 0 h, 1 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after HIBD. The expression of GluR2, GluR1 and autophagy marker protein Beclin-1, LC3 were detected by Western blot assay. Results Edema and focal softening and necrosis were observed 6 h after HIBD in the brains of neonatal rats. Compared with Con group, at each time point, the expression levels of GluR2 were lower while the levels of GluR1, Beclin-1 and LC3 were higher significantly in HIBD group (P<0.05). The protein levels of LC3, Beclin-1, GluR1 and GluR2 in hippocampus tissues of HIBD group were significantly different among different time points after the estab-lishment of HIBD model (F=10.65~701.14, P<0.01). The protein level of GluR2 was decreased from 1 h to 24 h after HIBD and reached the lowest level at 24 h. The levels of GluR1, Beclin-1 and LC3 were increased at 6 h, plateaued at 24 h and remained there until 48 h. The levels of these proteins returned back to the initial level at 72 h. Conclusions Ca-A/K channel-related mol-ecules GluR2 and GluR1 play important roles in the autophagic cell death of hippocampus tissues in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for standardized management of skin test of cephalosporin injection in our hos-pital. METHODS:In retrospective analysis,skin test of 8 kinds of cephalosporin [cefotaxime(1.0 g),cefotaxime(0.5 g),cefoti-am (1.0 g),cefotiam (0.5 g),ceftazidime (0.5 g),cefminox (0.5 g),cefminox (1.0 g),ceftriaxone (1.0 g)] and the cost of skin test, related cost of allergic reaction induced by cephalosporin injection were analyzed statistically during Sept. 1st, 2015-Aug. 31th,2016. The cost of skin test of cephalosporin injection was compared with allergic reaction cost reduced by skin test. RESULTS:The positive rate of 100330 patients who used above 8 kinds of cephalosporin injections was 6.27%;the rate of skin test was 82.49%;the direct cost of skin test was 3434411.72 yuan;the indirect cost was 141985.12 yuan;the cost of pa-tient was 3162901.44 yuan;the cost of medical insurance was 259096.28 yuan;the cost of the whole society was 3576396.84 yuan. From the perspective of the whole society,the cost of skin test of cephalosporin injections was(447049.61±247395.07)yuan, and allergic reaction cost reduced by skin test was (316075.48 ± 260600.49)yuan. The cost of skin test was significantly higher than allergic reaction cost reduced by skin test,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Skin test of cephalosporin injection is low in positive rate,has high expense. The government standardizes the management of skin test of cephalosporin injec-tion and reduces the economic burden of patients under the premise of ensuring the safety of drug use.

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Objective To observe the effects and safety of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) combined with Huaiqihuang on frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) in children. Methods Fifty-five child patients with FRNS were divided into control group, which was given glucocorticoid (GC) to maintain the treatment (group A, n=10), Huaiqihuang group (group B, n=17), ACTH group (group C, n=14) and ACTH combined with Huaiqihuang group (combined treatment group, group D, n=14). Continuous treatment was for 12 months. The GC treatment doses, the levels of basal secretion of adrenal cortex and adrenal cortex reserve were recorded at 6-month and 12-month respectively. And the recurrence rate and adverse reactions were observed in four groups. Results After 6-month treatment, the doses of GC were significantly lower in group C and group D than those in group A and group B (P<0.05). The levels of basal secretion of adrenal cortex were increased in turn in group A~D (P<0.05). After 12-month treatment, the doses of GC were significantly decreased in group C and group D than those in group A and group B, while the level of basal secretion of adrenal cortex and adrenal cortex reserve were increased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the doses of GC between group C and group D (P>0.05). After treatment for 6 months and 12 months, the recurrence rates of nephrotic syndrome were significantly lower in group C and group D than those of group A and group B (P<0.05). Conclusion The simple application of ACTH and the combination of Huaiqihuang can relieve the inhibition of long-term using GC on hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis in FRNS patients.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of dracorhodin perchlorate on high glucose-induced connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in human mesangial cells (HMC), and its mechanism of prevention and treatment on renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN).

METHODThe HMC were divided into low glucose group (LG group, 5.5 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose), high glucose group (HG Group 25 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose), each group was located with dracorhodin perchlorate (7. 5 micromol x L(-1)) as comparison, and was examined at 24, 48 h. The expression of CTGF mRNA was assessed by semi quantatiue RT-PCR, and the expression of CTGF protein was assessed by Western blot.

RESULTCompared to HG group, the expression of CTGF mRNA and protein were reduced in LG group after stimulating 24, 48 hours (P < 0.01). Compared to HG group, the expression of CTGF mRNA and protein were reduced in HG group by added with dracorhodin perchlorate after stimulating 24, 48 hours (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDracorhodin perchlorate can inhibit high glucose-induced connective tissue growth factor expression in human mesangial cells, and this may be its mechanism of prevention and treatment on renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Benzopyrans ; pharmacology ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mesangial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Time Factors

Objective:To observe the effects of self-designed Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction on cardiac function and serum endothelin (ET-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels in patients with chronic heart failure (GHF) complicated with atrial fibrillation.Methods:A total of 100 patients with GHF complicated with atrial fibrillation treated in our hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the study subjects, and divided into experimental group and control group according to random number table method, with 50 patients in each group. Patients in both groups were given cardiotonic, diuretic, vasodilator and other conventional treatment, and patients in the experimental group added self-designed Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction. TCM syndrome score, left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), serum ET-1 and MMP-9 levels, clinical efficacy, safety and incidence of adverse reactions were observed and compared between 2 groups before and after treatment.Results:The total response rate was 82.0% (41/50) in the observation group and 62.0% (31/50) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=4.96, P=0.026). After treatment, the symptoms scores of palpitation, shortness of breath, fatigue, chest and hypochasm pain in the observation group were significantly significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=5.28, 5.29, 5.62, 5.42, P<0.01). After treatment, the LVEDD[(51.23±6.59)mm vs. (55.65±6.17)mm, t=3.46], LVESD[(43.10±4.76)mm vs. (45.99±5.31)mm, t=2.87], serum ET-1[(65.79±8.29)μg/L vs. (79.83±10.08)μg/L, t=7.61], MMP-9 [(175.86±24.81)ng/L vs. (189.49±26.13)ng/L, t=2.68] in experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05), while LVEF [(50.01±7.6)% vs. (46.25±6.96)%, t=2.57] was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in GPT, GOT, UA, SCr levels between both groups before and after treatment ( P>0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions betewwn both groups. Conclusion:The self-designed Yiqi Huoxue Huayu Decoction can relieve the clinical symptoms, improve the heart function and serum ET-1 and MMP-9 levels in patients with GHF complicated with atrial fibrillation safely.

Objective To evaluate effect of dexmedetomidine on mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis during hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury to hippocampal neurons of rats.Methods The primarily cultured hippocampal neurons of Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups (n =40 each) using a random number table method:control group (C group),vehicle group (V group),H/R group and dexmedetomidine group (D group).Hippocampal neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by restoration of oxygen supply to establish the model of H/R injury.Dexmedetomidine 1 μmol/L was added at 6 h of reoxygenation in D group.The viability of neurons was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay at 20 h of reoxygenation.The ultrastructure of mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscopy.The expression of cytochrome c (Cyt c),caspase-3,Fis1 and Drp1 was detected by Western blot.The neuronal apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,and apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with C group,no significant change was found in the viability of neurons in group V (P＞0.05),and the viability of neurons was significantly decreased,the apoptosis rate was increased,the expression of Cyt c,caspase-3,Fis1 and Drp1 was up-regulated (P＜0.05),and the damage to mitochondrial ultrastructure was accentuated in H/R and D groups.Compared with H/R group,the viability of neurons was significantly increased,the apoptosis rate was decreased,the expression of Cyt c,caspase-3,Fis1 and Drp1 was down-regulated (P＜0.05),and the damage to mitochondrial ultrastructure was significantly attenuated in D group.Conclusion The nechanism by which dexmedetomidine reduces the H/R injury to hippocampal neurons is related to inhibiting mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in rats.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of KAI1 expression in colon cancer tissues for tumor recurrence.Methods:Ninety-two pathological tissue samples were collected from patients undergoing radical operation for colon cancer in Tangshan People's Hospital from August 2010 to November 2011. According to the results of follow-up, the patients were divided into recurrent group (33 cases) and non-recurrent group (59 cases). KAI1 expression in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. χ2 test was used to analyze the relationship between KAI1 expression in colon cancer tissues and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with colon cancer. Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between KAI1 expression in colon cancer tissues and the recurrence time of patients. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the related factors affecting postoperative recurrence of colon cancer. Results:KAI1 expression in tumor tissues in the recurrent group was lower than that in the non-recurrent group [39.39% (13/33) vs. 62.71% (37/59), χ2 = 4.638, P = 0.031]. KAI1 expression was not associated with patients' gender, age and tumor maximum diameter (all P > 0.05), but related to the tumor differentiation and lymphatic metastasis [high and medium differentiation vs. low differentiation: 70.3% (26/37) vs. 43.6% (24/55), χ2 = 6.324, P =0.012; lymph node metastasis vs. non-lymph node metastasis: 43.2% (19/44) vs. 64.6% (31/48), χ2 = 4.238, P = 0.039]. KAI1 expression in tumor tissues was positively correlated with tumor recurrence time ( r = 0.845, P < 0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that the low differentiation of the tumor, lymph node metastasis and negative expression of KAI1 in colon cancer tissues were independent risk factors for recurrence of colon cancer after surgery ( HR = 1.736, 95% CI 1.598-5.391, P = 0.019; HR =1.526, 95% CI 1.175-3.029, P = 0.037; HR = 1.799,95% CI 1.756-5.825, P = 0.013). Conclusion:Low KAI1 expression in colon cancer tissues is closely related to colon cancer recurrence, and the detection of KAI1 expression in colon cancer tissues has certain predictive value for tumor recurrence.