Objective To investigate the process of best extraction for Bujing Yishen Granules.Methods The orthogonal test was employed for selecting the best extraction process,with the extraction rate of Icariin as criteria.The levels of water amount,extracting time and times were studied.Result The super extraction process was adding 10 times amount of water and 1.5 hours for the first time,then adding 8 times and 1.5 hours for the second time.Conclusion The method is stable,reasonable and feasible.

According to two theories,which are "traditional Chinese medicine researching is in the face of a complex opening gigantic system" and "Chinese materia medica compound(CMMC) is the natural combinatorial chemical libraries",the study on active fractions of CMMC has been facing to a complex system with a large number of data that is non-linear,multi-variable,and varieties related to each other.The thinking and method of "combinatorial screening" has been put forward based on these two theories,that is the principle "using the diverse structures of molecules to simulate the diverse organism" used in combinatorial chemistry and the data mining technique was taken into the study on complex system of CMMC.In order to create combinatorial libraries,the two methods were used to obtain the fractions of CMMC.Re-combination group of the CMMC was used,and various industrial separation techniques, such as resin,membrane,were used to replace the diversity of chemosynthesis routes to create "Building Block".Through data mining and knowledge discovery, the intrinsic correlation of CMMC "multi-components and multi-targets" between the chemical composition and the mechanism was carried out.The new technologies which aim at high-throughput screening of CMMC were explored,in order to provide the evidence for setting up an idea with "optimal separation" and optimization design about application system of refining technology.

Objective To investigate the effect of different transdermal enhancers on percutaneous absorption of ephedrine in Compound Herba Ephedrae Adhesive Plaster.Methods Using modified Franz diffusion cell,the ephedrine content was determined to investigate the effect of different transdermal enhancers in promoting percutaneous absorption.Results Azone or azone used together with other transderml enhancers had a better effect in promoting percutaneous absorption,indicating that azone was the leading transderml enhancers for ephedrine.The mixed transdermal enhancer of azone and propylene glycol was the most effective combination and the rate constant of percutaneous absorption is 94.280 ?g?cm-2?h-1.Conclusion The mixture of azone and propylene glycol can enthance the percutaneous absorption of ephedrine and can be used as the transdermal enhancers for this compound plaster.

Objective To establish the quality control standard of Pinellia Heart-Sedating Granules. Methods TLC methods for identifition of Radix Pinellia and Radix Scutellariae were established. A simple HPLC was established for the determination of Berberine hydrochloride. Results The spots on TLC plates were clear without interference in the blank reference. The liner range of Berberine hydrochloride was 0.009375～0.3 ?g,r =0.9 999. The average recovery of Berberine hydrochloride was 101.46% and RSD was 2.88%. Conclusion The method is simple, accruate, reproducible and can be used as the quality control method for Pinellia Heart-Sedating Granules.

Objective To establish the quality control method for Antenoron filiforme. Methods Antenoron filiforme was identified by TLC,and the content of gallic acid was determined by HPLC. The chromatographic conditions were as follows:Aichrom Reliasil C18 column (4. 6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was used with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrle-0. 1% phosphoric acid(4∶96),the flow rate was 1. 0 mL·min-1 ,and the detection wavelength was 270 nm. Results TLC identification for An-tenoron filiforme was highly specific. Gallic acid content had a good linearity in the range of 0. 08-0. 56μg (r=1. 000 0). The av-erage recovery was 101. 12% and RSD was 2. 20% (n=6). Conclusion The method is simple, feasible,and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control of Antenoron filiforme.

Transformation and quality improvement of clinical pharmacy is key to assuring quality of care for public hospital reform.The clinical pharmacist working model has been established after years of exploration in China,which plays a positive role in promoting such quality and optimizing the allocation of medical resources.However,with the advance of the health care reform,the original working model and methods of clinical pharmacists need to be further improved to meet emerging demands.This paper puts forward a new model of clinical pharmacist development based on the concept of hospital total quality management,which involves the clinical pharmacists′ duty,the work model from the “Pay a visit to bedside”to “Stay by bedside”in clinic,professional development training and performance evaluation.The reform provides a feasible way for the transformation and development of clinical pharmacists in public hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and surgical management of tympanosclerosis. METHOD: The data of 73 patients who underwent surgery for tympanosclerosis were retrospectively analyzed with respects to the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and management. RESULT: Seventy-three patients with tympanosclerosis (involving 73 ears) , including 17 patients with sclerosis of tympanic membrane (type I), 23 patients with fixed Malleus-incus complex (type II), 8 (type III) with fixed stapes, and 25 (type IV) with extensive typannosclerosis. Sclerosis was seen most frequently in the malleus, incus and attic, followed by the tympanic membrane, incudomalleolar joint and other regions. Audiometry was performed for all the patients 1 weeks before and 1 year( the least) after operation, which were (51.70 ± 14.93)dB HL and (36.24 ± 11.58) dB HL respectively, with success rate 83% (61/73). CONCLUSION Most of the patients suffer from conductive hearing loss. Teatment of the sclerosis around stapes is a key point. Acording to the sites of lesion and hearing level, hearing structures should be reconstructed by the rules of tympanoplasty and stapes surgery.
Audiometry ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss, Conductive ; complications ; Humans ; Incus ; pathology ; Malleus ; pathology ; Myringosclerosis ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Stapes ; pathology ; Stapes Surgery ; Tympanic Membrane ; pathology ; Tympanoplasty

Objective To screen the efficient antigenic epitopes in genus-specific envelope proteins OmpL1 and LipL21 of Leptospira interrogans for further development of multiple antigenic peptide (MAP)vaccine.Methods Based on bioinformatic technique,the combined epitopes of T and B lymphcytes in OmpL1 and LipL21 molecules were screened.Nucleotide fragments of each epitopes were amplified by PCR and then constructed their phage display systems.Using antisera against rOmpL1,rLipL21,L.interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae strain Lai and leptospirosis patients' sera as the first antibodies.respectively,Western blot assays were performed to determine the immunoreaetivity and reactive ability of the epitopes with different antisera.Resuits Four combined epitopes of OmpL1 and two combined epitopes of LipL21 were selected out by the predicting procedure.All the amplified epitope fragments were accurately inserted into the region at N end of phage PⅢ protein and successfully expressed.All of the antisera could recognize each of the epitopes.Based on the results of Western blot,the two LipL21 epitopes at 97-112 and 176-184 showed similar strong hybridization signals with any of the antisera,and the hybridization signals of four OmpL1 epitopes with the three antisera were 173-191,87-98,297-320 and 59-78,from strong to weak.Conclusion The six combined epitopes in this study are efficiently antigenic.And the epitopes at positions 97-112 and 176-184 in LipL21 as well as the epitopes at position 87-98 and 173-191 in OmpL1 have a potential for developing leptospiral MAP vaccine.