Triple negative breast cancer(TNBC) is defined by the lack of estrogen receptor (ER) , progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 ( Her-2) expression. It is a subtype of tumor with distinct clinical and pathologic features and lacks effective targeted therapies. It is non - sensitive to endocrine therapy and targeted therapy drug herceptin, leaving chemotherapy as the mainstay of treatment The feature and the treatment of TNBC is the hotspot of resent research.

Glycogen storage diseases (GSD) are a group of inherited disorders characterized by enzyme defects that affect the glycogen metabolism. Hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and growth retardation are the main clinical manifestations. The enzymes affecting glycogen synthesis and degradation are varied.Consequently, the clinical manifestations are different because of different enzyme defection. Most patients treated regularly can obtain the normal growth and grow to adults, but still can be accompanied long-term complications by adulthood. Now some scientists find new modified cornstarch is superior to standard therapy in maintaining blood glucose levels. Gene therapy is still in the experimental animals.

Recent studies have shown that pituitary hormones, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), and oxytocin(OT)may actually bypass their target endocrine organs and affect the skeleton directly. Therefore, a new conception, pituitary-bone axis is proposed. This breakthrough sheds a new light on the function of pituitary hormones and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis associated with hyperthyroidism, menopause or pregnancy, and even osteonecrosis after using glucocorticoids. In addition, it is conducive to give the reference guidance for clinical treatment of metabolic bone diseases and new drug development.

Objective To investigate the factor that related to neoplasm from the clinicopathologic character of gallbladder polyps, and identify the reciprocal effectiveness of these factors. Method Three hundred and forty-seven patients who were underwent operation with gallbladder polypoid lesions were reviewed. Results Logistic regression analysis showed, only 5 parameters were significant for the prediction of neoplastic lesions, including age of the patient (P =0.015), the number of polyps (P=0.018), the maximal diameter (P=0.000), echo property (P=0.000), as well as the position of polyps (P=0.030),of which the maximal diameter was the best one to predict the neoplasm polyps. Further analysis with HOC curve showed that 0.925 cm, the diameter of polyps, was the critical point to calculate the polyp was neoplasm or not. Conclusions Age of the patient , the number of polyps , the maximaldiameter, the position of polyps, and echo property are independent factors in predicting gallbladder neoplastic lesions. The size of the polyps is the most significant one among the factors to predict gallbladder neoplasm with its critical point of 0.925 cm.

Objective To investigate the relationship between body mass index(BMI) and the outcomes of liver function of patients with hepatocarcinoma after surgery. Methods We divided the patients into three groups: normal, overweight and obese groups based on BMI, then we recorded their preoperative and the postoperative liver functions: albumin, total bilirubin, alanine aminotrasferase(ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), γ-glutamyltranoferase(γ-GGT), triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL) and low density lipoprotein(LDL). Results The mean values of ALT change between the preoperative and the postoperative were (14.9 ± 1.98) U/L, (15.4 ± 2.27) U/L,(22.2±1.32) U/L; Mean values of γ-GGT change were(16.2 ± 1.33) U/L, (18.7 ±0. 97) U/L,(22.3 ± 1.27) U/L; mean values of TG change were (0. 18 ± 0. 44) mg/dL, (0. 21 ± 0.08) mg/dL,(0.25 ± 0.03) mg/dL. Compared with the results of control groups, there were no significant differences of recovery of liver functions between normal and overweight groups(P ＞ 0. 05), but the obese group' s recovery of liver functions did lag behind the normal group (P ＜ 0.05). It is showed that the obese group' s shared same recovery of albumin, total bilirubin, AST, ALP, TC, HDL and LDL. The difference was significant between the normal and obese groups in terms of recovery of ALT, γ-GGT, TG(P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion BMI is associated with the recovery of liver function of patients with hepatocarcinoma, the obese patients have poor prognosis of recovery of liver function.

Objective To study the mechanism of toxicity of hexane. Methods SD rats inhaled 15 g/ma n-hexane statically for 8 hours. Results The levels of GSH in whole blood of rats declined significantly (t-test,P＜0. 01). The levels of MDA in serum of rats revealed increasing trend but without statistical significance (t-test,P＞0. 05). The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in liver of rats decreased significantly (t-test,P＜0.01). Conclusion n-Hexane could induce or enhance the reaction of oxygen free radical in organism,and result in damages of lipid peroxidation,which might be one of the mechanisms of the toxicity of alkane.

Purpose：To study the expressions of p16 and CDK4 in human lung carcinoma. Methods：By using S-P immunohistochemical methods, the expressions of p16 and CDK4 in 62 cases of human lung carcnoma were studied. Results：The postive expressions for p16 and CDK4 protein were 58.1% and 48.4% respectively. A significant correlation was found between CDK4 overexpression and lymph node metastasis (P＜0.01). A significant correlation between the under expression of p16 and overexpression of CDK4 was found.Conclusions：The results suggested that CDK4 overexpression plays an important role in metastasis of lung carcinoma.

The famous Abraham Flexner's 1910 report to the Carnegie Foundation launched the modern medical educmion.The report'S focus on the medical education standards and the curricula frameworks was laudable and appropriate.At the centennial of this report.we were still able to get a lot of inspiration and the direction of development and reforms of medical education by reviewing Flexner'd Report.

Objective To investigate the effect of COX-2 in the DSS-induced UC mouse model and the effects of probiotics in the pathogenesis of UC. Methods DSS-induced UC mouse model was used in the study. A total of 60 mice were divided into 6 groups (Blank control group, DSS model group, Saline group, SASP group, Lactovacillus group and Bifidobactefia group). After 8 days, all mice were sacrificed. Histological injury score and pathological change and COX-2 in mucous of colon membrane were evaluated. Results The stages and histological changes were obviously improved and the expression of COX-2 in the colonic mueosa of mouse with UC was decreased when using probiotics and SASP. Conclusions Lactobacillns and Bifidobacterla can decrease the expression of COX-2 in the colonic mucosa of mouse with UC. The effect has no difference between SASP and probiotic group.

C-termini of proteins often play an important role in various biological processes, such as the transcription and translation from DNA to protein and also participating in various biological regulations. The determination of protein C-terminus is so crucial because it provides not only distinct functional annotation, but also a way to monitor the proteolysis-modified proteins. Based on the biological mass spectrometry, a series of novel methods and technologies were developed both for qualitative and quantitative analyses of protein C-terminus. These methods or technologies can be applied to accurate and effective protein C-terminus profiling, including the sequences and quantitative information of C-termini, which reveals the biological function of C-termini in life's activities and provides a better understanding of the degradation of mature proteins. Combined with our research, this review highlights the improvements in C-terminal proteomics study in the past decades, including the methodologies for recognition and identification of C-terminus, as well as the enrichment strategies for protein C-terminus.
Mass Spectrometry ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins ; chemistry ; Proteolysis ; Proteomics