ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Methods244 premature children 4 weeks after birth, which neonatal gestational age were ＜ 36 weeks, birth weight were ＜ 2 000g,were taken fundus examination.ROP stage at diagnosis, according to international law for the diagnosis and staging.Results244 patients with varying degrees of premature children with ROP in 49 cases(including 37 cases of ROP Ⅰ ,ROPⅡ of the 10 cases,ROP Ⅲ 2 ,ROP rate was 20.1％.Gestational age,birth weight,oxygen,mother pregnancy complications,acidosis, apnea,PaO2 changes, mechanical ventilation and infection on the incidence of ROP had a significant effect (all P ＜ 0.05) ;and shorter gestational age, birth weight, smaller, ROP incidence higher(all P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionThe incidence of ROP and gestational age, birth weight,oxygen, mother pregnancy complications, acidosis, apnea, PaO2 changes and infection, mechanical ventilation and other factors, and the gestational age, birth weight, oxygen, apnea were independent risk factors for ROP.