Objective To establish HPLC method for fast, effective, simultaneous determination of Vancomycin and Norvancomycin in serum. Methods The separation was achieved on the Hypersil ODS2(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm)with methanol-acetonitrile-a mixture of potassium phosphate (9.5:2.5:88) as the mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The UV detecting wavelength was 280 nm.The temperature of the column was 35 ℃. Vancomycin and Norvancomycin were used as the internal standard for each other .Results Vancomycin and Norvancomycin blood concentration were in well linearity in the range of 1.25-100μg/mL,R2 =0.9996.The average method recovery rate of three concentrations were 96.88%,99.50%,105.01%respectively, the average method recovery rate of three concentrations were 94.40%,103.90,103.81%respectively, the intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 5%.Conclusion The HPLC method is proved to be simple,sensitive, accurate and precise in which little blood sample is taken, thus it is suitable for the therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) and pharmacokinetic study of Vancomycin and Norvancomycin.

Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; standards ; Quality Control

Female ; Humans ; Male ; Precision Medicine ; methods ; standards ; trends ; Specialization

Autopsy ; China ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Molecular Biology ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; methods ; Pathology, Clinical ; methods ; organization & administration

Dendritic Cells ; pathology ; Histiocytes ; pathology ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; pathology ; Humans ; Keratins ; analysis ; Langerhans Cells ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; Sarcoma ; chemistry ; classification ; pathology

Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Quinazolines ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Trastuzumab

Biomarkers, Tumor ; Endocrine Glands ; pathology ; secretion ; Hormones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Pathology ; methods ; trends

Autopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Humans ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; pathology

BACKGROUND:One function of papaver nudicaule L is its analgesic effect. Previous studies showed that total alkaloid,extracted from papaver nudicaule,possesses observable analgesic effects. Nudicauline,separated from the total alkaloid of papaver nudicaule,is a new kind of alkaloid.OBJECTIVE:To study the analgesic effect of nudicauline and its mechanism of action.DESIGN:A randomized controlled study based on the experimental animals.SETTING:Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine ,Chengde Medical Colege.MATERIALS:The experiment was conducted in the Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Chengde Medical College (Key Laboratory for Research and Exploitation of Traditional Chinese Medicine) from August 2001 to December 2003.Totally 140 mice were included and randomly divided into 14 groups with 10 mice in each group in this experiment.METHODS: ① Study of the analgesic effect.The animals were randomly assigned to 5 groups:saline control group,and nudicauline 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg groups as well as morphine group. ② relation with endor-phin.The animals were divided into 5 groups:saline control group,nudicauline +naloxone group,morphine group,and morphine +naloxone group. ③relation with nitrogen monoxide.The animals were divided into 4 groups:saline group,nudicauline group,nudicauline +L-arginine 400 mg/kg group,and n-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 37.5 mg/kg group.Totally 20 μL 10 g/L formalin was injected into the right hindlimbs of the mice. The pain observation item:walking freely was 0 point;being lame,could stand on the floor without moving was 1 point;could lift their feet was 2 point;could shake or lick their feet was 3 points.The observation fell into 2 phases:0 to 10 minutes after pain induction was set as the first phase,and 20 to 30minutes was set as the second phase.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The pain response scores of the mice in each group under the effect of different drugs.RESULTS: ① Nudicauline reduced significantly the score of response to the pain induced by formalin in the second phase(P ＜ 0.05-0.01).The higher dosage of nudicauine had certain inhibitory effect on the pain reaction in the first phase (P ＜ 0.05).Morphine had significant inhibitory effect on the pain reaction in both phases(P ＜ 0.01). ② Naloxone could completely inhibit the analgesic effect of morphine,but had no influence on the analgesic effect of nudicauline. ③ The analgesic effect of nudicauline was partially blocked by L-arginine in the second phase and enhanced by L-NAME.CONCLUSION:Nudicauline has obvious analgesic effects,whereas opium antagonist naloxone can completely inhibit the analgesic effect of morphine,but cannot alter the effect of nudicauline,which indicates that the analgesic effect is not related to the endogenous opioid system. L-arginine can partially inhibit the analgesic effect of nudicauline while L-NAME can increase the analgesic effect of nudicauline,suggesting that the analgesic effect of nudicauline may be partially associated with the production and release of nitrogen monoxide.

Objective　To determine the value of spiral CT in diagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis(EBTB) after analysing the spiral CT appearance. Methods　Retrospective analysis of CT signs in 13 cases who were finally pathologically found suffering from EBTB via biopsy with bronchoscope. Results　Five cases have signs of bronchial structure with obstructive atelectasis and pneumonia. Two cases have signs of irregular bronchial wall. Four cases have signs of scattering dot and patchy increase density in lung fields. Two cases' bronchi and lung tissues are normal. Conclusion　CT examination can determine the site and extent of EBTB and help the localization of bronchoscope.