Objective:To prepare docetaxel liposomes mediated by folic acid receptor using different preparation processes, estab-lish the quality control and determine the stability. Methods:HSPC, FA-PEG2000-DSPE and docetaxel were dissolved in the solvent with the ratio of 100︰5︰8. Docetaxel liposomes were prepared by three different methods. The mean diameter of liposomes was deter-mined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Low-speed centrifugation was employed to determine the encapsulation efficiency (EE). The residual organic solvents were determined by gas chromatograph. Results:The mean diameter of docetaxel liposomes was (155 ± 10) nm with PdI below 0. 20. The EE was over 95. 0%. The inspection indices of docetaxel liposomes were not changed significantly after six-month storage under the temperature of (25 ± 2)℃. Conclusion:The third production process with high ratio of drug to lipid is feasible, controllable and stable in quality.

Objective:To prepare bererine hydrochloride ( BER) liposomes and establish an effective method for the determination of content and entrapment efficiency. Methods:BER liposomes were prepared by ammonium sulfate gradient method. The encapsula-tion efficiency of BER liposomes was respectively determined by supercentrifugation method, microcolumn gel method and ultrafiltration method, and the content of every component in BER liposomes was detected by HPLC-ELSD. Results:The results showed that super-centrifugation method could precisely separate the free drug from the liposomes. The optimum parameters of supercentrifugation method were the centrifugal speed of 60 000 r·min-1 , the centrifugal time of 1 h, the centrifugal temperature of 10℃ and the lipid concentra-tion of 6 mg·ml-1 . Conclusion:The method is simple and sensitive with good separation efficiency. HPLC-ELSD can be used to de-termine the content of every component in BER liposomes.

Objective: To prepare daptomycin liposomes and investigate the in vitro drug release.Methods: Daptomycin liposomes were prepared by an active loading method.The distribution of particle size and zeta potential of liposomes were determined by a laser particle size analyzer.The encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release were determined by HPLC.Results: The particle size of daptomycin liposomes was 109.5 nm, the heterogeneous dispersion coefficient was 0.042 and the zeta potential was-6.48 mV.The entrapment efficiency determined by gel column and centrifugation was 50.8% and 50.3%, respectively.The result of in vitro drug release showed that daptomycin liposomes had a good sustained-release effect when compared with daptomycin for injection.Conclusion: Daptomycin liposomes have uniform particle size, which can release drug slowly to reduce administration frequency.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the medication safety in elderly patients with chronic diseases. METHODS:Elderly inpatients with chronic diseases and nursing staff in affiliated hospital of shaoyang medical college,from Mar. 2014 to May 2015 were randomly selected for a questionnaire survey to analyze the influential factors of drug safety and health education de-mand,and the difficulty sources of nursing staff in developing health education was explored. RESULTS:Totally 500 questionnaire was sent out to elderly patients with chronic diseases,500 were effectively received with effective recovery of 100%;and totally 200 were sent out to nursing staff,200 were effectively received with effective recovery of 100%. In the 500 surveyed patients, 193 had ADR,which was affected by age,educational background,monthly income,disease course,whether received health edu-cation,etc.(P<0.05),patients with older age,lower educational background and monthly income,longer disease course and no receiving health education showed higher incidence of ADR;the influential factors for health education demands included education-al background,occupational status,disease course,quality evaluation of nursing staff,etc.(P<0.05),patients with higher educa-tional background,lower disease course,higher occupational status and quality evaluation of nursing staff showed stronger health education demands. The difficulty sources of surveyed nursing staff in developing health education were busy work,being afraid of misunderstanding,embarrassing,cognitive and skill deficits. CONCLUSIONS:The drug safety of elderly patients with chronic dis-eases is related to many influential factors,as well as the health education demands. Nursing staff should continuously improve their ability and quality,combined with the above influential factors,carry out health education with physicians and pharmacists to ensure the medication safety.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of urinary stones composition in children and the differences in their distribution among different sexes and age groups.Methods:The clinical data of 592 children with urinary stones who underwent stone composition analysis using infrared spectroscopy at Hunan Children's Hospital from October 2015 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 430 males and 162 females.The median age was 4.0 (0.3 to 18.0) years old. The stone composition and the differences in its distribution in different sex and age groups were analyzed.Results:A total of 643 urinary stones were analyzed in 592 cases, with 419 (65.2%) single-component stones and 224 (34.8%) mixed-component stones. The main stone components were calcium oxalate in 361 cases (56.1%), ammonium hydrogen urate in 130 cases (20.0%), cystine in 56 cases (8.7%), calcium phosphate in 33 cases (5.1%), uric acids in 33 cases (5.1%), magnesium ammonium phosphate in 25 cases (3.9%), and xanthine in 5 cases (0.8%). The percentage of calcium oxalate stones was higher in women than in men [65.6% (118/180) vs. 52.5% (243/463), P<0.05]. The proportion of upper urinary tract stones was higher in girl than in boy[93.4%(168/180) vs. 73.2%(339/463), P<0.05]. The differences in the composition ratios of calcium oxalate stones, ammonium hydrogen urate, cystine, and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones in different age groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05), with the highest proportion of calcium oxalate stones (35.6%) at 6 to 10 years of age, ammonium hydrogen urate and cystine stones at 1 to 2 years of age (45.4% and 42.9%), and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones at 3 to 5, 6 to 10, and 11 to 18 years of age, the percentage of urinary stones in children was 24%. Conclusions:The main component of urinary stones in children is calcium oxalate, followed by ammonium hydrogen urate and cystine. Age and gender correlate with the distribution of stone components. Calcium oxalate stones are common in females and in children aged 6 to 10 years, ammonium hydrogen urate and cystine stones are common in children aged 1 to 2 years, and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones are more common in children aged 3 to 5 years, 6 to 10 years, and 11 to 18 years.

The aim of this study was to identify antigens for a vaccine or drug target to control rabbit coccidiosis. A combination of 2-dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometric analysis were used to identify novel antigens from the sporozoites of Eimeria stiedae. Protein spots were recognized by the sera of New Zealand rabbits infected artificially with E. stiedae. The proteins were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS) analysis in combination with bioinformatics. Approximately 868 protein spots were detected by silver-staining, and a total of 41 immunoreactive protein spots were recognized by anti-E. stiedae sera. Finally, 23 protein spots were successfully identified. The proteins such as heat shock protein 70 and aspartyl protease may have potential as immunodiagnostic or vaccine antigens. The immunoreactive proteins were found to possess a wide range of biological functions. This study is the first to report the proteins recognized by sera of infected rabbits with E. stiedae, which might be helpful in identifying potential targets for vaccine development to control rabbit coccidiosis.
Coccidiosis* ; Computational Biology ; Eimeria ; Electrophoresis ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Immunoblotting ; Mass Spectrometry ; Rabbits ; Sporozoites