Objective To investigate the association of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL 1Ra) gene polymorphism with osteoporosis in Chinese old men. Methods The allele frequency and the genotype distribution of the second intron of IL 1Ra gene in the groups of senile control (normal bone mineral density, n=65) and senile men with osteoporosis (n=68) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The frequencyofA 2alleleincontrolgroup was higher than that in osteoporosis group (0.192 vs 0.103, P

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the preparation process of Naringin liposome gel,and to establish the quality control method of the gel. METHODS:The preparation method of Naringin liposome was investigated by single factor test with encapsula-tion percentage as index. The phosphatide concentration,the proportion of phosphatide to cholesterol and the proportion of phospha-tide to drug in the liposomes were optimized by orthogonal design. Using formability,spread performance and stability as compre-hensive evaluation indicator,the dosage of carbopol and triethanolamine and drug-loading amount in the gels were optimized by or-thogonal design. The quality control method of the gel was established preliminarily. RESULTS:Naringin liposomes were prepared by the method of ethanol injection;the optimal formulation of the liposomes was as follows as phosphatide 30 mg/ml,the propor-tion of phosphatide to cholesterol 3∶1,the proportion of phosphatide to drug 10∶1;that of the gels was as follows as carbopol 0.30 g,triethanolamine 1.0 g,drug-loading amount 1.0 g/20 g. Average encapsulation efficiency of validation test was 40.19% for Lipo-some(RSD=0.10%,n=3);comprehensive score was 9.8,average content of naringin was 0.58%(accounting for 96.67% of la-bel amount)for gels. The quality control method of the preparation was established,i.g. identification,content determination. CON-CLUSIONS:The optimal preparation formulation is feasible,and the preparation is controllable in quality.

BACKGROUND:It is crucial for us to find an objective and sensitive means for the assessment ofthe severitv and development of dementia,so as to make instant diagnosis and examination of therapeutic effect on patientswith vascular dementias(VD).Event related potential endogenetic eomponent P300 is proved closely correlated with the cognitive management of examinees but not with stimulus property,thereby considered as one of the most valuable and objective index for brain superior psychological activity.OBJECTIVE:To study the role and significance of events related potential P300,providing objective basis for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic assessment for patients with VD.DESIGN:Non-randomized simultaneous controlled explorative study based on patients. SETTING:Neurological department and electromyography department in aprovincial hospital and neurological department in a medical college hospital.PARTICIPANTS:Between February 2000 and June 2001,64 patients were of VD at neurological clinic and ward ofthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical College,including 38 males and 26 females with theaverage age of(66.0±4.6)years(VD group).Culturallevel:19 cases re-ceiyed over senior school education,31 cases of junior school education and14 cases of illiteracy.Meanwhile 60 inpatients without VD were enrolled(non-VD group)including 35 males and 25 females withthe average age of(68.0±3.7)years.Culturallevel:senior school or above,15 cases,junior school, 29 cases and illiteracy,16 cases.METHODS:Mental sate of both VD and non-VD groups were assessed with mini-mental state examination(MMSE),and tested with P300 potential observing the variability of latency and amplitude of P300 in patients.Both methods were compared between VD group and non-VD group, moreover relationship between P300 latency and MMSE scores was also explored.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Variability of P300 latency and amplitude Relationship between P300 latency and MMSE scores.RESULTS:P300 latency was found prolonged in 74% and 7% of VD group and non-VD group respectively,with obvious significance between them,meanwhile prolonged P300 latency was proved closely correlated with the MMSE scores(r=0.609 6,P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:P300 latency can be considered as an obiective predictor for the earlier diagnosis and the assessment of therapeutic effects in patients with VD.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms of exon 6 C161→T of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ(PPART)gene and osteoporosis in elderly male. Methods Polymerase chain reaction restriction-fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)was used to analyze the gene frequency distribution in the groups of nonosteoporosis and osteoporosis in elderly male.Bone mineral density of lumbar and hip(neck of femur,greater trochanter,Ward's triangle)were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.Serum osteocalcin level was measured by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results The exon 6 of PPARγ had 3 genotypes(CC,CT and TT).The frequency of T allele in osteoporosis was higher than that in non-osteoporosis.Compared with the control group,serum bone glaprotein level and bone mineral density was lower in osteoporosis group.The bone mineral density in the genotype of CT and TT groups were lower than that in the genotype of CC group. Conclusions The study shows that the single nucleotide polymorphisms of 6th exons of PPARγ may relate to osteoporosis in elderly male.T allele of PPARγ may be a predisposing factor of osteoporosis in elderly male.PPARγmay be a candidate gene of osteoporosis in elderly males.

Objective To observe the effect of high iodine on mRNA expression of thyroid hormone receptor (TSHR),protein kinase A (PKA) and sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in peripheral blood of patients with thyroid diseases during lacatation.Methods A total of 99 breast-feeding women were selected as observation objects in Shanxi Province's sufficient iodine and high iodine areas,and they were divided into case group and control group according to whether suffer from thyroid disease.In high iodine areas,there were 21 patients and 19 healthy controls.In sufficient iodine areas,there were 30 patients and 29 healthy controls.Peripheral blood of all the observation objects was collected,and mRNA expression of TSHR,PKA and NIS was detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Results The case group [median (M):0.099,0.994] and the control group (M:0.240,0.738) in the high iodine areas were respectively compared with the case group (M:3.087,1.127) and the control group (M:1.823,0.842) in the sufficient iodine areas.The TSHR mRNA expression was significantly decreased (Z =-5.034,-4.010,all P ＜ 0.01);the PKA mRNA expression had a downward trend,and the difference was not statistically significant (Z =2.895,-0.343,all P＞ 0.05).The NIS mRNA expression of the case group in high iodine areas (M:0.485) was obviously lower than that of the the case group in sufficient iodine regions (M:2.680,Z=-3.311,P ＜ 0.01).The control group in high iodine areas (M:0.470) was compared with the control group in sufficient iodine areas (M:0.835),and the difference was not statistically significant (Z =-1.882,P ＞ 0.05).The NIS and the TSHR mRNA were positively correlated [correlation coefficient (r) =0.741,P ＜ 0.01];the NIS and the PKA mRNA was also positively correlated (r =0.293,P ＜ 0.01);but the TSHR mRNA was not significantly correlated with the PKA mRNA (r =-0.081,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Lactating women may have protected themselves and their babies through TSH-TSHR-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway that regulating iodine levels.

Objective To observe the variation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K),protein kinase B (AKT),sodium iodide symporter (NIS) mRNA and protein expression in rat mammary tissues and serum insulin growth factor Ⅰ (IGF-1) under different iodine nutrition levels,and to study the role of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in the process of mammary gland intaking iodine during lactation period.Methods Totally 130 Wistar rats (100 female rats,30 male rats) were randomly divided into five groups with 20 female rats in each group:①control group (NI):was feed with normal diet and iodine content 50 μg/L in deionized water;②low iodine group 1 (LI1 group):was feed with low iodine diet and deionized water;③low iodine group 2 (LI2):was feed with low iodine diet and iodine content 5 μg/L in deionized water;④high iodine group 1 (HI1 group):was feed with normal diet and iodine content 3 000 μg/L in deionized water;⑤high iodine group 2 (HI2):was feed with normal diet and iodine content 10 000 μg/L in deionized water.After feeding for 3 months,females were mated with male rats,then male rats were taken out and every female rat was feed individually.Urinary iodine level of rats in lactation period 10 days after giving birth was tested.Blood and mammary tissue samples of rats in lactation period were taken after killing them.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum IGF-1 level,real-time fluorescence quantification PCR to detect the mRNA expression of mammary gland PI3K,AKT and NIS,Western blotting to detect mammary gland PI3K,total AKT,phosphorylation AKT (p-AKT) and NIS protein expression.Results The medians urinary iodine of lactation period rats in LI1 and LI2 (3.16,6.36 μg/L) were significantly lower than that in NI group (162.59 μg/L),and were significantly higher in HI1 and HI2 (2 356.27,11 507.29 μg/L) than that in NI group.The differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with control group [(8.84 ± 2.12) μg/L],the content of serum IGF-1 increased significantly in lactation period rats in LI1 and LI2 groups [(13.30 ± 2.37) and (10.90 ± 1.92) μg/L,all P＜ 0.01].The real-time fluorescence quantification PCR detection results indicated that the differences were statistically significant by comparing NIS,AKT,PI3K mRNA expression of the mammary tissues of lactation period rats in the five groups (F=14.916,36.477,14.994,all P＜ 0.01).Among them,NIS mRNA expression quantities in LI1 and LI2 groups (0.75 ± 0.40,0.89 ± 0.51) were significantly higher than that in NI group (0.53 ± 0.31),and significantly lower in HI2 group (0.30 ± 0.24) than that in NI group (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).AKT mRNA expression quantities in LI1 and LI2 groups (0.90 ± 0.19,0.64 ± 0.22) were significantly higher than that in NI group (0.43 ± 0.22),and significantly lower in HI2 group (0.29 ± 0.15) than that in NI group (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).PI3K mRNA expression quantity in LI1 group (0.85 ± 0.42) was significantly higher than that in NI group (0.50 ± 0.24),and significantly lower in HI2 group (0.28 ± 0.10) than that in NI group (all P ＜ 0.01).Western blot detection results indicated that the differences were statistically significant by comparing mammary gland NIS protein expression of lactation period rats in the five groups (F=4.510,P＜ 0.01).Among them,LI1 group (1.67 ± 0.97) was significantly higher than NI group (0.87 ± 0.43,P ＜ 0.05).The differences were statistically significant by comparing the p-AKT protein expression among groups (F =3.528,P ＜ 0.05).Among them,HI2 group (1.10 ± 0.30) was significantly higher than NI group (0.75 ± 0.23,P ＜0.05).The differences were not statistically significant by comparing total AKT and PI3K protein expression among groups (F =0.558,1.319,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The inhibitory effect of PI3K-AKT signaling pathways on NIS in the mammary gland was weaker than the effect of iodine intake.But the expression of functional p-AKT was gradually increased with the increment of iodine intake,which had been presented inhibit effect on NIS expression in lactating mammary gland.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis in patients with uterine leiomyoma complicated by amyloidosis. Methods A total of 36 uterine leiomyoma patients were recruited in this study, and divided into two group by Congo red staining:amyloidosis group (n=6) and non-amyloidosis group (n=30). (1) Amyloidosis deposition was observed in amyloidosis group. (2) HE staining was used to compare changes of inflammatory cells in two groups. (3)PAS staining was used to observe polysaccharide difference in two groups. (4)Values of serum hemoglobin (HGB), white blood cell count (WBC), lymphocyte absolute value (LYM), neutrophil absolute value (NEU), total protein (TP), albumin (Alb) and prealbumin (PA) were com?pared between two groups. Results (1)Leiomyoma entity cells were negatively Congo red stained, while 5 out of 6 pseudo-capsule fiber deposition and 2 out of 6 blood vessel were positively Congo red stained. (2)Infiltrations of inflammatory cells were observed in two groups. (3) The PAS positive staining was found in amyloidosis deposition and non-amyloidosis deposi?tion groups. (4)There were no significant differences in HGB, WBC, NEU, LYM, TP, Alb and PA levels between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Metabolism changes resulted from cell function alterations in local micro-environment by uterine leiomyoma may be related to the formation of the amyloidosis.

Objective To study the assessment implement and its related factors in type 2 diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)(Beijing Version)was chosen as cognition assessment implement.58 type 2 diabetic patients with MCI were enrolled as the research group and 30 type 2 diabetic patients with normal cognitive function as control.HbA_(1C),blood lipid,urine microalbumin,liver and renal functions were measured in all subjects.Results Compared with control group,the blood levels of HbA_(1C)[(10.48±2.38 vs 9.28±2.19)%,P<0.05],total cholesterol[(4.87±1.18 vs 4.18±1.04)mmol/L,P<0.01],and low-density lipeprotein-cholesterol[LDL-C,(2.97±0.87 vs 2.37±0.61)mmol/L,P<0.01]increased,and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased[(1.084±0.34 vs 1.25±0.33)mmoL/L,P<0.05]in MCI group.There were significant differences in the duration of diabetes mellitus,diabetic retinopathy,body mass index,and abdominal circumference between MCI group and control group(all P<0.05).There were no significant differences in blood triglycerides,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),creatinine,and urine microalbumin between the two groups.MoCA scores were negatively correlated with HbA_(1C)(r=-0.396,P=0.002)and LDL-C(r=-0.275,P=0.036)in MCI group.Multiple regression analysis showed that HbA_(1C) was a significantly independent determinant for the MoCA scores.Conclusion The risk factors such as longer duration of diabetes mellitus.more diabetea mellitus complications,obesity,dyslipidemia,and inefficient control of blood glucoge all contribute to the development and aggravation of cognitive impairment.Therefore,good control of blood glucose and lipids,and reduction of complication and body weight may help to improve the cognitive function.

Objective To study clinical feature and therapeutic choice of pituitary adenomas. Methods The clinical data of 239 cases of pituitary adenomas were analyzed. Results Total 93 male and 146 female cases were recruited. The average age was (43.8 ± 14.9 ) years old (3.9-77 years). Prolactinomas were the most common pituitary adenomas (26.8%) , 179 patients (74.9%) underwent surgery, of which 108 (60.3%) with transsphenoidal approach and 71 (39.7%) transcranial approach. The other 60 cases were treated nonsurgically. Conclusions Pituitary adenomas may present hormonal abnormalities or neurological symptoms.Some adenomas were accidently detected by MRI. Prolactinomas were the most common pituitary adenomas.

Aim To observe the effect of mineralocor-ticoid receptor blockade eplerenone on cell proliferation in obstructed kidney of rats. Methods Renal intersti-tial fibrotic animals were made with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and treated with eplerenone100 mg · kg - 1 · d - 1 . The kidneys were harvested on the 10th day and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PC-NA ), serum and glucocorticoid induced kinase-1 (SGK-1 ) and transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) were detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results Renal histopathology showed large quantities extracellular matrix (ECM) accumula-tion in kidney with UUO, large numbers of inflammato-ry cells infiltrated in renal interstitium, renal tubular expansion and exfoliation of epithelial cells . The cell proliferation and ECM accumulation were inhibited in eplerenone treated rats significantly. Immunohisto-chemistry and Western blot showed that expressions of PCNA,SGK-1 and TGF-β1 were significantly up-regu-lated with UUO and down-regulated by eplerenone. Conclusion Eplerenone plays the role in inhibiting the cell proliferation and reducing ECM accumulation by down-regulating expression of SGK-1 pathway in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction.