0.05). ③All of the OSAHS patients suffered seri-ous lipid metabolic disorders. CONCLUSION ① Fatty infiltration in the pharyngeal tissue may lead to collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep. ②The epithelial cells of mucosa,endothelial cells of small vessels and glandular cells of minor salivary glands can potentially produce leptin. Leptin existing with Ob-Rb shows the peripheral action of leptin. The positive ex-pression of leptin and Ob-Rb had no significant differ-ence between the two groups, which may explain theectopic accumulation of lipid. ③ Disordered lipid me-tabolism may not be the determinant factor in the patho-genesis of OSAHS. ④ Endogenous hyperleptinemia may be the protective response to respiratory distur-bance and disordered lipid metabolism, and is also as-sociated with the continuous hypersympathetic activity. The level of leptin in plasma has a positive correlation with the severity of OSAHS.

0.05). In the field of side effects,especially EPS,weight gain,lactation and menstrual disorders,aripiprazole was significantly lower than risperidone(P

Objective: To examine the effect of group mental intervention on implicit and explicit aggression of violent juvenile criminals. Methods: A survey investigation and IAT test on implicit aggression were employed to evaluate the aggression of violent juvenile criminals. And the effect of ten times of group intervention on aggression of juvenile criminals was analyzed. Results: After group mental intervention, the implicit aggression was not reduced significantly, but the intervention effect on explicit aggression was significant. Physical aggression and verbal aggression of explicit aggression reduced significantly, but there was no significant difference in rage and hostility. Conclusion: Group mental intervention is an effective method for reducing explicit aggression of violent juvenile criminals.

Objective To explore the clinical value of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the perioperative period of biliary surgery.Methods The prospective study was adopted.The clinical data of 800 patients diagnosed as benign biliary tract diseases who were admitted to the Cangzhou's Central Hospital from March 2011 to January 2015 were collected.Patients were randomly divided into the case and control groups by random sequence method.The patients of case group received the ERAS management and patients of the control group received traditional perioperative management.(1) Stress state evaluation:the insulin resistance (IR) index and level of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were calculated.(2) Levels of inflammatory cytokines:levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the 2 groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).(3)Nutritional status:level of serum prealbumin (PA) was detected.(4) Postoperative status:time to anal exsufflation,time of defecation,duration of hospital stay and treatment expenses were recorded.(5) Postoperative complications were observed.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as x ± s and comparison between groups was analyzed using t test.Repeated measurement data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA.Count data were represented as ratio and analyzed using the chi-square test.Results The 800 patients were screened for eligibility,including 400 in each group.(1) Stress state evaluation:the levels of IR and CRP from pre-operation to 7 days after operation were from 3.8 ± 0.8 to 3.7 ± 0.7 and from (18 ± 5) μg/L to (27 ±8) μg/L in the case group,from 3.9 ±0.9 to 3.8 ±1.0 and from (18 ±5) μg/L to (38 ±9) μg/L in the control group,respectively,with statistically significant differences in the changing trends (F =12.38,17.85,P ＜0.05).(2) Comparisons of levels of inflammatory cytokines:levels of IL-6 and TNF-α from pre-operation to 7 days after operation were from (9.3 ± 3.1) ng/L to (12.5 ± 2.8) ng/L and from (10.2 ± 3.5) ng/L to (12.8 ±3.3)ng/L in the case group,from (8.9 ±3.3)ng/L to (17.3 ±6.5)ng/L and from (9.9 ±2.8) ng/L to (14.3 ±4.2)ng/L in the control group,with statistically significant differences in the changing trends (F =19.93,15.74,P ＜ 0.05).(3) Comparison of nutritional status:level of PA from pre-operation to 7 days after operation was from (335 ± 53)mg/L to (332 ±50)mg/L in the case group and from (330 ± 49)mg/L to (331 ± 45)mg/L in the control group,with a statistically significant difference in the changing trends (F =4.46,P ＜ 0.05).(4)Comparisons of postoperative status:time to anal exsufflation,time of defecation,duration of hospital stay and treatment expenses were (30 ± 10)hours,(51 ± 13) hours,(7.7 ± 2.5) days,(10.2 ±2.3) × 103 yuan in the case group and (54 ± 8) hours,(70 ± 16) hours,(15.4 ± 3.1) days,(15.6 ± 4.7) × 103 yuan in the control group,with statistically significant differences (t =37.73,18.62,38.67,20.64,P ＜0.05).(5) Comparisons of postoperative complications:incidence of complications was 15.00％ (60/400)in the case group and 22.50％(90/400) in the control group,and the numbers of patients with incision infection,nausea and vomiting,abdominal infection,intra-abdominal infection,urinary tract infection,intro-abdominal hemorrhage and bile leakage were 23,15,8,5,4,3,2 in the case group and 30,20,13,10,7,5,5 in the control group,respectively,showing statistically significant differences in the incidence of complications (x2=7.39,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion ERAS management in the perioperative period of biliary surgery is beneficial to postoperative recovery of patients,and it can also relieve postoperative stress state and inflammatory response,reduce the duration of hospital stay,treatment expenses and incidence of postoperative complications.

The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)in promoting inflammatory response and immune escape of tumor cells and the mechanism by which MDSCs promote the development and progression of tumors are reviewed.This could provide a new way for the investigation of immunological mechanism of liver fibrosis and liver cancer.Besides,MDSCs may be an effective therapeutic target for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Hypopharyngeal cancer is considered to be one of the head and neck tumor with poor progno -sis.The clinical curative effect of different treatments for hypopharyngeal cancer is also different .Surgery and ra-diotherapy of comprehensive treatment are the main treatments of hypopharyngeal cancer .Chemotherapy and bio-logical therapy also plays an important role on hypopharyngeal cancer .In this paper,we summarize the clinical curative effect of different treatments for hypopharyngeal cancer .

Objective To investigate the relationship between concurrent mental disorders and original respiratory diseases.Methods 35 cases diagnosed as severe respiratory diseases accompanied by various mental disorders from July 2005 to December 2008 were analyzed with the clinical presentation,examination,diagnosis and treatment.Results After the treatments of the original respiratory diseases and the necessary psychiatric drugs,the original respiratory diseases relieved and the symptoms of mental disorders disappeared.Conclusion Much more attention should be paid to concurrent mental disorders of respiratory diseases,and the timely treatments of symptoms of mental disorders will be of benefit to the therapy of original diseases.

The present study was undertaken to identify some afferent connections of the ventral and dorsal parts of pontine tegmentum in guinea pigs by using horseradish peroxidase retrograde microelectrophoretic technique.After introducing HRP into the ventral part of pontine tegmentum, numerous labeled cells were observed in the mesencephalic central gray and related reticular formation, which is equivalent to the MSR (Mesencephalic Stepping Region) ventral to the surface of the superior colliculus. Labeled cells could also be identified at the following sites: nucleus cuneiformis ventral to the surface of inferior colliculus, nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini, nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, nucleus medialis vestibulares, nucleus lateralis vestibulares, nucleus loci coerulei and its ventral part, gray matter of the cervical enlargement of spinal cord.Following injection of HRP into the dorsal part of pontine tegmentum, substantial amount of labeled cells were observed in the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis and nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis Labeled cells gould also be identi- fied in the nucleus medialis vestibulares, nucleus lateralis vestibulares and nucleus cuneatus. Only a few HRP cells appeared around the nucleus tuber in the midbrain and no labeled cells have been seen in the nucleus loci coerulei, as well as the gray matter of cervical spinal cord.

【Objective】To observe the effect of Gastritis Prescription Ⅰ(GPⅠ) on the ultrastructure of gastric mucosa in spleen-deficiency atrophic gastritis(AG) patients.【Methods】Thirty chronic AG patients were treated with GPⅠ(mainly composed of Radix Codonopsis,Poria,Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae,Rhizoma Pinelliae,Fructus Amomi,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Herba Taraxaci,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata,etc.).The histological features of gastric mucosa sampled under gastroscope were observed before and after treatment under light microscope and electron microscope.【Results】After treatment,43.3% of moderate-degree and above atrophic area of gastric glands disappeared,and 16.7% became mild;36.7% of the disappeared gastric groove recurred and the thin gastric mucosa became normal.Microvilli of gastric gland became normal in 12 patients,accounting 54.5% in 22 patients with intestinal metaplasia.【Conclusion】GPⅠis effective in recovering the gastric mucosa of AG patients with deficiency of spleen and stomach Qi,and has an effect in counteracting intestinal metaplasia.