The nose has a three-dimensional structure located in the centre of the face, and plays an important role in the facial aesthetics. The anatomical structure of the nose, especially the three components-nasal cartilages, muscles, and ligaments are spatially connected, which interact with each other, affecting the size, position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The author attempts to review the literature on the spatial arrangement and relationship between the nasal cartilage, muscle, and ligament from the anatomical and functional perspective, and summarize their effects on the position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The purpose is to explore how to bionically adjust and transplant the spatial arrangement of the cartilage, ligament and other subunit structures of the nasal tip without affecting the inherent structure and function of the nose, and to seek the theoretical basis for the establishment of the nasal tip shaping technology in line with the anatomical and physiological functions.

The nose has a three-dimensional structure located in the centre of the face, and plays an important role in the facial aesthetics. The anatomical structure of the nose, especially the three components-nasal cartilages, muscles, and ligaments are spatially connected, which interact with each other, affecting the size, position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The author attempts to review the literature on the spatial arrangement and relationship between the nasal cartilage, muscle, and ligament from the anatomical and functional perspective, and summarize their effects on the position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The purpose is to explore how to bionically adjust and transplant the spatial arrangement of the cartilage, ligament and other subunit structures of the nasal tip without affecting the inherent structure and function of the nose, and to seek the theoretical basis for the establishment of the nasal tip shaping technology in line with the anatomical and physiological functions.

The nose has a three-dimensional structure located in the centre of the face, and plays an important role in the facial aesthetics. The anatomical structure of the nose, especially the three components-nasal cartilages, muscles, and ligaments are spatially connected, which interact with each other, affecting the size, position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The author attempts to review the literature on the spatial arrangement and relationship between the nasal cartilage, muscle, and ligament from the anatomical and functional perspective, and summarize their effects on the position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The purpose is to explore how to bionically adjust and transplant the spatial arrangement of the cartilage, ligament and other subunit structures of the nasal tip without affecting the inherent structure and function of the nose, and to seek the theoretical basis for the establishment of the nasal tip shaping technology in line with the anatomical and physiological functions.

The nose has a three-dimensional structure located in the centre of the face, and plays an important role in the facial aesthetics. The anatomical structure of the nose, especially the three components-nasal cartilages, muscles, and ligaments are spatially connected, which interact with each other, affecting the size, position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The author attempts to review the literature on the spatial arrangement and relationship between the nasal cartilage, muscle, and ligament from the anatomical and functional perspective, and summarize their effects on the position, shape, and function of the nasal tip. The purpose is to explore how to bionically adjust and transplant the spatial arrangement of the cartilage, ligament and other subunit structures of the nasal tip without affecting the inherent structure and function of the nose, and to seek the theoretical basis for the establishment of the nasal tip shaping technology in line with the anatomical and physiological functions.

Objective The kinetic house tree person test has many advantages compare to traditional psychometrics,but also some limits such as scoring subjectively and ambiguous.This research attempted to develop a reliable scoring system.That can distinguish college students with emotional disorder from normal college students by employing kinetic house tree person (KHTP) drawings.Methods 143 College students were invited to partake in the research KHTP drawings,the Beck Depression Inventory Ⅱ (BDI-Ⅱ),the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to the subjects.Undergraduates with a BDI score of ≥ 14 or a BAI score of ≥8 were classified as the clinical group,while those with a BDI-Ⅱ and a BAI score are minimal were classified as the controis.The researcher and an expert studied and analyzed the KHTP drawings Manual,filtrate 35 indicators correlate to emotional disorder,and then researcher make standard for evaluation of every indicator.The standard for evaluation were then revised by the researcher and another rater then finalized by the expert.Results The results showed that 35 indicators correlate to emotional disorder were found,and there were significant differences in facial expressions (x2 =19.109,P＜0.01) and actions (x2 =13.341,P＜ 0.01) between clinical group and normal group.The Pearson coefficient of concordance showed that the inter-rater reliability and inner-rater reliability was consistent(r=0.932,r=0.913,P＜0.01).The t-test was employed to verify the discriminant validity between the clinical and control groups.The result showed that a significant discriminant validity was found with the scoring system developed in this research(t=14.890,P＜0.01).Conclusion The scoring system developed from this study has good inter-rater reliability,inner-rater reliability and discriminant validity.

Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (LCH), the most common histiocytic disorder, is a reactive clonal proliferation and accumulation of CD1a+ / CD207+ dendritic cells in inflammatory lesion, characterized by its strong heterogeneity and changeable complexity including apparent inflammation and tumor features, which should be redefined as an inflammatory myeloid neoplasia. Recent research has shown that LCH is the consequence of misguided myeloid differentiation on account of genomic aberrances in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway. These gene inhibitors may present more curative effects for the treatment of LCH. With further prospective clinical trial, molecular targeted therapy may combine with or even replace the traditional surgery plus chemotherapy as the first-line regimen in LCH.

Older people generally had low health literacy, age related cognition decline and some even progress into dementia, burden on society was aggravating. Cognition decline of the elderly could lead to the decrease of health literacy. Meanwhile, higher level of health literacy was a protective factor against cognition decline in the elderly. This paper aimed to explore the relationship between health literacy and cognitive function in the elderly population without dementia, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the health literacy and cognitive function of the elderly.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of direct celiac ganglion irradiation with 125I seeds for pain relief secondary to advanced pancreatic carcinoma (PC).Methods This study enrolled 23 consecutive patients who had moderate to severe pain resulting from advanced PC.All patients underwent EUS-guided direct celiac ganglion irradiation with 125I seeds.Follow-up was conducted at least once weekly until death.Blood parameters,Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score,mean analgesic consumption,and complications were evaluated during follow-up.Results All patients successfully underwent implantation at one attempt.The mean number of seeds implanted in the celiac ganglion per patient was 4 (range 2-6).Immediately after the procedure,pain relief and analgesic consumption showed no significant changes compared with preoperative values.Six patients (26％) reported pain exacerbation.Two weeks later,the VAS score and mean analgesic consumption were significantly less than preoperative values.No procedure-related deaths or major complications occurred.Conclusion EUS-guided direct celiac ganglion irradiation with 125I seeds can reduce the VAS score and analgesic drug consumption in patients with unresectable PC.

Objective To investigate the features of PET-CT manifestation of pancreatic metastasis,and to improve its detection rate.Methods The PET-CT images of 31 cases of clinically diagnosed pancreatic metastases and 26 cases of primary pancreatic cancer were retrospectively evaluated.Two experienced specialists identified the lesion location in fused images.After frame by frame image analysis,the lesions with significantly increased radioactivity uptake were seen as positive,when compared with surrounding normal pancreatic tissue.The outline of regions of interest was drawn along the edge of the lesion shown in PET,and based on a semi-quantitative evaluation,the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) was calculated.If SUVmax ＞ 2.5,it was considered as positive.Results Among the 31 cases with pancreatic metastasis,22 cases of lung cancer,2 cases of gastric cancer 2 cases of colon carcinoma,1 case of maxillary sinus carcinoma,thyroid carcinoma,melanoma,renal cell carcinoma or gallbladder carcinoma were identified.Twenty-one cases (67.7％) were single,10 cases (32.3％) were multiple or diffuse lesions.Among the single lesions,7 (33.3％) were located in the pancreatic head and neck,14 in pancreatic body and tail.Among the 26 cases of primary pancreatic carcinoma,18 cases (69.2％) were located in the pancreatic head,8(30.8％) in the pancreatic body and tail.The sites of primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer were significantly different (x2 =6.012,P =0.014).CT scan showed only 17 nodular lesions with relatively low density and less clear boundary.PET images showed lesions in 31 cases of metastatic pancreatic cancer,and the mean SUVmax was 7.42 ± 3.48,which was significantly higher than that in primary pancreatic cancer group (5.39 ± 1.71,F =4.87,P =0.032).In addition,PET-CT identified 30 cases of other organs or lymph node metastasis.Conclusions PET-CT plays an important role in the diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Objective To explore the feasibility of establishing porcine model for training of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided celiac plexus paracentesis.Methods A total of 6 healthy pigs were sedated with an intramuscular injection of Ketamin at 10 mg/kg,followed by intravenous injection of 3% pentobarbital at 0.8 ml/kg.EUS was then performed and empty seeds were implanted into celiac plexus.Enhanced CT scan was performed to confirm the location of the implanted seeds.Results No animal died after the procedure.All seeds were accurately distributed on both sides of the celiac trunk except in one pig the seed was found in stomach by CT scan and was re-implanted another day.Conclusion Pigs are similar to human in anatomic structure and they can be excellent models for beginner endoscopy physicians to acquire the skill of EUS guided celiac plexus paracentesis.