In order to promote teaching,this paper analyses the current situation of the teaching and discusses its teaching purpose,contents and methods on reproductive health care.

OBJECTIVE:To extract and separate the water-soluble chemical constitutions from Radix Isatidis.METH ODS:The Radix Isatidis water extract underwent adsorption by D 101 macroporous resin,the portion eluted by ethanol of different concentrations was isolated and purified on silica gel column repeatedly,the physicochemical constants and the spectra data of the compound obtained were determined and its chemical constitutions were identified.RESULTS:3compounds temporarily separated from Radix Isatidis water extract,were identified as:syringin(Ⅰ),indole—3—acetonitrile—6—O—?—D—glucopyranoside(Ⅱ)and(+)—isolariciresinol(Ⅲ),respectively.CONCLUSION:For the first time,compound(Ⅰ)and compound(Ⅱ)were isolated from Radix Isatidis.

OBJECTIVE:To isolate the chemical constituents from Radix isatidis.METHODS:The 95% ethanol extract of Radix Isatidis underwent adsorption by silica gel,and the portion eluted by different solvents was isolated and purified on silica gel column repeatedly.The physico-chemical constants and spectral data of the obtained compounds were determined and their chemical structure was identified.RESULTS:6 compounds were separated from chloroform and n-Butanol parts of Radix Isatidis and identified as:cholesterol(Ⅰ),indigotin(Ⅱ),indirubin(Ⅲ),p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde(Ⅳ),salicylic acid(Ⅴ),lariciresinol-4,4'-2-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅵ),respectively.CONCLUSION:For the first time,compound(Ⅰ)and compound(Ⅳ)were isolated from Radix Isatidis,this finding serves as reference.

In all the carpal fractures, scaphoid fracture is the most common in clinic (from 60% to 70% in proportion) and likely leads to nonunion. If nonunion is not treated in time, it probably causes instability of the scaphoid lunate joint, further leading to scapholunate advanced collapse. Its comprehensive manifestations include degenerative arthropathy of radial styloid process, radial scaphoid joint, capitulolunate joint and even total wrist joint, eventually leading to wrist joint dysfunction. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to treatments of scaphoid fracture nonunion. Bone grafting is the most common practical treatment, but new surgical procedures have emerged in recent years. This article thus reviews the research advances in bone grafting for scaphoid fracture nonunion, commenting on the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques.

OBJECTIVE:To study the activity of 10 chemical parts extracted from Isatis indigotica against herpes simplex virus(HSV)in vitro and to determine the antiviral active parts.METHODS:10 crude fractions and refined portions were extracted from Isatis indigotica using solvent isolation and absorption chromatography.Their inhibitory effects against HSV-Ⅰ and HSV-Ⅱ were determined by MTT using virus inhibition ratio and therapeutic index(TI)as appraisal targets to compare the antiviral effects among all the chemical parts.RESULTS:The parts(Ⅷ,Ⅹ)with EtOH(10% and 50% in concentration)elution via macroporous resin absorption showed the most potent activities,whose inhibitory rates against HSV-Ⅰ were 53.21% and 56.28% respectively,similar the action of its positive control acyclovir(62.55%),and their TI were 4.61 and 18.62 respectively.CONCLUSION:There were significant differences in the antiviral activity among all the chemical parts extracted from Isatis indigotica,

Objective To explore the relationship between myocardial glucose metabolism in the right heart and cardiac function in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM).Methods From October 2010 to May 2013,64 consecutive patients (45 males,19 females; mean age:(53 ± 12) years) with IDCM were enrolled in this study.All patients underwent 18F-FDG myocardial PET imaging,late-gadolinium enhancement cardiac MRI (cMRI-LGE) and UCG.TrueD software was used to determine the SUVmax in right (SUV-R) and left (SUV-L) ventricular free wall,and the ratio of SUV-R to SUV-L (SUV-R/L) was calculated.The cMRI-LGE was used to evaluate LVEF,RVEF and LGE in left heart.Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was measured by UCG.Two-sample t test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.Results Both SUV-R and SUV-R/L had negative correlation with LVEF (r=-0.48,-0.33; both P＜0.01) and also with RVEF (r=-0.45,-0.44; both P＜0.01).SUV-R/L positively correlated with PASP (r =0.58,P＜0.01).SUV-R/L of patients with and without LGE were statistically different (0.45±0.18 vs 0.36±0.12; t=2.50,P＜0.05).SUV-R and SUV-L of patients with LGE were 2.0±0.9 and 4.7±1.6,and those of patients without LGE were 1.7±0.9 and 5.0±2.8.Both differences of SUV-R and SUV-L between the two groups were not statistically significant (t=0.54 and 0.63,both P＞0.05).Conclusions Myocardial glucose metabolism in right heart is closely correlated with left and right ventricular function.The assessment of 18F-FDG uptake in right heart by PET imaging is potentially useful for evaluation of the severity and prognosis in IDCM patients.

Objective:To observe the effects of Etifoxine on proliferation and migration of RSC96 (Schwann cells of rat) and its potential molecular mechanisms.Methods:From March, 2020 to October, 2020, cultured RSC96 were treated with 20 μmol/L Etifoxine and saline respectively for 48 h. Cell proliferation was tested by EdU assay using Cell-Light EdU DNA Cell Proliferation Kit and the capability of migration was determined by wound healing assay and a transwell system. To investigate the effects of Etifoxine on CELSR2 protein expression, after treated with different concentrations of Etifoxine at 0-20 μmol/L for 48 hours, cells were subject to Western blot analysis to verify the expression of CELSR2 protein. To explore whether CELSR2 would be a potential target of Etifoxine, siRNA targeting CELSR2 and control siRNA groups were transfected into 20 μmol/L Etifoxine-treated RSC96 using Lipo3000. Again, the cell proliferation and migration of were investigated after 48 hours with the same procedures. The two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test was employed in statistical assessment.Results:EdU results showed a significant higher percentage of Edu-positive (proliferating) cells in the 20 μmol/L Etifoxine-treated group than the control group[(36.30±3.09)% vs (19.40±2.50)%, P<0.05]. Transwell migration assay demonstrated that the number of 20 μmol/L Etifoxine-treated RSC96 which migrated through the transwell membrane was higher than saline group, with significant statistical difference [(132.30±6.77) vs(65.33±7.37), P<0.05]. The percentage of reduction of wound area measured at 24 hours and 36 hours after the scratch also showed the similar results [(30.67±2.16)% vs (23.00±2.61)%; (86.00±2.19)% vs (49.67±2.81)%, respectively, P<0.05]. Besides, with increase of the concentration of etifoxine, the expression of CELSR2 showed an trend of increase in RSC96 ( P<0.05), but no significant statistical difference was found between 10 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L groups ( P>0.05). Interestingly, the rate of cell proliferation, the number of migrating cells and the percentage of wound area reduction of RSC96 in which were treated by Etifoxine and transfected with CELSR2 siRNA were significantly decreased compared with the control siRNA treatment ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Etifoxine could promote proliferation and migration of RSC96. Upregulation of CELSR2 protein expression in RSC96 is associated with the Etifoxine-induced enhancement of cell proliferation and migration.

The diagnosis and treatment characteristics of head-wind sha in She medicine were analyzed and summarized. By visiting She-nationality villages and towns in Zhejiang province and Fujian province and interviewing hundreds of doctors of She medicine, the sha diagnosis, sha differentiation, experience and theory of treatment were arranged, and a comprehensive summary on theory and application of head-wind sha in She medicine such as pathogeny, name of disease, mechanism, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment was made. It is believed that the methods of diagnosis and treatment in She medicine for head-wind sha could effectively enhance curative effect, safety and patients' quality of life, and the further research should be carried out.
Acupuncture Therapy ; China ; ethnology ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Headache Disorders ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; ethnology ; therapy ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo investigated the chemical structures and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Isatidis Radix.

METHODPolysaccharides were extracted and purified by column chromatograph and their chemical structures were identified by UV, IR, NMR, periodic acid oxadation and Smith degradation method and their stimulation effects to macrophage were evaluated by using MTT method.

RESULTFive polysaccharides, polysaccharide A , B, C, D and E were gotten and their molecular weights were 2 000, 1 757.1, 1 34 2.7, 955.6, 11.7 kDa, respectively. Polysaccharide A was composed of arabinose, polysaccharide E was composed of arabinose and galactose, polysaccharides B, C, D were composed of glucose and 1 --> 2, 1 --> 3, 1 --> 4, 1 --> 6 linkages existed in polysaccharides A-E, of A, B, C, D, E were alpha-configurations. Polysaccharides B, C and D showed better bioactivity than polysaccharides A and E with stimulation index (SI) of 5.31, 4.76, 5.17.

CONCLUSIONFive polysaccharides are seperated firstly from Isatidis Radix.

Due to good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, tissue engineering scaffolds have become the vital method for repairing and regenerating articular cartilage defects. With the continuous development of tissue engineering technology, many scaffolds preparation and formation methods have been developed and tested in the past decade, however, the preparation of ideal regenerative scaffolds remain controversial. As load-bearing tissue inside the body joints, the matrix structure and cell composition of articular cartilage are hierarchical, and there are several smooth natural gradients from the cartilage surface to the subchondral bone layer, including cell phenotype and number, specific growth factors, matrix composition, fiber arrangement, mechanical properties, nutrient and oxygen consumption. Therefore, in the design of regenerative scaffolds, it is necessary to achieve these gradients to regenerate articular cartilage in situ. In recent studies, many new biomimetic gradient scaffolds have been used to simulate the natural gradient of articular cartilage. These scaffolds show different mechanical, physicochemical or biological gradients in the structure, and have achieved good repair effects. The related articles on tissue engineering for the treatment of articular cartilage defects were retrieved by searching databases with key wordsarticular cartilage injury, cartilage repair and gradient scaffolds. In this work,the structural, biochemical, biomechanical and nutrient metabolism gradients of natural articular cartilage were studied and summarized firstly. Then, the latest design and construction of articular cartilage gradient scaffolds were classified. Besides that, the material composition (such as hydrogels, nanomaterials, etc.) and the preparation process (such as electrospinning, 3D printing, etc.) of grandient scaffolds were further enhanced. Finally, the prospect and challenge of biomimetic gradient scaffolds in cartilage engineering are discussed, which provides a theoretical basis for the successful application of gradient scaffolds in clinical transformation.