Compound composition of several natural products including plants,animals,and minerals.In the different needs of Chinese medicine research and application,different extraction and separation methods have been chosen,however,these technologies lacked of scientific and reasonable evaluation criteria because most of these technologies stem from other disciplines,which is the main reason for limited application of the method in Chinese medicine.So the key scientific issue is to establish the quality evaluation system of extraction and separation technology in line with the modern medicine.This article aims to establish the scientific principles of evaluation system for extraction and isolation of Chinese herbal compound.

Objective:To calculate the health efficiency of government health expenditures in 1990 , 2000 and 2010 and analyze its determinants. Methods:To calculate the health efficiency of government health expenditures and analyze its determinants by using the DEA-Tobit model. Results:Health efficiency of government health expenditures has been increasing gradually;the same provinces are found to be on the productive frontier, but the provinces off the frontier are different;eastern provinces have a higher efficiency than those in the middle and western regions. Fiscal decentralization has a significant negative impact on health efficiency. Conclusion:The current Chinese fiscal decen-tralization system reform is important to improve the health efficiency of government health expenditures.

Objective To explore the changes of bone metabolic markers during early stage of preterm infants, as well as the relationship with their nutrition status. Methods Preterm infants with gestational age 30-35 weeks admitted to our Hospital were collected from November 2012 to April 2013. Venous blood samples obtained within 24 hours after birth and between 8:00-9:00 AM two weeks after birth were used to determine the Serum β-CTx, osteocalcin ( OC) and propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) levels by Electro-Chemiluminescence. Analysis of changes of these bone metabolic markers and their relationship with early stage nutrition related indicators were also performed. Results A total of 60 premature infants were collected. There was no significant correlation among serum β-CTx, OC and PINP within 24 hours after birth ( r=0. 170, P＞0. 05 ) . The Serum β-CTx within 24 hours after birth was negatively correlated with gestational age (r= -0. 603, P＜0. 05), whereas the serum OC within 24 hours after birth was positively correlated with gestational age ( r=0. 581, P＜0. 05 ) . However, PINP wasn′t correlated with gestational age significantly (r=0. 134,P＞0. 05). Serumβ-CTx, OC and PINP at 2 weeks after birth increased significantly from the baseline level detected within 24 hours after birth ( P＜0. 05 ) .Δβ-CTx was positively correlated with ΔOC (r=0. 600,P＜0. 05). There was no significant correlation between ΔPINP and Δβ-CTx (r=0. 045,P＞0. 05), as well as ΔOC and ΔPINP (r=0. 110,P＞0. 05).ΔOC was positively correlated with average daily calorie ( P＜0. 05 ) and average daily P/E ( P＜0. 05 ) , negatively correlated with cumulative loss of caloric ( P＜0. 05 ) . There was no significant correlation between Δβ-CTx or ΔPINP with nutrition related indicators of this study. Conclusions Serum OC within 24 hours after birth of preterm infants and their gestational age are positively correlated, while β-CTx detected at the same time and gestational age are negatively correlated. Vigorous metabolism of premature bone occurs during the first two weeks after birth, as the serum β-CTx, OC and PINP levels increased significantly. We suggest that reasonable calorie intake and appropriate protein calorie ratio at early stage after birth is very important for the development of bone of preterm infants.

Objective To explore the efficacy of two treatment methods for thoracic tuberculosis.Methods According to the different surgical methods,61 patients with thoracic tuberculosis were randomly divided into A group (31 cases) and B group (30 cases).A group was treated with simple thoracic tuberculosis soft tissue lesions removed,and B group was treated with focus removal + rib resection + muscle flap packing.The operation time,pain time,extubation time,hospital stay,wound fluid,cure rate and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups.Results The operation time,pain time,hospital stay time of A group were shorter than those of B group [(35.0 ± 11.0)minvs.(50.0 ±9.5)min,(1.8±1.3)d vs.(4.2 ±2.4)d,(12.5 ±3.4)d vs.(18.8 ±5.7)d],the differences were statistically significant (t =6.257,4.275,5.334,all P ＜ 0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the extubation time,wound effusion,cure rate and recurrence rate between the two groups [(5.8 ± 3.1) d vs.(5.5 ± 2.8) d,2 cases vs.1 case,100.0％ vs.100.0％,6.4％ vs.3.3％,t =8.691,x2 =9.867,13.674,15.871,all P ＞ 0.05].Conclusion Analysis of the specific situation should be individualized on the chest wall tuberculosis,in the case of rib destruction,the focus should be removed + rib resection + muscle flap packing,if there is no rib destruction,simple chest wall tuberculosis soft tissue lesions removal is more safe,because it is less traumatic for patients.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical efficacy of 131I in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.METHODS:131I therapy for 784 cases of hyperthyroidism was analyzed retrospectively.The dose of 131I(?Ci) was calculated with formula:?Ci=the weight of thyroid(g)?80-120(?Ci?g-1)/the highest absorbed iodine rate(%).Clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the results.RESULTS:394 cases were relieved completely after once therapy,523 cases after twice therapies and 547 cases after three times of therapies.577 patients were visited at random and 94.80% of them were cured.Early-stage toxic reaction had been found in 46 cases with incidence of 7.97%.Hyperthyroidism crisis had not been developed.Temporary hypothyroidism had been found in 68 cases with incidence of 11.79%,while permanent hypothyroidism had been found in 146 cases with incidence of 25.30%.CONCLUSION:131I has an obvious effect on hyperthyroidism with one disadvantage of high incidence of hyperthyroidism.However,131I is an effective therapy which is safe,economical,simple and convenient.

AIM: To investigate the effect of injection stauntoniae ( IS) on inflammatory pain responses in mice.METHODS:The carrageenan test was used to determine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of IS .Except for control group, the mice in other groups received an injection of λ-carrageenan solution (1%, 50 μL) into the plantar region of the left hind paws , followed by a subcutaneous injection of IS at doses of 12.5%, 50%and 100%or equal vol-ume of 0.9%NaCl.Both paw edema and hyperalgesia to thermal stimulation were measured 4 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the injection of λ-carrageenan solution.The lumbar-5 (L5) dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) of the mice were taken to inves-tigate the cyclooxygenase 2 ( COX-2) expression by immunohistochemical staining .RESULTS:Subcutaneous injection of IS potently inhibited paw edema and hyperalgesia induced by λ-carrageenan in the mice accompanied with the inhibition of COX-2 protein expression in L 5 DRGs.CONCLUSION:IS exerts the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on the in-flammatory responses by inhibiting the protein expression of COX-2 in DRGs.

ObjectiveTo explore the expression of CD3+ CD8+ human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2+T lymphocytes with specificity to the different hepatitis B virus (HBV) peptides in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)from the patients with hepatitis B associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsThe HLA-A2+ PBMC from four patients with hepatitis B associated HCC were incubated with five HBV/HLA-A2 pentamers respectively,which were HBV sAg (FLLTRILTI),HBV sAg (GLSPTVWLSV),HBV sAg (WLSLLVPFV),HBV core (FLPSDFFPSV),and HBV pol (FLLSLGIHL),as well as anti-CD3-pacific blue and anti-CD8-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC).Then,HBV/HLA-A2-CD3-CD8 positive cells were detected by flow cytometry. The monoclonal HBV/HLA-A2-CD3-CD8+ cells were acquired by fluorescenceactivated cell sorter,and cultured and identified by flow cytometry.The anti-HBV specific T lymphocytes were then cultured with HepG2 (HLA-A2+ ) cells and the release of interferon γ (IFN-γ)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),Res(a)ltsThe percentage of antiHBV T lymphoeytes with specificity to GLSPTVWLSV in total CD8+ T lymphoeytes from four patients with hepatitis B associated HCC was 1.44％±0.04％,which was higher than those to other four HBV antigen peptides (0.68％±0.08％ of FLLTRILTI,1.06％±0.09％ of FLPSDFFPSV,0.56％ ±0.04％ of FLLSLGIHL,and 0.46％ ±0.08％ of WLSLLVPFV) (t=0.001,P＜0.05).The two lines of monoclonal cell with specificity to GLSPTVWLSV both exhibited high level of IFN-γ expression after incubated with hepatic carcinoma cell line HepG2 (HLA-A2+)with HBV GLSPTVWLSV peptide.ConclusionsCD3+ CD8+ HLA-A2+ cells with specificity to the different HBV peptides exist in PBMC of patients with hepatitis B associated HCC.The expression level depends on HBV antigen peptide sequences and genomic sites.

Wheat peroxidases 1 (WP1) is the major cationic peroxidase of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain, which is involved in the development of seeds and an important factor to affect the final processing quality of flour. We constructed a prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-WP1, and transformed it into E. coli host strain T7 Expression. His-tag fused WP1 existed as inclusion body, and the recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA resin affinity chromatography under denatured condition. The purity of target protein reached 98%. The recombinant WP1 was refolded by gradient urea dialysis, then used as antigen to immune rabbit to prepare polyclonal antibody. The result of ELISA showed that the titer of rabbit anti-WP1 antiserum was higher than 1:625 000. The result of Western blotting demonstrated that the prepared WP1 polyclonal antibody could be used to detect WP1 with high specificity.
Animals ; Antibodies ; immunology ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Peroxidases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology

Tei-Index is a useful echocardiographic parameter for evaluating global cardiac function. Conventionally, a value and b value, which the calculation of Tei index is based on, are measured in different cardiac cycle. Therefore, accuracy of Tei index is damaged by cycle dependent variation, especially in patients with arrhythmia. The newly established Dual Doppler modality allows a synchronous measurement of both a value and b value. This study was aimed to explore the value of Tei index measured by Dual Doppler in cardiac function estimation in patients with hypertension. One hundred and forty patients with hypertension were recuited and divided into three groups according to cardiac function. The a value and b value were generated from the transmitral and transaortic flow spectrum of the same cardiac cyle by Dual Doppler modality. The results showed that Tei index was significantly higher in the cardiac dysfunction group than in the control group. There was a high correlation between Tei index and NYHA cardiac performance. Tei index measured by Dual Doppler modality is a highly reproducible parameter with high sensitivity and specificity for cardiac function estimation, even for patients with arrthymia.
Adult ; Aged ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; diagnosis ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Ventricular Function ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the relationship among Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),CD4 positive cells and CD8 positive cells in gastric mucosa of the AIDS patients with gastritis.Methods Fiftyeight AIDS patients with upper abdominal pain were diagnosed with chronic gastritis through gastroscopy.The gastric biopsies from them were used for H.pylori detection with rapid urease test and Giemsa staining,pathology examination with HE staining,and immunohistochemistry analysis for CD4,CD8 positive cells in Gastric mucosa.And the application of flow cytometry was for the detection of peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes from the patients.Results H.pylori was positive in 26 cases,and negative was in 32 cases.CD8 cell expression in gastric mucosa of the AIDS patients with H.pylori positive was significantly higher than H.pylori negative patients(P＜0.05).There is no difference CD4 cell expression in gastric mucosa between the AIDS patients with H.pylori positive and H.pylori negative patients.Moreover,CD8 positive lymphocytes in gastric mucosa of those patients with H.pyloriinfection were significantly stronger than the CD4 positive lymphocytes.However,the peripheral blood CD4 lymphocytes from the patients with H.pylori infection were more than those from H.pylorinegative patients significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression level of CD8 cells in gastric mucosal tissues of AIDS patients with H.pylori infection were higher than those without H.pylori infection.The CD4 lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of the patients with H.pylori infection were more than those without H.pylori negative patients.