No abstract available.
Elasticity Imaging Techniques* ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Human ; Kupffer Cells/*ultrasonography ; Liver Diseases/*pathology

No abstract available.
Chronic Disease ; Human ; Liver/pathology/*ultrasonography ; Liver Diseases/*pathology

Chronic liver disease is a major disorder worldwide. A better understanding of anatomy, blood flow, and pathophysiology may be a key issue for their proper management. Ultrasound (US) is a simple and non-invasive diagnostic tool in the abdominal field. Doppler mode offers real-time hemodynamic evaluation, and the contrast-enhanced US is one of the most frequently used modalities for the detailed assessment. Further development in digital technology enables three-dimensional (3D) visualization of target images with high resolution. This article reviews the wide ranges of application in the abdominal US and describes the recent progress in the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases.
Diagnosis ; Fibrosis ; Hemodynamics ; Hypertension, Portal ; Liver Diseases ; Liver ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Animals ; Chronic Disease ; Endothelium, Vascular/*ultrasonography ; Human ; Liver/*blood supply ; Liver Diseases/*pathology ; Microcirculation/ultrasonography ; Rats

Adrenal cysts are a rare disease, and its prevalence is reported to be 0.06~0.18%. Its frequency of being recognized is increasing due to the widespread use of ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) scans. We report here on a case of adrenal cyst that was mistaken as biliary cystadenoma prio-ocation and features. Laparoscopic exploration was performed via the transabdominal approach and this revealed a right adrenal cystic mass in the retroperitoneum beneath the liver (segment IV). We present here a case of adrenal cyst with endothelial lining along with a review of the literature to address the clinical presentation, histology, imaging features and differential diagnosis of this interesting and rare entity.
Cystadenoma* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Laparoscopy ; Liver ; Prevalence ; Rare Diseases ; Ultrasonography

Fibrolamellar hepatocelluar carcinoma is a distinct clinicopathologic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma. We describe here the sonographic and CT findings of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma in a 17-year-old patient that mimicked hepatic malignant lymphoma due to the multiple small hypoattenuating nodules and extensive lymphadenopathy that we observed. We also include a review of the relevant literatures.
Adolescent ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma* ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the radiologic features and clinical utility of ultrasonography and mammography in cases of gynecomastia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved 40 men inwhom gynecomastia had been pathologically diagnosed by surgical incision. In 21 cases, a retrospective analysis of ultrasonographic and mammographic findings was performed. RESULTS: Causative factors of gynecomastia among the 40 pathologically-proven cases were idiopathic or pubertal in 33 cases, related to male hormone deficiency in three cases and to chronic liver disease in four. Bilateral involvement was seen in 14 cases, and unilateral involvementin 26 ; among unilateral cases, right side was involved in 10 cases, and the left side in 16. Mammographically, asubareolar discoid lesion was present in 12 cases, diffuse increased breast density was seen in five cases and dendritic marginated subareolar lesion without microcalcification in one. Ultrasonographically, a round smooth marginated low echogenic lesion in the subareolar region was seen in five cases, a diffuse hyperechogenic pattern without definite mass in two cases and an ill defined low echogenic lesion in one. CONCLUSION: The male breast is small, so in cases of gynecomastia, ultrasonography is an effective diagnostic modality. Mamography will, however, be helpful in the detection of microcalcification in cases of gynecomastia seen on sonography.
Breast ; Gynecomastia* ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Male ; Mammography ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Ultrasonography

Accurate assessment of the degree of liver fibrosis is important for estimating prognosis and deciding on an appropriate course of treatment for cases of chronic liver disease (CLD) with various etiologies. Because of the inherent limitations of liver biopsy, there is a great need for non-invasive and reliable tests that accurately estimate the degree of liver fibrosis. Ultrasound (US) elastography is considered a non-invasive, convenient, and precise technique to grade the degree of liver fibrosis by measuring liver stiffness. There are several commercial types of US elastography currently in use, namely, transient elastography, acoustic radiation force impulse imaging, supersonic shear-wave imaging, and real-time tissue elastography. Although the low reproducibility of measurements derived from operator-dependent performance remains a significant limitation of US elastography, this technique is nevertheless useful for diagnosing hepatic fibrosis in patients with CLD. Likewise, US elastography may also be used as a convenient surveillance method that can be performed by physicians at the patients' bedside to enable the estimation of the prognosis of patients with fatal complications related to CLD in a non-invasive manner.
Biopsy ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques* ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Diseases* ; Prognosis ; Ultrasonography*