This review focus on the perspective of genetic engineering technology in biopharmaceutical field.Four general aspects of genetic engineering are further discussed in this review as following: the separation of macromolecules,PCR,gene chip,and the expression of foreign genes.The large-scale or industrialization of genetic engineering technology in biopharmaceutics is also reviewed.

Rehabilitation and related professions have grown rapidly in China during this decade. Quality of life becomes a top priority after acute care service has been delivered. Communication is a unique and essential skill of humans and is one of the main factors influencing quality of life. People share their ideas with each other and advocate for their rights by communicating. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the general concepts of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). The paper includes a brief explanation of AAC, types of AAC, targeted populations benefitted by AAC, principles of a language-based service delivery, and a discussion of interdisciplinary team member roles.>Rehabilitation and related professions have grown rapidly in China during this decade. Quality of life becomes a top priority >after acute care service has been delivered. Communication is a unique and essential skill of humans and is one of the main factors influencing >quality of life. People share their ideas with each other and advocate for their rights by communicating. The purpose of this paper is to introduce>the general concepts of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). The paper includes a brief explanation of AAC, types>of AAC, targeted populations benefitted by AAC, principles of a language-based service delivery, and a discussion of interdisciplinary team>member roles

An augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) assessment is a complex, multidisciplinary process. Historic AAC assessment models have focused on treatment providing for basic communication needs more than on consideration of optimizing communication and maximizing an individual's potential. This paper presents an AAC assessment model based on the goal of interactive communication and a comprehensive evaluation of cognitive, linguistic, sensory and motor abilities that is evidence-based. We describe each component and assessment step within an evidence-based framework. The purpose is to offer a systematic, principled approach to selecting AAC assessment procedures in rehabilitation, speech language pathology and other related fields in order to strengthen their confidence in providing best possible services to clients who require AAC.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomal arms 13q and 14q in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using 21 microsatellite polymorphic markers and to study whether there is a correlation between LOH and clinicopathologic parameters and/or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in NPC.

METHODSSixty cases of NPC were studied using polymerase chain reaction based microsatellite analysis with genescan and genotyping techniques.

RESULTSLOH was detected on 13q in 78% of NPC tumors, high frequency LOH loci (more than 30%) clustered to 13q12.3-q14.3 and 13q32. On chromosome 14q, LOH was detected in 80% of NPC tumors; high frequency LOH loci clustered to 14q11-q13, 14q21-q24 and 14q32. High frequency LOH at 13q31-q32 correlated with a lower level of EBV infection; LOH on chromosome 14q was closely associated with poor differentiation of NPC tumor cells.

CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that in NPC, LOH on chromosome 13q and 14q are common genetic events, and putative tumor suppressor genes (TSG) residing in these regions may be involved in tumorigenesis.

Adult ; Aged ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Statistics as Topic