AIM: To investigate whether transdermal scopolamine increased cardiac vagal activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: A random, double blind, and placebo contrast trial was performed. Measures of heart rate variability (HRV) in patients given drugs or placebo were obtained by electrocardiograph and digital 24 h Holter recording before and after treatment. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was performed using the phenylephrine method. RESULTS: Patients of acute myocardial infarction with transdermal scopolamine showed a significant increase in HRV time domain parameters and BRS after treatment (P

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect and mechanism of cilostazol in experimental anti-bradyarrhythmia.MET-HODS:Bradyarrhythmia model of mice was induced using verapamil hydrochloride and nicotine,respectively.The electrocardiograms at different time and the heart rates of the model mice after intragastric administration of different dosages of cilostazol were recorded.The in vivo His' bundle electrogram(HBE)recordings in rabbits were obtained after intragastric administration of different dosage of cilostazol for detection of A-H interval and H-V interval,which were compared with control group(normal saline group).RESULTS:Verapamil hydrochloride and nicotine markedly slowed down the heart rates of mice,but cilostazol significantly sped up the heart rates in mice(P

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of electrophysiological examination for tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS).Methods Motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV),sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV),F wave and electromyographic measurements were carried out with 26 clinically suspected TTS patients.Results Of the 26,22 patients were unilaterally affected and 4 were bilaterally affected,so 30 tarsal tunnels in total were affected.All received electrophysiological examination.Of the 30 affected tarsal tunnels,abnormal MCV was detected in 28 of the posterior tibial nerves (93.3％),while abnormal SCV was detected in 27 medial plantar nerves (90％) and 24 lateral plantar nerves (80％).Needle electromyography of 156 targeted foot muscles detected abnormal spontaneous potentials in 90 of them (57.7％),giant potential in 12 muscles (7.7％) and decreased recruitment in 76 (48.7％).Conclusions The distal posterior tibial nerve is impaired in TTS,presenting axonal damage in an electrophysiological examination.Such examinations should have an important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of TTS.

50 ms (PNN 50 ) and the high frequency (HF) in patients with EH were decreased, While the ratio between low frequency and high frequency (LF/HF) were increased. After the treatment of irbesartan, the values of SDNN, RMSSD, PNN 50 , and HF were increased, and the LF/HF was decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Irbersartan can increase the lowed HRV in patients with EH, which improves the cardiovascular automatic function.

AIM: To synthesize biodegradable poly lactic acid (PLA) through the optimization and selection of process and catalyst.METHODS: This experiment was performed at the Research Center for Green Chemistry and Technology in the School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering of Harbin Institute of Technology from February 2003 to October 2004. Biodegradable poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) was synthesis by melt polycondensation using L-lactic acid (LA) as material. Firstly, oligo L-lactic acid (OLLA) was prepared by dehydrating aqueous solution of LA without catalyst. And then, the mixture of OLLA and catalyst was heated at a certain temperature and pressure for a period of time to get the product of PLLA. The structure of PLLA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and 1H- nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra. The polydispersity was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).RESULTS: OLLA with the viscosity average molecular weight (Mη) of 6 500 g/mol was prepared by the following steps: the solution of LA without catalyst was dehydrated at 140 ℃, first at reduced pressure of 30 kPa for 2 hours, and then at 5 kPa for 4 hours. SnCl2-p-toluenesulfonic acid (TSA) system was the effective catalyst for the polycondensation of OLLA. After the mixture of OLLA and catalysts polycondensed at 165 ℃ and 5 kPA for about 8 hours, PLLA with the Mη of 65 000 g/mol was obtained by using SnCl2-TSA system as catalyst with the SnCl2 amount of 0.4wt% to OLLA and equal mol ratio of SnCl2 and TSA.CONCLUSION:PLLA with a certain practicability was obtained under the optimal process and catalyst. Oligomerization of LA played an important role on improving the molecular weight of PLLA.

Objective To discuss methods treating complex distal radius fractures(types B and C fractures according to AO classification). Methods Seventy-eight patients(83 fracture parts)with complex distal tadius fractures were treated by surgical operation from June 2005 to June 2007.There were 51 males and 27 fenlalcs at an average age of 34.6 years.According to AO Classiiication.there were 12 typc B1 fractures,22 types B2 and B3,21 type C1,16 type C2 and 12 typc C3.The operation in-volved open reduction,external fixator,bone grafting for correcting the palm tilted angle and the ulna devi-ated angle. Results AIl patients were followed up for an average period of 10.5 months.After opera-tion the sinking or displacement of the articular surface was less than 2 mm.with average palm tilted an-gle of 10.6°and average ulna deviated angle of 20.3°.All fractures were healed.The ioint function was assessed by Gatrland and Werley score,which showed excellent result in 33 patients,good in 41.fair in 7 and poor in 2,with excellence rate of 89%. Conclusions Surgical operation is effective for treat-ment of complex distal radius fractures,for it can reduce the itaiured articular surface.correct the palm tilted angle and the ulna deviated angle and eliminate forearnl longitudinal shortening stress.

Aim To observe the neuroprotective effect of sinomenine on hippocampal neurons from injury in-duced by oxygen glucose deprivation ( OGD ) and its underlying mechanism. Methods Hippocampal neu-rons were exposed to OGD for 4 h followed by 24 h re-oxygenation ( OGD-R) . Then cell viability was detec-ted by MTT. LDH release was detected by LDH kit. Cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst stain. The ex-pression of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot. [ Ca2+] i of hippocampal neurons was detected by calcium imaging. Acid-sensing ion chan-nels ( ASICs ) current was detected by patch clamp technique. Results SN increased cell viability and reduced LDH release. SN also inhibited neuron apop-tosis and increased ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and reduced the expression of caspase-3 . OGD-induced increase of [ Ca2+] i was inhibited by SN. Furthermore, SN inhib-ited ASIC1 a current and also inhibited OGD induced increase of ASICs current in hippocampal neurons. Conclusion SN protects hippocampal neurons against OGD-R-induced injury. The inhibitory effect of SN on ASIC1 a and calcium overload was involved in the pro-tective effect of SN.

Objetive: To investigate the effects of endothelin B receptor (E T B R) agonist on the biological behaviors of cementoblast cell line OCCM-30 of the mice, and to provide the experimental basis for odontogenic root restoration. Methods: The cementoblasts of the mice in logarithmic growth phase were selected and divided into experiment group and control group. The cells in experiment group were treated with ETBR agonist at a concentration of 10 -4 mol • L -1, and the cells in control group did not receive any treatment. MTT method was used to detect the inhibitory rates of proliferation of the cementoblasts in two groups at different time points 24, 48, and 72 h). Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of cells in two groups different time points (24, 48, and 72 h); alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining were performed to detect the cell differentiation and mineralization; real-time PCR was used to determine the expression levels of differentiation-related or mineralization-related genes such as Runx2, BSP, OCN, Coll, and Osterix. Results: MTT assay showed that compared with control group, the inhibitory rates of proliferation of the cells in experimental group were significantly increased after cultured for 24, 48 and 72 h (P

Objective To investigate the correlation between coronary lesions with serum cystatin C (Cys C)and vascular endothelial function(RHI)in the patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A total of 318 patients receiving coronary angiography(CAG)were selected as the research subjects and divided into the control group(65 cases)and CHD group;then the CHD group was divided into the single-vessel lesion group(77cases),double-vessel lesions group(70c ases),multiple-vessel lesions group(106 cases)according to CAG and the number of disease vessels;the CHD group was re-divided into the low score group(67 cases),middle score group(107 cases)and high score group(79 cases)according to the Gensini score of coronary artery lesions.The vascular endothelial function was evaluated by using peripheral arterial tension (PAT)measurement technique.The reactive hypere-mia index(RHI)was calculated;serum Cys C level was determined by immunoturbidimetry.Results The serum Cys C level was in-creased and RHI level was reduced as the number of lesion vessels increasing,the inter-group comparison showed the statistical difference (P <0.05);RHI had no statistical difference between the double-vessel lesions group and multiple-vessel lesions group (P >0.05);the serum Cys C level was increased as the Gensini score increasing,the difference between the groups had statistical significance (P <0.05);the vascular RHI value was reduced as the coronary Gensini score increasing(P <0.05);moreover the Cys C level was positively correlated with the Gensini score (r=0.375,P <0.01);RHI was negatively correlated with corornary Gensi-ni score (r=-0.587,P <0.01 );the serum Cys C was negatively correlated with RHI(r =-0.350,P <0.01 ).Conclusion The vascular endothelial dysfunction and serum Cysc C level increase are associated with coronary lesions in CAD patients,moreover Cys C is negatively correlated with vascular RHI,serum Cys increase may be a predictive index for vascular endothelial function damage in CHD patients.

Objective:To investigate the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts (OC), and to explore its role in orthodontic force-induced root resorption and its relationship with OC.Methods:The mononuclear / macrophage cells RAW264.7 were induced to the OC.Tacrolimus acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and bone resorption lacunae observation were used to identify the induction.CCK-8 method was used to select the appropriate concentration of UA for RAW264.7 cell-free biotoxicity and to observe its effect on the proliferation and differentiation of RAW264.7.In experimental groups, UA with gradient concentrations (1.0,2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0and 40.0 μmol·L-1)were added.UA was not added in control group.Results:The TRAP staining and bone resorption lacunae observation showed that after the RAW264.7 cells were induced for 5 d, the TRAP staining positive cells were found;the resorption lacunae were rounded,and oval, etc,the bottom wall was coarser,and the boundary was clear,which indicated that the RAW264.7 cells were successfully differentiated into the osteoclasts.The CCK-8 detection results showed that high concentration of UA (> 10.0 μmol·L-1) significantly inhibited the proliferation of OC;the appropriate concentration of UA (5.0 μmol·L-1) was in the biological safety concentration range and could inhibit the OC proliferation;low concentration of UA (<2.5 μmol·L-1) had no effect.Conclusion:RANKL can induce the differentiation and maturation of RAW264.7 cells.UA is correlated with the proliferation and differentiation of OC;UA has inhibitory effect on OC at the appropriate concentration (5.0 μmol·L-1) in a time-dependent manner.