Objective To evaluate the value of transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound(2D-TVS)and transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-TVS) in the diagnosis of intrauterine lesions with abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods Intrauterine lesions for 171 patients underwent 2D-TVS followed by 3D-TVS in the same session.Within 10 days of the sonographic session,each patient underwent pathologic histology examination after hysteroscopy examination or surgery therapy,which was considered the reference standard.For each of the two imaging methods,sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy were calculated.Results The results of 2D-TVS and 3D-TVS had good agreement with pathological results in endometrial hyperplasia,endometrial polyps,uterus submucous myoma and endometrial cancer.For 2D-TVS,sensitivity was 84.5％,71.4％,86.8％,66.7％,and specificity was 86.7％,90.7％,97.0％,98.7％,respectively; For 3D-TVS,sensitivity was 91.4％,87.3％,92.1％,83.3％,and specificity was 93.8％,96.3 ％,97.7 ％,98.7 ％,respectively.The diagnose accordance rate of the 3D-TVS for intrauterine lesions was statistically higher than that of the 2D-TVS (89.5％ vs 78.9％,P ＜0.05).Conclusions The sensitivity and diagnose accordance rate of 3D-TVS was higher than that by 2D-TVS,3D-TVS plays an important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of intrauterine lesions.

The basic nursing quality is an important dial of the general administration level and the basic personnel quality of a hospital.Many causes have led to the down trend of the basic nursing quali- ty.After a specific analysis of the causes of such a trend,important measures and solutions have been put forth,The first is to strengthen the moral education of the profession and upgrade the quality of the nursing staff.The second is to adopt the "group responsibility" administration and gradually carry out a systimatic integrated nursing so that a transformation of nursing models is put to practice,The third is to broaden the outlet of human resources so that personnel are rationally employed and the rate of job— taking raised.The last one is to heighten the initiative of the nursing staff through the rational opera- tion of the "incentive"mechanism in accordance with the law of values.

Objective To examine the reliability and validity of Chinese version of the achievement goal questionnaire(AGQ).Methods The English version of the AGQ was translated into Chinese which was then translated into English again to verify that the Chinese version was the same constructs as the original version.Stratified chester sampling method was used for 1115 university students.Additionally,internal consistency,test-retest and confirmatory factor analyses were analyzed.Results (1) All of the NFI (0.941),CFI (0.953),TLI (0.924),x2/df (2.386),REMEA (0.046) met the criteria standards for adequacy of fit.The factors loadings ranged from 0.47 to 0.93 ; the squared multiple correlations were 0.22-0.86.(2) The invariance of the AGQ across gender was supported.(3)The Cronbach's α coefficient of the AGQ was 0.83;the test-reliability coefficient was 0.77 ;the mean interitem correlation coefficients ranged from 0.40 to 0.57.(4) The correlation coefficients of the four factors with the total scale score ranged from 0.54 to 0.77,and the correlation coefficients among the four factors ranged from 0.06 to 0.61.Performance approach and master approach goal was significantly positive correlations with self-esteem.Performance avoidance and mastery avoidance goal was significantly negative correlations with self-esteem,but positively with anxiety.Master approach goal was significantly negative correlations with anxiety.Conclusion The Chinese version of the AGQ is a reliable and valid method for assessing achievement goal in Chinese-speaking sample.

ObjectiveTo investigate the extracorporeal clearance rate of imipenem in severe infection patients in the mode of continuous vena-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), in order to approach if the concentration of imipenem in plasma could achieve effective levels of anti-infection, and to explore the effect of time and anticoagulation measure on imipenem clearance during CRRT treatment.Methods A prospective observational study was conducted. All adult severe infection patients complicating acute kidney injury (AKI) in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March 2013 to September 2014, who were prescribed imipenem as part of their required medical care, and CRRT for treatment of AKI were enrolled. 0.5 g doses of imipenem was administered intravenously every 6 hours or 8 hours according to random number table, and infused over 0.5 hour. The unfractionated heparin was used for anticoagulation in the patients without contraindications, and no anticoagulation strategy was used in the patients with high risk of bleeding. At 24 hours after first time of administration, postfilter venous blood and ultrafiltrate samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 5, 6, and 8 hours after imipenem administration. The concentration of imipenem in above samples was determined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS).Results A total of 25 patients were enrolled. Thirteen patients received imipenem intravenously every 6 hours, and 12 patients, every 8 hours. The anticoagulation was conducted with heparin in 13 cases, and 12 cases without anticoagulation. The intra-day precision, inter-day precision, matrix effect, and recovery rate in low, medium, and high concentration of plasma and ultrafiltrate, and the stability of samples under different conditions showed a good result, the error of accuracy was controlled in the range of±15%. With the application of Prismaflex blood filtration system and AN69-M100 filter, under the mode with CVVH, the total clearance rate of imipenem was (8.874±2.828) L/h when the actual dose of replacement fluid was (31.63±1.48) mL·kg-1·h-1, the total CRRT clearance rate of imipenem in vitro was (2.211±0.539) L/h, which accounting for (30.1±15.7)% of the total drug clearance. In 6 hours interval dosage regimen, the percentages of the time> 4×minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at specific 4×MIC of 2, 4, 6, and 8μg/mL of imipenem were more than 40% of the dosing interval. But in the 8 hours interval dosage regimen, when the level was above the 4×MIC of 4μg/mL, maintaining time would drop below 40% of the dosing interval, with significant differences compared with that in 6 hours interval dosage regimen [4×MIC = 2μg/mL: (60.84±20.25)%vs. (94.01±12.46)%,t = 4.977,P = 0.001; 4×MIC = 4μg/mL: (39.85±15.88)% vs. (68.74±9.57)%,t = 5.562, P = 0.000; 4×MIC = 6μg/mL: (27.58±13.70)% vs. (53.97±8.36)%,t = 5.867,P = 0.000; 4×MIC = 8μg/mL:(18.87±12.43)% vs. (43.48±7.83)%,t = 5.976,P = 0.000]. No significant change in sieving coefficient of imipenem was found within a short time (6 hours), which indicated that there was no effect of anticoagulation on clearance of imipenem by AN69-M100 filter, and no statistical significance was found with repeated measure analysis (F = 0.186, P> 0.05).ConclusionsThe clearance rate of imipenem is increased significantly in vitro under the mode of CVVH with the actual dose of replacement fluid was (31.63±1.48) mL·kg-1·h-1 in severe infective patients with severe sepsis complicating AKI, affecting the level of plasma drug concentration, need to adjust the dosage regimen. When the time of the dosing interval was shortened, the concentration of imipenem in patients' plasma could be increased significantly. In a short period of time, the sieving coefficient of imipenem through AN69 filter is not affected by anticoagulation measures and time cleaning efficiency will not decline.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of lidocaine solid lipid nanoparticles (L-SLNs) for sciatic nerve blockade in rats.Methods Lidocaine-loaded SLNs were prepared using high pressure homogenization.Ninety SPF male Wistar rats,weighing 220-280 g,were randomized into 6 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),1％ L-SLN group (group L1-SLN),1％ lidocaine group (group L1),2％ L-SLN group (group L2-SLN),2％ lidocaine group (group L2),and blank SLN group (group SLN).In C,L1-SLN,L1,L2-SLN,L2 and SLN groups,normal saline,1％ lidocaine SLN,1％ lidocaine,2％ lidocaine SLN,2％ lidocaine and blank SLN (200 μl) were injected,respectively,around the sciatic nerve.Before sciatic nerve blockade (baseline) and at 10,20,30,60,120,180,240,300,360,420,480,540 and 600 min after blockade,the paw withdraw latency to a thermal stimulus was measured,and maximum possible effect (MPE) was calculated to reflect the degree of sensory block.Before sciatic nerve blockade and at 10,20,30,60,120 and 150 min after blockade,extensor postural thrust (EPT) of the hind limbs was detected to reflect the degree of motor block.The sciatic nerve at the injection site and the tissues around the site were obtained for observation of the pathological changes at 2 days and 1 and 4 weeks after blockade.Results Compared with the baseline value before blockade and group C,the MPE was significantly increased in at 10-30 min after blockade group L1,at 10-60 min after blockade in group L2,at 10-360 min after blockade in group L1-SLN,and at 10-540 min after blockade in group L2-SLN,and the EPT was decreased at 10-30 min after blockade in group L1,at 10-60 min after blockade in group L2 and group L1-SLN,and at 10-90 min after blockade in group L2-SLN.Compared with group L1,the MPE was significantly decreased at 10 min after blockade,no significant change was found at 20-30 min after blockade,and the MPE was increased at 60-360 min after blockade,and the EPT was increased at 10-30 min after blockade,and no significant change was found at the other time points in group L1-SLN.Compared with group L2,no significant change was found in the MPE at 10-30 min after blockade,the MPE was significantly increased at 60-540 minafter blockade,and the EPT was increased at 10-60 min after blockade,and no significant change was found at the other time points in L2-SLN group.In SLN,L1-SLN and L2-SLN groups,no pathological changes were found in the sciatic nerve at the injection site and the tissues around the site,and only mild inflammatory responses were observed.Conclusion L-SLNs can prolong the duration of block when applied for sciatic nerve blockade in rats and biocompatibility is good.

Objective To investigate the level of uncertainty of illness and social support state in patients with prediabetes,and to discuss the correlation between the two.Methods 243 cases with prediabetes were analyzed by Uncertainty in Illness Scale and Social Support Rating Scale.Results There was a middle uncertainty in the elderly patients with prediabetes.The objective support,sabjective support,social support utilization degree and social support score were negatively related to the complexity of uncertainty(r--0.419,-0.433,-0.390 and-0.421,respectively,all P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Medical staff should evaluate the uncertainty in illness in elderly patients with prediabetes and conduct nursing intervention accordingly,in order to reduce the uncertainty,increase social support,and ultimately improve the quality of life.

Objective To study the association between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; rs2241766,rs1501299 and rs12495941) variants of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in PCOS family trios.Methods A total of 224 unrelated PCOS probands,their biological parents were recruited.Anthropometric variables such as waist circumference (WC),hip circumference (HC),height and weight were measured in all subjects during the first visit to the outpatient department.Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated.Serum fasting glucose (FBG),fasting insulin (FINS),total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low-density lipoprotein and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels were measured.PCOS patients were divided into two groups based on BMh group A (BMI＜25 kg/m2) and group B (BMI≥25 kg/m2).Parents of PCOS patients were accordingly categorized into group C,D (fathers) and group E,F (mothers).The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was used to analyze the association between three SNP of ADIPOQ and PCOS.Results (1) A significant positive association was detected between SNP rs1501299 and PCOS (x2=7.093,P=0.008).However we failed to find significant overtransmission of the other two SNP rs2241766 and rs12495941 from parents to PCOS offsprings (x2=1.620,P=0.203; x2=0.713,P=0.398).(2) Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was analyzed in the subjects,rs1501299 and rs2241766 were in weak LD (r2=0.063,D'=0.621).(3) The levels of WC,HC,WHR,testosterone,TG,HDL and FINS were significantly differences between obese and lean PCOS patients (P＜0.05).While in fathers we only found WC,HC,TC levels being statistically different (P＜ 0.05).Mothers of obese PCOS patients had increased levels of FINS compared with mothers of lean PCOS patients (P＜0.05).The genotype frequencies of the three SNP were not different in obese and lean PCOS patients and their parents (P＞0.05).Conclusions TDT confirms that SNP rs1501299 in the ADIPOQ is significantly associated with the risk of PCOS in the Chinese Han population.The three SNP of the ADIPOQ were not associated with the obesity of PCOS.

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is the ciliary artery-circulatory disorders for the supply of optic nerve head area before the sieve plate prozone and sieve plate district, result in the insufficient blood supply of the optic nerve head and ischemia hypoxia, edema. Clinical manifestations of the type with non-artery inflammatory neuropathy and artery inflammatory neuropathy, which would both eventually lead to the irreversible damage to the optic nerve. In the early phase of AION, the main method is giving a glucocorticoids intravenous drip and a periglomerular injection (or retrobulbar injection) in time, but using the glucocorticoids for a long time or in quantity can cause a series of complications. Therefore, the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment of AION has become more and more significant in clinic.

Objective To explore the effect of xuezhikang on blood lipids,vascular endothelial function and redox balance in patients with carotid atherosclerosis.Methods A total of 108 inpatients with carotid atherosclerosis in cardiology department were randomly divided into two groups:xuezhikang group (n = 54) and cholestyramin group (n= 54).Before and after treatment,the levels of total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),nitric oxide (NO),endothelin-1 (ET-1),reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) of all patients were measured.The GSH/GSSG as redox potentials were calculated according to Nernst equation.Results After 12 weeks of treatment,the levels of blood lipids were lower than before treatment in xuezhikang group [TC:(3.94±1.36) mmol/L vs.(5.68±1.47) mmol/L;LDL-C:(2.28±1.11) mmol/L vs.(3.43±1.36) mmol/L;TG:(1.54±0.59) mmol/L vs.(1.73±0.66)mmol/L;t=3.915,4.160,2.187;P<0.01,0.01,0.05,respectively],and the levels of blood lipids also decreased in cholestyramin group [TC:(4.15 ± 1.29) mmol/L vs.(5.73 ± 1.52)mmol/L;LDLC:(2.56± 1.06) mmol/L vs.(3.37± 1.35) mmol/L;TG:(1.69±0.57) mmol/L vs.(1.72±0.67) mmol/L;t=3.760,4.035,1.893;P<0.01,0.01,>0.05,respectively].In xuezhikang group,ET-1,GSSG and GSSG/GSH ratios decreased significantly [(121.71 + 59.11) ng/L vs.(154.43±63.06) ng/L;(30.42± 1.59) μmol/L vs.(33.93±1.74) μ mol/L;-146.1±4.4vs.-142.3±4.3;t=2.168,2.325,4.168;P<0.05,0.05,0.01,respectively],and NO,NO/ET-1 ratios,GSH and GSH/GSSG increased significantly [(64.40 ± 18.86) μmol/L vs.(48.41 ±16.53) μmol/L;(0.54±0.19) vs.(0.33±0.16);(321.27±56.47) μmol/L vs.(286.11±38.23)μmol/L;(10.56±1.70) vs.(8.65±1.18);t=3.725,3.987,3.894,4.168;all P<0.01].Conclusions For patients with carotid atherosclerosis,both xuezhikang and cholestyramin could lower blood lipids efficiently,but only xuezhikang could protect vascular endothelial function partly,and makes plasma redox imbalance shift the balance.