OBJECTIVE:To investigate the use of antibiotics in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy in our hospital.METHODS:A total of 120 copies of discharge records of patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy written by four doctors(30 copies/doctor) between Jan 2006 and Jun 2006 in proctology department were sampled and divided into four groups in accordance with different charging doctors,and a statistical analysis was carried out in respect of the drug consumption sum and medication data of these patients.RESULTS:The irrational use of antibiotics in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy in proctology department of our hospital manifested as unclear indications of medication,improper time of drug use,and the prolonged continuous drug use.There were significant differences among four groups in the average drug consumption sum(P

Objective To study the molecular mechanism of MPTP-induced neuronal degeneration of substantia nigra in C57BL mice. Methods The C57BL mice model of Parkinson's disease were prepared by peritoneal administration of MPTP. These differentially expressed sequenced tags (EST) were obtained with mRNA differential display technique. Reverse Northern blotting was employed to eliminate the false positive ESTs. The true positive EST were cloned and sequenced. Results One of the two specific EST in degenerative substantia nigra was sequensed to be 121 bp and showed low homology with human v-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene (abl) exon 1b. Conclusions Our data suggested that MPTP may induce altered expression of promoting apoptotic genes to cause neuronal degeneration in substantia nigra.

According to content of ‘lipid metabolism’,we crafted a effective case for problem based learning (PBL) and practiced it in biochemistry course.In group discussion,students participated in discussion with great enthusiasm and initiative.During the discussion,students got a better understanding about lipid metabolism and clinical application of the knowledge.As teachers,we maily guided students during PBL,and at the same time,we also summed up the experience and explored how PBL be implemented for freshmen and sophomores who lack clinical practice.

Objective To understand the depression status and its influencing factors of Chenzhou rural widowed elderly with different genders.Methods A random sample of 342 widowed elderly from 30 villages was investigated using the Geriatric Depression Scale and a self-designed questionnaire.Results Widowed elderly depression detection rate was 29.8％,depressive symptoms among elderly women detection rate was 34.7％,higher than men's depressive symptoms detection rate,which was 22.9％.Binary Logistic regression analysis showed:Alone,decreased self-care ability was the common risk factors of depressive symptoms of widowed elderly.The impact on men was bigger than on female.Age,chronic diseases were the main factors affecting depression status of elderly men,and economic security was the main factors affecting the depression status of elderly women.Conclusions The incidence of depressive symptoms in rural widowed elderly is high,but there are differences between widowed elderly with different genders in depression status and influencing factors.Therefore the community workers need to take targeted interventions to promote mental health for the elderly.

Objective To investigate the effects of antidepressant therapy on whole regulating function of OPG/RANKL/RANK system in ovariectomized (OVX) rat model with depressive disorder.Methods Forty sexually mature female SD rats were used as subjects.The rats were randomly divided into 8 groups as following:sham group(Sn),depression group(Dn),the OVX group (On),the OVX with depression group(ODn),OVX with depression +sertraline group (ODs),and OVX with depression + citalopram (ODx),OVX with depression + reboxetine group(ODr),OVX with depression + venlafaxine group (ODw).Bilateral oophorectomy was applied to establish the ovariectomized rats model.Chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) was used to estalish depression model.Open-field test and sugar consumption experiment were applied before the experiment and the 28th day of the experiment.Immunohistochemistry and Quantitative Real-time PCR were used to observe the expression of OPG,RANKL and RANK.Results After chronic unpredictable mild stress the scores of horizontal motion,vertical motion and percentage of sugar consumption experiment in Dn group were decreased contrast to the in control Sn group (P＜0.05)and the scores in ODn group were decreased in contrast to the On group (P＜0.05).The protein and gene expression of RANK in Dn group and On group were increased in contrast to the Sn group (P＜0.05).The protein and gene expression of RANKL in Dn group and On group were increased in contrast to the Sn group (P＜0.05).The gene expression of OPG in ODs group(5.94±0.79),ODw group(5.99± 1.08) and ODr group(6.59±0.69) was decreased in contrast to the ODn group (4.96±0.51) (P＜0.05).The gene expression of RANK in ODs group (2.82±0.23),ODx group(3.03±0.04) was increased in contrast to the ODn group(3.44±0.18) (P＜0.05).The gene expression of RANKL in ODs group(4.82±0.94),ODx group(5.00±0.82) and ODw group(5.23±0.88)was decreased in contrast to the ODn group (3.69± 0.69) (P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of RANK and RANKL in femoral neck is increased both in depressive disorder model rats and ovariectomized model rats.The antidepressant can up-regulate the expression of RANK,and down-regulate the expression of OPG and RANKL in the OVX with depression group.Of the effect,sertraline is the strongest,however reboxetine mesylate is the poorest.

Objective To investigate the expression of apoptosis-related neuclosome assembly protein-1(NAP-1) gene in related brain region of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) treated mice and beta-amyloid treated rats. Methods The animal models with central nervous system degeneration were established by consecutive administration of MPTP to C57BL mice and injection of beta-amyloid to brain ventricular of SD rats. The RNA in striatum and substantia nigra of mice and the RNA in cortex and hippocampus of rats were extracted. The levels of NAP-1 mRNA in these samples were estimated by RT-PCR. Results For mice, the expression of NAP-1 were decreased after MPTP treatment in substantia nigra, while its expression showed no significant change in striatum. In contrast, no effect on NAP-1 gene expression by beta-amyloid injection can be detected in cortex and hippocampus of rats. Conclusions The apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in nigrostriatal pathway after MPTP treatment may be related to the expression of NAP-1 gene. But the mechanism of neurodegeneration after beta-amyloid injection in rats may be different.

AIM: To obtain differentially expressed cDNA fragments in the cerebellum of rats and screen unknown expressed sequence tag (EST). METHODS: Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was carried out, in which the cDNA fragments of cerebellum were taken as "tester" and correspondingly that of cerebrum and brain stem as "driver". The homogeneous sequences between the tester and driver were excluded and the rare sequences in cerebellum were enriched by SSH. The differentially expressed cDNA fragments were further cloned for the construction of subtracted cDNA libraries and sequencing. RESULTS: 32 clones were selected and 34 cDNA fragments were sequenced. 8 of 32 were proved to be true positive with reverse Northern assay, 13 of 34 fragments were identified to be new cDNA fragment and given the gene sequence numbers by GenBank (AW288461-AW288474). CONCLUSION: SSH is very useful method for screening differentially expressed genes. Our data may be helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of brain function.

AIM: To investigated the effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on the expression of kinesin superfamily (KIF) genes in striatum and substantia nigra in C57BL mice. METHODS: The Parkinson's disease model was established by consecutive administration of MPTP to C57BL mice. The levels of mRNA for five kinesin superfamily genes, KIF1A, KIF2, KIF3A, KIF4, and KIF5A, in striatum and substantia nigra of mice, were estimated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: In substantia nigra, the expression of KIF genes were decreased after MPTP treatment except KIF2 that showed no significant change. However, the expression of KIF1A, KIF3A and KIF4 were increased in striatum after MPTP treatment, while the expression of KIF2 and KIF5A were similar to that in substantia nigra. CONCLUSION: The lose of dopaminergic neurons in nigrostriatal pathway after MPTP treatment may be related to the expression of KIF genes. [

Objective To screen the differentially expressed genes in optic tecta of pigeon with monooccular deprivation. Methods Using suppression subtractive hybridization technique,the differentially expressed cDNA library for the left optic tecta of pigeons was constructed;recombinant clones were sequenced randomly and further proved to be the true positive by reverse Northern blot analysis. Results 150 of EST (expressed sequence tags) were sequenced and 16 of them proved true positive,which included those homologous to known genes and those having no matches.138 of ESTs were assigned Accession Number by Genbank.Conclusion\ Our data provided to be the useful clues for studying the development of visual system and the molecular construction of vision center system.

AIM: To investigate the effect of amyloid ? on the expres sion of kines in superfamily(KIF) genes in hippocampus of SD rats. METHODS: Th e model of Alzheimer's disease was established by injection of amyloid ? to bra in ventricle of rats. The learning impairment was verified by water maze test. The levels of mR NA for five kinesin superfamily genes, KIF1A, KIF2, KIF3A, KIF4, and KIF5A, in h ippocampus of rats, were estimated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Two weeks after amyloid ? injection, the rats showed significant learning impairments. I n happocampus, the expression of KIF genes increased after amyloid ? injection. CONCLUSION: The increase in KIF gene expression may reflect th e excitotoxity of amyloid ? to neurons.