OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of electrolyte on the stability of the neonatal parenteral nutrition. METHODS:Under room temperature(25 ℃),the neonatal parenteral nutrition containing only monovalent or bivalent ion electrolyte(10% So-dium chloride injection,10% Potassium chloride injection,25% Magnesium sulfate injection,and Calcium gluconate injection) and containing both monovalent and bivalent ion electrolyte were investigated by the change of appearance to determine the pH val-ue,insoluble particles and the size and distribution (polydispersity index,PDI) within 24 h. RESULTS:The pH of the nutrition with electrolyte was over 5 and also met the quality requirements;there were no precipitate,flocculation and discoloration in the appearance;the neonatal parenteral nutrition containing only monovalent ion electrolyte appeared a small amount of hanging wall phenomenon for 24 h,but did not appear demulsification phenomenon;the neonatal parenteral nutrition containing only bivalent ion electrolyte appeared a small amount of hanging wall phenomenon and demulsification phenomenon for 24 h;the neonatal paren-teral nutrition containing both monovalent and bivalent ion electrolyte appeared a small amount of hanging wall phenomenon and de-mulsification phenomenon for 12 h and the hanging wall phenomenon was more obvious for 24 h. Meanwhile,a size bigger than 5μm microns and particle size bigger than 25 μm microns of insoluble particles appeared,and both the average particle size and PDI value were higher than those in the previous two situations(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:As more and more monovalent and biva-lent ion electrolyte being added into the neonatal parenteral nutrition,especially divalent ion electrolyte,the stability of the neona-tal parenteral nutrition decreases,which behaves as a phenomenon that the size of grains and the number of insoluble particles in-crease.

Objective We aimed to evaluatd the effect of oral nursing with oral washing on patients with peroral endotracheal intubation and discuss the appropriate oral nursing method for patients with patients with peroral endotracheal intubation. Methods We chose 150 patients with indwelling peroral endotracheal intubation after neurosurgery and divided them into the control group (73 cases) and the test group (77 cases). The test group received oral nursing with oral washing while the control group with routine oral nursing method. We compared the incidence of halitosis, the moist degree of oral cavity and the amount of the tooth fungus spot between the two groups. Results The incidence of halitosis and the amount of the tooth fungus spot in the test group were lower than those of the control group; The moist degree of oral cavity in the test group was higher than that of the control group, P<0.01. Conclusions Oral washing could effectively control halitosis, keep oral cavity moist and prevent the formation of tooth fungus spot.

BACKGROUND: Jaw defects are common clinically. It is desirable to find ideal seed cells combined with scaffolds to construct tissue engineered jaws for curing these diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the growth characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transfected with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene after seeded on coral scaffold in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An experimental study of bone tissue engineering was performed in the Research Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University between March 2006 and June 2008. MATERIALS: Natural coral from China Hainan bench was made into pieces of 8 mm×8 mm×2 mm. METHODS: BMSCs were isolated from New England rabbits by density gradient centrifugation and then purified by adherent separation. bFGF-pcDNA3 gene was transfected into BMSCs using Lipofectamine TM 2000. bFGF gene-transfected (transfected group) or untransfected (untransfected group)BMSCs were seeded on different coral scaffolds. In addition, bFGF gene-transfected BMSCs were simply cultured but not on the coral scaffold for control (simple culture group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: BMSC proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and BMSC growth on coral scaffold was observed under the scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: MTT assay showed that the BMSC proliferation rate was significantly higher in the transfected group than in the untransfected group (P < 0.05) and that there was no significant difference in BMSC proliferation between the transfected and simple culture groups (P > 0.05). Scanning electron microscope results displayed that BMSCs adhered to and spread over the coral scaffold, exhibiting various appearances, with some cells had grown into scaffold micropores or spanned micropore surface, and some extracellular matrix secreted by BMSCs were found. CONCLUSION: The transfected group exhibited better growth of BMSCs transfected by bFGF gene than the untransfected group. These findings indicate that coral skeleton does not influence BMSC proliferation and can be used as a scaffold of BMSCs to construct tissue-engineered bone.

AIM: To study the effect of double gene transduction mediated by lentiviral vectors on the characteristics of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). METHODS: Using the backbone from inducibal dual and excisable transgene vector (iDuet101) , lentiviral vectors overexpressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte - associated molecule - 4 immuno-globulin (iDuet101 - CTLA4Ig) , indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (iDuet101 - IDO) , and ubiquitin - C promoter - lueifer-ase - ires - puromycin ( ULIP) were constructed and packaged according to the standard recombinant techniques. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were first transduced with iDuet101, iDuet101 - CTLA4Ig or iDuet101 - IDO, then, after the selection, were transduced again with ULIP. The expression and function of the exogenous genes were detected. Immu-nohistochemistry, RT - PCR and flow cytometry were applied for detection of embryoid bodies ( EB) formation in vitro and in vivo teratoma formation. RESULTS: Double - transduced hESCs showed typical shape of cell clones and positive staining of tumor rejection antigen -1 - 60 ( Tra -1 - 60 ) and octomer transcription factor - 4 ( OCT - 4 ). The formation of EB was observed, in which a - fetoprotein (AFP), paired box gene 6 ( Pax6) and Musashi 1 ( MSI1) were positively expressed. The cells formed teratomas, and the luciferase signals existed until 28 days after xeno - transplantation. CONCLUSION : Double transduction of non - transcriptional factors mediated by lentiviral vectors does not affect the cell growth rate and their differentiation ability.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of erectile dysfunction(ED)in aged men.Methods Erectile dysfunction(ED)was diagnosed according to the International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF).78 aged men(average 65.9 yrs)as the study group,and 82 young patients(average 36.0 yrs)as the control group,all with ED,Were compared in complicating diseases,self-rating SDS scores,penile-brachial indexes(PBI),the time of achieving erection,and ejaculatory latency time.Results The main complicating diseases in study group were cardiovascular diseases(42 cases,53.9%),lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)(31 cases,39.7%)and diabetes(26 cases,33.3%).In the control group,the main complicating diseases were chronic prostatitis(52 cages,63.4%),premature ejaculation(PE)(32 cases,39.0%)and depression(12 csses,14.6%).SDS scores of study group and control group were(29.13±5.63)and(39.59±13.31),PBI were(0.78±0.12)and(0.91±0.06),the time of achieving erection were(13.85±5.75)min and(3.61±4.29)min,ejaculatory latency time were(7.03±5.35)min and(3.81±5.53)min.All with significant difference(P＜0.01).Conclusion Most of the ED old men were complicated with organic diseases,such as the time of achieving erection,PBI low scores and longer ejaculatory latency time.

AIM:To generate thalassemia-specific integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells ( iPSC) and to detect their ability of differentiation into hematopoietic precursors .METHODS:The plasmids pEB-C5 and pEB-Tg were transfected into the fibroblast cells from hemoglobin Bart ’ s hydrops fetalis ’ s skin by the method of nuclear transfection to reprogramm the cells into iPSC .The ability of the iPSC to differentiate into 3-germ layer cells was determined .The iPSC were cocultured with mouse OP 9 cells to differentiate into hematopoietic precursors and the hematopoietic precursor specific antigens were detected .RESULTS:The integration-free iPSC from hemoglobin Bart ’ s hydrops fetalis ’ s skin fibroblasts were successfully derived, and had the ability to differentiate into 3 germ layers.When cocultured with OP9 cells for 9 d, the positive rate of hematopoietic progenitor cell marker CD 34 was 18.7%, and the CD34 and CD45 double positive rate was 12.2%.CONCLUSION:Hemoglobin Bart ’ s hydrops fetalis ’ s skin fibroblasts can be successfully induced into “in-tegration-free” iPSC.This cell line has the ability to differentiate into 3 germ layers , and can be differentiated into hemato-poietic precursors when cocultured with OP 9 cells.

objective To understand the status of Oncomelania hupensis snail distribution and diffusion in main drainages of Hexi Reservoir and evaluate the snail control effect of the schistosomiasis control engineering of Hexi Reservoir. Methods The O. hupensis snails were investigated by using the straw curtain method and fishing net method in different areas of the main drainages of Hexi Reservoir and the results were analyzed. Results A total of 1 800 straw curtains were used and 37 snails were found in Naxi stream. Totally 5 870 kg floats were salved and no snails were found. Conclusion The schistosomiasis con?trol engineering of Hexi Reservoir is effective in the prevention of the snail diffusion but there are still snails in the upstream. Therefore the snail surveillance and control need to be strengthened.

Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control projects in Hexi Reservoir on Oncomelania hupensis snail control. Methods The canal hardening+main water system widening+the overflow dam project,the concrete slope protec-tion,the banking and reclamation + concrete slope protection project,the environment reform project,and the comprehensive treatment were implemented in the tail area,the hydro-fluctuation belt,the rainwater harvesting zoon of the upstream area,the dam area,and the downstream area of the reservoir,respectively. The changes of the snail situation were investigated before and after the construction of the reservoir,and the snail control effects of the schistosomiasis control projects in different parts of the reservoir were analyzed. Results There were no Oncomelania snails found 3 years in the bottom area,dam area,hydro-fluctua-tion belt,tail region and downstream of the dam after the construction and storage of the reservoir and the implementation of the schistosomiasis control projects. In the rainwater harvesting zoon of the upstream area,the density of living snails decreased from 0.620 4 snails/0.1 m2 in 2009 to 0.113 2 snails/0.1 m2 in 2013,but the snail area still remained. Conclusions The schistosomia-sis control projects in Hexi Reservoir have effectively prevented the diffusion of Oncomelania snails from the rainwater harvesting zone of the upstream area to the dam area,and they are effective in the snail control.

ObjectiveTo assess revascularization and vessel anastomosis in digital replantations with DSA.MethodsTwelve cases of digital replantations underwent digital subtract angiography during 2 to 4 days after fingers reattachment. The vessel anastomosis,hemodynamics,stenosis and discontinuation were investigated.The unobstructed and smooth anastomosis was suggested as early stage survival of the reattached fingers,the spasm and stenosis of the reattached vessels were considered as mild vascular crisis,and the discontinuation of hemodynamics were indicated as severe vascular crisis.ResultsThe total 27 vessels were clearly displayed on DSA.Of these vessels,23 vessels were unobstructed and smooth,all digits were survived.Diagnosis coincidence of early stage survival was 100%(23/23). Two vessels were obstructed,which were testified having thrombus by operation research.The other 2 vessels were spasm,the digits were also survived ultimately by expectant treatment.All 4 abnormal vessel anatomosis were found by DSA.Conclusion DSA is important modality in assessing revascularization and blood circulation for digital replantations,guiding in dealing with the vascular crisis,and in predicting early stage survival of the reattached digits.

Objective To explore the safety and therapeutic efficiency of continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) without anticoagulation for critically ill children with high risk of bleeding.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 51 patients undergoing bedside CRRT in the PICU of our hospital from December 2007 to July 2015.Patients were divided into two groups induding CRRT with anticoagulation(n=33) or without anticoagulation (n=18).The therapeutic efficiency and complications were compared between two grous.Results Totally 168 CRRT circuits were performed in these 51 patients including 62 (36.9％)circuits without anticoagulation in 18 patients with high risk of bleeding and 106(63.1％) with anticoagulation by heparin.The circuits life of CRRT without anticoagulation was (12.31±6.64) h,which was shorter than that of CRRT with anticoagulation [(17.43±9.97)h] (P＜0.001).The levels of blood creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,C-reactive protein,and lactate significantly improved after both therapies (P＜0.05).PT and APTT did not change in CRRT without anticoagulation for hemorrhagic complications(P＞0.05).APTT[(52.36±5.00)s vs.(76.48±9.02)s,P=0.013] and PLT[(127.3±20.85)×109/L vs.(95.52±15.46)×109/L,P=0.041]were significantly longer in CRRT with anticoagulation by heparin compared with those before treatment.Conclusion CRRT without anticoagulation reduces bleeding risks and achieves an acceptable circuit life.The strategy can be applied as an alternative to critically ill children at high risks of bleeding who need continuous blood purification.