Objective To explore the profiles of physical activity domains among professionals with different occupational activity patterns.Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to recruit employed adults aged 30-60 years in Beijing as well as Zhejiang province.The information on the physical activity domains was collected with a revised Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ).Results Of 3 326 professionals,about 30.79％,50.75％ and 18.46％ adults had Class Ⅰ (mostly sedentary reading or writing during work time) ,Class Ⅱ (mostly working with arms or legs with little effort) ,and Class Ⅲ (working with effort)occupational activity patterns,respectively.The median volume of leisure time activity and bicycling were all 0 Met-min/week,and no significant difference of domestic activity volume was detected among all the three classes of professionals.Of all the non-occupational activity volume among three classes of adults,domestic activity accounted for the most proportion (58.87％) performed by adults of Class Ⅱ,traffic activity accounted for the most proportion (34.2％) by those of Class Ⅲ,and leisure time activity accounted for the most proportion (12.7％) by those of Class Ⅰ.Most time was spent in sedentary behaviors by those of Class Ⅰ after hours.Conclusions Besides the generally low level of moderate activity,the diversity of the domains of physical activity among this population was evident.It is necessary to develop appropriate technology to improve physical activity for professionals with different occupational activity patterns.

Objective:To investigate the in vitro effects of platelet-rich plasma(PRP) on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts(PDLFs). Methods: Various concentrations of PRP (10, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500 ml/L) were applied to primary cultures of human PDLFs. MTT assays were utilized to assess cell proliferation ability. Migration was determined by assessing the cell response to a concentration gradient with Transwell chamber. Differentiation was assessed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) kit. Results: A beneficial effect on proliferation was observed, especially in response to 200 ml/L PRP.PRP had stimulatory effects on the migration of human PDLFs. PRP facilitated differentiation of PDLFs. Conclusion: PRP can exert a positive effect on human PDLFs,but this effect is concentration specific, while higher concentrations is not necessary to result in optimal outcomes.

Objective To study the effect of body weight management on community residents with over-weight or obesity.Methods Chronic Disease Management Information System was used to establish personal health profile for 10 560 individuals with over-weight or obesity(4660 men and 5900 women,average age 58±12 years).Guide for individualized food intake,physical activity were given to these participants for an average of 9±6 months (range,1 to 32 months) with a following up.The change of body weight before and after the intervention was nalyzed.Statistical software(SPSS 12.0) wag used for the data analysis,the frequencies,rate and trend were analysised by the chi-square test,the means in quatitaitve data was analyzed by the paired t-test.P valuse for statistiacal significance is set for 0.05.Results A total of 9848 participants showed no change in body weight,although weight decrease or increase was seen in 499 and 213,respectively.Before and after the intervention,the proportion of weight remained,decrease or increase among over-weisht + central obesity individuals was 92.3%(6290/6817),5.9%(403/6817) and 1.8% (124/6817);95.5%(2888/3024),2.8%(84/3024) and 1.7%(52/3024) among the simple overweight or obesity group;and 93.2%(670/719),1.7%(12/719)and 5.1%(37/719) among the simple central obesity group,separately.Conclusions Body-weight management among central obesity individuals with over weight in communities is a more effective way of in terms of individule intervention than those individuals only with single over-weight,obesity or central obesity status.

Objectives To investigate the effects of plasma from the patients with preeclampsia on proliferation and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC),and to explore the relationship between cell damage and lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)receptors.Methods Sixty patients with preeclampsia were recruited from October 2011 to June 2012 in the First Affilated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.Among them,thirty cases were defined as the mild preeclampsia group and thirty cases were defined as the severe preeclampsia group.The other thirty healthy pregnant women were recruited in the healthy pregnant women group.The levels of plasma LPA in the three groups were measured.The HUVEC were cultured in vitro with plasma from the three groups,and a blank control group was set up as well.Proliferation and apoptosis of HUVEC were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry.Immunohistochemistry of biotin streptomyces protein peroxidase(SP)method was used to measure the protein expression level of Edg 2,4,7.Results(1)The plasma LPA levels in the healthy pregnant woman group,mild preeclampsia group and severe preeclampsia group were(3.38 ± 2.08)μmol/L,(6.12 ± 0.22)μmol/L,(9.10 ± 0.17)μmol/L,respectively.The plasma levels of LPA in patients with preeclampsia were significantly higher than that in the healthy pregnant women(P ＜ 0.01).(2)The proliferation rate of HUVEC in the mild and severe preeclampsia groups [(65.2 ± 2.7)％ and(51.9 ± 2.8)％] were significantly lower than that in the healthy pregnant women group and the control group [(84.3 ± 3.1)％ and(100.0 ± 0.0)％,P ＜ 0.01].(3)The early apoptosis rate,middle-late apoptosis rate and total apoptosis rate of HUVEC in the mild and severe preeclampsia groups [total apoptosis rate were(30.4 ±2.0)％ and(43.4 ±2.5)％] were significantly higher than those in the healthy pregnant women group and the control group [total apoptosis rate were(18.6 ± 1.6)％ and(8.0 ± 1.5)％,P ＜ 0.01].(4)The expression positive rates of Edg 2,4,7 proteins in the four groups were as following:mild preeclampsia group 83％,80％ and 73％;severe preeclampsia group 97％,93％ and 90％;healthy pregnant women group 40％,40％ and 37％,and the control group 10％,10％ and 7％ respectively.The positive rates of HUVEC in the mild and severe preeclampsia groups were significantly higher than those in the healthy pregnant women group and the control group(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The plasma of patients with preeclampsia could inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of HUVEC,and induce the expression of Edg 2,4,7 proteins.It suggested that the increase of lysophosphatidic acid in plasma could be one of the reasons of endothelial cell damage in patients with preeclampsia.

Objective To investigate the association between microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors in a general Chinese population.Methods A multi-stage cluster randomized sampling method was used to select 2400 residents (18-69 years old) in four counties in Shandong and Jiangsu provinces in October 2013 to March 2014.24-hour MAU were measured for each subject.The prevalence of MAU in different groups was analyzed.The relationship between the aggregation of risk factors and MAU was analyzed.Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between MAU and cardiovascular risk factors.Results A total of 2265 subjects were included in the analysis.The prevalence of MAU was 8.96％ (203/2265,95％ CI:7.82-10.21).The prevalence of MAU in obesity,hypertension,diabetes,hypertriglyceridemia,and low HDL-C group were 14.65％ (63/430),12.53％ (104/830),20.22％ (36/178),15.57％ (64/411),11.99％ (53/442) respectively,which were significantly higher than the corresponding healthy population (all P ＜ 0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that obesity,hypertension,diabetes,and hypertriglyceridemia were risk factors for MAU.The OR(95％ CI) values were 1.491(1.016-2.265),1.660(1.190-2.314),2.291 (1.494-3.515) and 1.734(1.205-2.495) respectively.With the increase in the number of influencing factors,urinary albumin levels and the prevalence of MAU all showed an upward trend.Conclusion MAU was associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity,hypertension,diabetes,and hypertriglyceridemia.

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference and correlation between dietary salt intakes assessed by 24 hours urinary Na method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method.

METHODSAll 2 184 subjects aged 18 to 69 were selected by multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method in Shandong province in June to September, 2011. Dietary salt intakes were measured by 24 hours urinary Na method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method. The information on gender, age, dining locations and labour intensity of members dining at home for 3 days were recorded. And the dietary habits were surveyed by questionnaire.

RESULTSSalt intakes were 14.0, 12.0 and 10.5 g/d assessed by 24 hours urinary Na method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire, respectively. Comparing with 24 hours urinary Na method, salt intakes assessed by food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method were 2.0 g (14.3% undervalued) and 3.4 g (24.3% undervalued) less, respectively. Comparing with 24 hours urinary Na method, the proportion of individuals with salt intake over-reported and under-reported were 42.4% (856/2 020) and 55.3% (1 117/2 020) by food weighted record method, and were 20.7% (418/2 020) and 16.3% (329/2 020) by food frequency questionnaire method, respectively; the proportion of individuals with salt intakes within ± 25% of 24 hours urinary Na method were 36.9% (745/2 020) and 28.4% (574/2 020), respectively. Salt intakes assessed by 24 hours urinary method correlated significantly with both salt intakes assessed by food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method; the correlation coefficients were 0.13 and 0.07, respectively. With the increasing of salt intakes by subjects' self-judgment, salt intakes were all rising significantly using three survey methods. Salt intakes of three group population of light, moderate and partial taste salty were 13.6, 13.6 and 14.7 g/d by 24 hours urinary Na method (F = 0.47, P < 0.05); 11.0, 12.0 and 12.7 g/d by food weighted record method (F = 5.83, P < 0.05), and 9.3, 10.2 and 11.9 g/d by food frequency questionnaire method (F = 5.83, P < 0.05), respectively.

CONCLUSIONComparing with 24 hours urinary method, food weighted record method and food frequency questionnaire method would undervalue dietary salt intake. Salt intake status can be more accurately assessed by adjusting the underestimation rate.

Data Collection ; Diet ; Feeding Behavior ; Food ; Humans ; Sodium, Dietary ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between salt consumption and blood pressure among residents in Shandong province, and to provide basic information for guiding people to prevent hypertension by reducing salt intake.

METHODSUsing multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, 2 184 residents aged 18 to 69 were selected as the research subjects, which were extracted randomly from 20 counties in Shandong province in June, 2011. The blood pressure of the subjects were measured and weighted. Based on 72 h dietary recalls and weighing measurement, and according to the distribution of salt intake, the grouping cut-off points were 10, 14 and 18 g. The difference of subjects with different characteristics and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension by grouping salt intake and other characteristics were analyzed, and the relationship between salt intake and prevalence of hypertension were analyzed.

RESULTSThe total of 2 133 residents were involved finally, the completion rate was 97.7%. After the complex weighted, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure's means (95%CI value) of the subjects were 121.0 (119.5-122.5) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) and 78.5(77.4-79.6) mmHg respectively, which were all elevated with increasing of salt consumption. The blood pressure of the subjects with salt intake <10 g was the lowest, which were 119.6 (116.9-122.4) mmHg and 77.5(76.2-78.7) mmHg respectively. The blood pressure of the subjects with salt intake ≥ 18 g was the highest, which were 122.3(120.1-124.5) mmHg and 79.6(78.2-80.9) mmHg respectively. The analysis results showed that, among residents with normal waistline, the prevalence of hypertension of people with salt intake ≥ 18 g was 1.70(95%CI:1.04-2.76) times compared to that of people who consumed less than 10 g salt per day.

CONCLUSIONThe hypertension prevalence of Shandong province is quite high, and there is a relationship between salt consumption and blood pressure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo describe dietary sodium intakes and resources among residents in Shandong province.

METHODSA total of 2184 subjects were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from 18-69 years old people in Shandong province in June, 2011. A total of 2140 subjects completed the study, the completion rate was 98.0%. Three-day (24-hour per day) dietary recalls and weighting methods were conducted to collect information about all the foods and condiments consumed by the subjects. Individual dietary sodium intake was calculated, the differences of dietary sodium intake among subjects with different characteristics were analyzed, and the proportions of different dietary sodium resources were also analyzed.

RESULTSThe amount of individual dietary sodium intake was 5745.0 (95%CI:5427.6-6062.5) mg/d in Shandong; 6147.4 (95%CI: 5823.8-6471.0) mg/d for male residents, 5339.3 (95%CI:5005.8-5672.8) mg/d for female residents. There was a significant difference between males and females (F = 75.22, P < 0.01). The amount of individual dietary sodium intake was 5910.1 (95%CI:5449.3-6370.8) mg/d, 5341.6 (95%CI:5007.0-5676.1) mg/d for rural residents and urban residents respectively, and there was also a significant difference (F = 5.53, P < 0.05). The amount of condiment sodium intake was 4640.3 (95%CI:4360.2-4920.4) mg/d, which was the largest contributor to sodium intake, accounting for 80.8% (95%CI:79.9%-81.6%) of total intake. Sodium intake from cereals was 650.7 (95%CI: 590.5-711.0) mg/d, accounting for 11.3% (95%CI:10.3%-12.3%) of total intake. Sodium intake from eggs was 118.9 (95%CI:95.2-142.6) mg/d, accounting for 2.1% (95%CI:1.6%-2.6%) of total intake. The amount of manufactured food sodium intake was 582.1(95%CI: 497.8-666.4) mg/d, accounting for 10.1% (95%CI:8.9%-11.4%) of total intake.

CONCLUSIONSodium intakes remain high among residents of Shandong province, and sodium from condiments was the largest source of dietary sodium intake, sodium of manufactured food only accounting for small part.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Condiments ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet Surveys ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sodium, Dietary ; Young Adult

Objective: To analyze the association between 24 h urinary sodium excretion and microalbuminuria (MAU) among Chinese people aged from 18 to 69 years old. Methods: 2 400 subjects aged from 18 to 69 years old were selected form Gaomi and Fushan sites of Shandong Province and Xinyi and Ganyu sites of Jiangsu Province in 2013 by using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. Questionnaire survey, physical measurement and 24 h urine collection were conducted. 2 262 subjects were finally included in the analysis. According to the quartile of 24 h urinary sodium, all subjects were divided into Q1-Q4 groups and the levels of urinary microalbumin and MAU among different groups were compared. The relationship between urinary sodium and MAU was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The age of subjects was (42.1±13.5) years old, including 1 124 males (49.7%). The 24 h urine volume, urinary sodium, urine albumin M (P₂₅, P₇₅) and MAU detection rate were (1 411±495) ml, (166.4±71.6) mmol/d, 12.5 (9.6, 17.4) mg/d and 9.0% (203 cases), respectively. With the increase of urinary sodium level, the level of urinary albumin increased (P_trend<0.001), and the prevalence of MAU also showed an upward trend (P_trend<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, hypertension and diabetes, the risk of MAU in Q4 group increased by 174% compared with Q1 group, and OR (95%CI) value was 2.74 (1.80-4.16). Conclusion 24 h urinary sodium is associated with the prevalence of MAU and salt reduction can help reduce MAU.

OBJECTIVETo explore the knowledge, attitude and behavior of salt reduction among Chinese adults aged over 18 years old in 2010.

METHODSA total of 96 916 adults aged over 18 were recruited from 162 surveillance points in 2010, applying multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method.Information about subjects salt reduction related knowledge, attitude and behavior were collected by face-to-face interview. After performing complex weighted analysis, the awareness, willingness and behavior rates were compared by different genders, age groups, urban, rural and different regions.

RESULTSThe unweighted salt reduction rate of the awareness, willingness and behavior among Chinese adults were 63.0%, 84.5% and 44.5%. After being weighted, the awareness rate was 62.9%, the awareness rate difference was not significant between males (62.4%) and females (63.4%) (χ(2) = 1.66, P > 0.05), but the urban areas (77.1%) were significantly higher than the rural areas (56.3%) (χ(2) = 85.11, P < 0.01) . The difference among different ages was significant (χ(2) = 228.68, P < 0.01) with descending order in 18-44, 45-59 and ≥ 60 years old (67.8%, 59.8%, 50.1%, respectively). The difference among different regions was not significant (χ(2) = 9.82, P < 0.01) in eastern, central and western China (68.2%, 61.3%, 57.1%, respectively). After being weighted, the willingness rate was 83.8%, the willingness rate in females (85.8%) was significantly higher than that in males (81.9%) (χ(2) = 61.92, P < 0.01) , and the urban areas (87.1%) were significantly higher than the rural areas (82.3%) (χ(2) = 15.49, P < 0.01) . The difference among different ages was significant (χ(2) = 74.50, P < 0.01) with descending order in 18-44, 45-59 and ≥ 60 years old (85.3%, 83.1%, 79.6%, respectively). The difference was not significant (χ(2) = 0.58, P > 0.05) among eastern, central and western China (84.3%, 84.0%, 82.9%, respectively). After being weighted, the behavior rate of salt reduction was 42.2%, the behavior rate in females (45.6%) was significantly higher than that in males (38.8%) (χ(2) = 107.74, P < 0.01), and urban areas (56.5%) were significantly higher than the rural areas (35.6%) (χ(2) = 74.38, P < 0.01) . The difference was not significant (χ(2) = 4.19, P > 0.05) among 18-44, 45-59 and ≥ 60 years old(41.5%, 43.6%, 42.2%, respectively). The behavior rate of salt reduction difference in eastern China(47.8%) was significantly higher than that in central (38.9%) and western (38.0%) (χ(2) = 7.22, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe rate of willingness to reduce salt is higher, but the awareness rate and the behavior rate of salt reduction are not high, especially among the population who are from rural area, or who are from central and western China.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Rural Population ; Urban Population