Colorectal polyps are common digestive system diseases in children. The important role of endoscopy in the di-agnosis and treatment of colorectal polyps in children has been recognized. With the continuous development of endoscopic techniques, the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal polyp has become safer, more convenient and more effective. In this re-view, the progress in endoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal polyps in children has been summarized.

Objective To explore the hemodynamic changes in the brains of newborns with intracranial hemorrhage.Methods Totally,61 newborns,born in Anyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Henan Province,with intracranial hemorrhage diagnosed by ultrasound in early neonatal period,and 50 healthy newborns,also born in the same hospital from December 1,2010 to June30,2012,were selected.Intracranial hemorrhage newborns were graded according to the severity of hemorrhage and divided into mild (n=45) and severe groups (n =7).The peak systolic flow velocity (Vs),end diastolic velocity (Vd),mean flow velocity (Vm) and resistance index (RI) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) of brain were measured by Doppler ultrasound.Ttest was applied for statistical analysis.Results Among the 61 neonates with intracranialhemorrhage,12(19.7％) were grade Ⅰ,42(68.9％) were grade Ⅱ,6(9.8％) were grade Ⅲ,and one (1.6％) was grade Ⅳ.The Vs,Vm and Vd of MCA and ACA in the mild and severe intracranial hemorrhage group were significantly lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant [MCA:(55.1±9.1) cm/s,(53.0±6.5) cm/s vs (60.1± 10.3) cm/s;(34.2±6.1) cm/s,(32.5±5.2) cm/s vs (38.2±6.9) cm/s; (17.1±4.8) cm/s,(15.3± 4.0) cm/svs (20.2±5.3) cm/s.ACA:(41.3±11.7) cm/s,(39.4±9.2) cm/s vs (45.3±9.8) cm/s;(25.2±5.8) cm/s,(23.3±4.9) cm/s vs (28.1±5.9) cm/s;(15.0±3.9) cm/s,(13.2±3.1) cm/s vs (15.9±3.8) cm/s,all P＜0.05].But the RI values were significantly higher in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (MCA:0.70 ± 0.10,0.77 ± 0.07 vs 0.62 ± 0.10 ; ACA:0.67±0.06,0.73±0.08 vs 0.61±0.05;all P＜0.05).TheVs,Vm and Vd of MCA and ACA in the severe intracranial hemorrhage group were significantly lower than in the mild hemorrhage group,while the RI values were significantly higher,and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Newborns with intracranial hemorrhage have significant hemodynamic changes in the brain and more prominent changes could be found in those with severe intracranial hemorrhage.

To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 305 cases with apoplectic sequela admitted at our general geriatric nursing ward from January 2000 to December 2011.The subjects were divided into 2 groups:hypoalbuminemia and non-hypoalbuminemia.Advanced age (OR =5.624),chronic heart failure (OR =2.298),conscious disturbance (OR =1.575),dysphagia (OR =1.565),complete bedridden (OR=2.874),pneumonia (OR =3.725) and bedsore (OR =5.336) were risk factors for hypoalbuminemia in the patients with apoplectic sequela.And hyperglycemia(OR =0.066)was a protective factor for it.

Urinary tract infection (UTI)is a commonly encountered disease during routine clinical care. In the mean time, it is also a commonly encountered hospital acquired infection. UTI possesses various clinical symptoms, and usually the symptoms are atypical. The detection of leukocyturia and bacteriuria is an essential index for screening and confirmatory diagnosis of UTI. This article summarized the pathogenesis of UTI, diagnostic criteria, clinical significance and application evaluation of detection of the WBC and bacteria in urine.

Abdominal drainage is the most common technique applied in the abdominal surgery. According to the aim of drainage, it can be divided into curative drainage and preventive drainage, but there is no obvious difference between the 2 drainages. Abdominal drainage is not necessary after parenchymal viscera operation, but necessary after spleenectomy in preventing infection. For cavity viscera operation, abdominal drainage is applied according to the infectious condition, but scholars at home and abroad have different opinions on this point. Surgeons should pay attention to the placement of the drainage tube in patients who received preventive drainage.

Bronchoscopes ; Bronchoscopy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Child ; China ; Humans

Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy

Adult ; Humans ; Hydrochloric Acid ; poisoning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Smoke Inhalation Injury

This paper introduces the concept,the research paradigms and the related theory of the attentional blink,and reviews the relevant researches about the attentional blink of the children and adults with ADHD in the last 10 years.Compared to normal subjects,children and adults with ADHD did show more severe AB effect,and adults with ADHD showed more eye movement behavior.In future studies,standardized RSVP paradigm should be set up to provide convenience for the comparison of results of studies,and find out what kind of processing restrictions will affect the characteristics of different age ADHD groups in the time dimension of attention.In addition,ADHD and inhibitory control related closely,consideration should be given to the combination of inhibitory control paradigm and AB paradigm.

Objective To understand the current status and the changes in main disability reasons in the elderly with physical disabilities during the past 20 years in China. Methods　The data of the elderly with physical disabilities aged 60 years and over that were from the national sample survey on disability in 1987 and 2006 were analyzed and compared by epidemiology methods. Results　In 2006.the main disability reasons in the elderly with physical disabilities aged 60 and over were disease factors,injury factors,other factors and congenital diseases and eccyliosis.The cause-specific disability prevalences were 5.262%,1.885%,1.000% and 0.200%respectively.Cerebrovaseular diseases showed the highest cause-specific disability prevalence of 2.552% in all the causes.Compared with the national sample survey in 1987,the cause-specific disability prevalences of disease factors and injury factors were obviously increased.The top five disability reasons in the elderly with physical disabilities aged 60 years and over in China were cerebrovascular diseases,arthropathy,miscellaneous traumas,other causes and unknown causes in the national sample survey in 2006;while vascular diseases,other traumas,other causes,unknown causes and pyogenic infection were the top five disability reasons in the national sample survey in 1987.The age-specific top five reasons were basically the same with the total top five disability reasons of the elderly with physical disabilities aged 60 years and over,and also the same relationship between sex-specific top five reasons and Iotal top five disability reasons in 1987 and 2006. Conclusions　Disease factors are the main disability reasons of the elderly with physical disabilities aged 60 years and over,and cerebrovascular diseases have the highest cause specific disability prevalence.The prevention and cure of cerebrovascular diseases,arthropathy and other traumas become the key points to prevent physical disability in the elderly.